[资料分享] ARGUMENT 模板 [复制链接]

糊涂塌客
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发表于 2007-4-24 14:53:36 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

有一个同学要考AW了，这两天开始把他的作文传给我修改。他平时的实验很多，不像我学文科的有大把的青春可以浪费，导致的结果就是到现在都才写了没有几篇，包括ISSUE和ARGUMENT.

修改了几篇之后，总体的感觉很是不好。ISSUE的结构和论证都很散乱，ARGU则是还没有成型，语言和批驳顺序都很不地道。最是不好的一点是不论我怎么告诉他把作文发到寄托来，他都不肯，说太差了，嫌丢人。而且也不喜欢逛GTER, 共享的资源都不懂得利用。

我想他的ISSUE在段时间内，没有什么本质的可以提高的空间了。所以我把当时我刚开始练习时准备的ARGU模板打出来，发上来。希望对他以及和他情况差不多的GTER有帮助。

估计到现在四月底还没有自己模板的家伙已经不多了，但是觉得模板虽然不能死背到考试时死敲，但是它对于帮助人进入写ARGU的状态，找到手感还是很重要的。

但是，值得提醒的是无论如何，考试时还是不要刻意去背模板的好。因为我的经验是，尽管你把它写到草稿上你照着打，它还是限制你的自由发挥，把你完全束缚在固定的句式和想法中。让你把文章往模板的方向引。还有雷同的顾及。所以还是应该慎待模板的作用

最后，希望我的同学可以运气好，抽个好题目。

ARGUMENT 模板

总结构
开头要精简：In this argument, the arguer recommends that… To support this recommendation, the arguer holds several assumptions in the argument. However, these assumptions contain logical flaws, which render it unconvincing as it stands.

正文：First of all, the threshold problem with the argument involves…

Secondly, the author unfairly implies that…

Thirdly, the argument fails to convince me that…

Before I come to my conclusion it is necessary to point out another flow in the argument….

结尾比较不那么及其重要：
In sum, absent of more sufficient statistics and thorough analysis, this argument is unpersuasive as it stands, /to bolster it the author must account for all other factors that…To better strengthen this argument it would be useful to know…Also useful would be any information about…【时间充足版】

After careful consideration, the author lacks both detailed evidences as well as precise reasoning to make a sound argument.【没有时间版】

填充内容
调查结果不能用于个体：The nationwide statistics showing does not necessarily apply to…Yet this might not the case, for the variety of possible reasons.

成本与利益：Profitability is a function of both revenue and expense… Without weighing revenue against expense the argument’s conclusion is premature at best.

他因法：Yet logic and common sense inform me that the results might have been due instead to one or more other factors. Perhaps…Perhaps…Perhaps…In short, without considering and ruling out all other possible scenarios that might serve to … I simply cannot take the recommendation seriously.

数据不够全面：The argument provides no evidence that the study’s results are statistically reliable. Specifically, the response must be accurate and the response must be statistically significant in number and representative of the general group. Otherwise, the author cannot confidently draw any general conclusion about….

攻击差异概念：A does not necessarily indicate that B.

不能与时俱进：Furthermore, the author’s inference that…which were effective in the past will also be effective in the future rest on the poor assumption that during [time] all conditions upon which their effectiveness depend have remained unchanged. Perhaps…Perhaps…Perhaps…Without taking into account these possibilities, the author cannot persuade me that…

因果关系：The argument relies on an unproven cause-and-effect relationship between AAA and BBB.

概念模糊不清：Absent either a clear definition of the term or clear evidence that…the author’s contention that… is simply unjustified.

两方的可比性：The argument relies on what might be a false analogy between A and B. In order to substantiate his point the arguer must assume that all relevant circumstances involving the business are essentially the same. However, this assumption is unwarranted.

每段后使段落完整的尾句：1.As it stands, that author’s solution to the problem is based upon an oversimplified analysis of the issue.

2.Without compelling evidence to support, the arguer’s conclusion is not worthy of consideration.

词汇和词组
首句引导自己的结论：Recommend / suggest / advise / propose / assert / conclude / claim / advocate / state / assume / predict / project / forecast / expect

为支持自己的观点：Support / justify / validate / substantiate

站不住脚的：Groundless / unwarranted / unreliable / untenable / questionable / problematic / unfounded / open to doubt / indefensible / ambiguous / flawed / fraught

例举：For example / for instance / other relevant factors might include / …as an example / …is a case in point / …serves as an apt illustration. / In order to see this point clearly, let us see an example.

A导致B的因果关系词汇: Cause / explain / serve to / account for / be due to / be responsible for / lead to / result in / result from / contribute to

提出结论：Conclude that / reaches the conclusion that / arrives at the conclusion that / advocates that / claims that

另外我觉得前辈peter的作文总结是非常棒的，我自己考试时，就copy了他的一个结尾，呵呵
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=523562&extra=page%3D1%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D9&page=3

[ 本帖最后由糊涂塌客于 2007-4-24 15:12 编辑 ]