【Persistence 小组】第六次提纲作业

欣馨之火UID: 2183210

I的提纲（今天A的提纲是低频，红字，我就没写了，没时间啊，汗）：

153. "Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."
Agree (or a Balance view):
Skepticism plays a crucial role in one's study and the development of a society.
1. Students can benefit from skepticism for they can bring new perspective into their current study.
2. Without skepticism, one can not be in initiative and make significant innovation in his/her study, and he/she can not follow others' assertions.
3. However, skepticism should be some reasonable, or one's energy will be wasted in gratuitious skepticism.
(以下是抄的)
1. Skepticism is perhaps most important in the physical science. Passive acceptance of prevailing principles quells innovation, invention and discovery.
2. The value of skepticism is not limited to the physical sciences, of course. (sociology, political science, law)
3. Even in the arts, students must challenge established styles and forms rather than learn to imitate them; otherwise, no genuinely new art would ever emerge.
4. Admittedly, undue skepticism might be conterproductive in educating young children.
-------------------


52. "Education encourages students to question and criticize, and therefore does little to promote social harmony."
Similar to I153
Disagree (or a Balance view):
Encouraging students to question and criticize does not necessarily undermine the social harmony.
1. Social harmony does not mean unprincipled compromise, so, it is definitely necessarily to encourage students to question and criticize.
2. Moreover, question and criticism can bring new perspectives to the solution of some problems concered by a society, and it does promote social harmony.
3. Admittedly, education should encourage constructive question and criticism, a undue one will do harm to social harmony.
(以下是抄的)
Encouraging students to question and criticize does not necessarily harm social harmony.
1. Social harmony hinges on mutual understanding among members of the society, which is achieved through active communication rather than passive conformity.
2. The ability to challenge existing authorities and paradigms requires intensive training throught education.
3. Encouraging students to question and criticize helps students not only to learn more productively but also become qualitified citizens that will be able to actively participate in social affairs.
--------------------


213. "Too much emphasis has been placed on the need for students to challenge the assertions of others. In fact, the ability to compromise and work with others—that is, the ability to achieve social harmony—should be a major goal in every school."
Similar, or even the same to I52
Should take a balance viewpoint rather than disagree like topic 52.
(以下是抄的)
Encouraging students to think critically does not necessarily conflict with our pursuit of social harmony.
1. Critical think is key to students both academically and politically. (对于这点的感想：以前“抄的”曾经用science和humannity对应，这儿用academical和political对应，值得借鉴)
2. It is necessary for students to criticize the views of each other in their studies, which does not necessarily lead to conflicts among them.
3. Compromising is harmful in academic pursuits. (对于这点的感想：compromise本身有名词的意思，这里用动名词，是否在强调这个过程？)
--------------------


230. "College students—and people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions. Therefore, colleges should eliminate as many choices as possible in order to offer students clear direction."
Disagree (or a Balance view):
1. 糟了，没感觉了！
(以下是抄的)
1. As for the speaker's threshold claim, I concede that under certain circumstances people prefer to take dierction from others.
2. When it comes to particular tasks in which college professors are more experienced and knowledgeable, following their directions is to be preferred, for failing to do so can result in costly mistakes.
3. However, when it comes to decisions about major and minor fields of study, curriculum choices, and other broad decisions, for the most part students themselves--and not college administrators--should be the final decision-makers.
--------------------


228. "The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones."
Balance view (or Agree):
1. To praise positive actions sometimes motivate the passion of people and prevent them to being depressed.
2. However, not every negative action can be ignored because it will encourage people to make mistakes. Negative actions which do not undermine the principles can be ignored, for the person who has made them will most possibly to correct them.
3. 分教育、职业和家庭分别举例。这是范文常用的手段
(以下是抄的)
(感想：范文的这个好像更注重反对，和我相反。它更注重批评、惩罚的一面)
The statement overlooks circumstances under which praise might be inappropriate, as well as ignoring the beneficial value of constructive criticism, and sometimes ever punishment.
1. The recommendation that parents, teachers and employers praise positive actions is generally good advice.
2. While recommedation praise for positive actions is fundamentally sound advice, this advice should carry with it certain caveats.
3. At the same time, some measure of constructive criticism and critique, and sometiems even punishment, is appropriate.
--------------------