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Task2议论文是很多考生感到头疼的题目。在40分钟内完成一篇不低于250个字的文章即使对英语专业的考生也是一个很大的考验。考官建议字数在270左右是比较合理的，因为这既不浪费太多时间，也较合理的满足了Task 2的字数要求。如果文章字数达不到最低要求，你的作文肯定会被扣分。有人认为Task 2写的越多越好，这实际上是一种误解。因为写的越多，出现的错误就越多，反而会影响到得分。要写出一篇优秀的文章，考生必须具备：1，丰富的词汇表达；2，多样化的句型结构；3，充分的论据；4，完整的文章结构。很多考生认为，我只要多背几个经典的句子，多背背别人写的范文就一定能拿高分。实际上，如果你这样做了，你很可能得分很低，甚至会得零分。2002年有很多得1分，2分的考生，原因是他们背了别人写的范文。雅思考试说明中规定，如果发现考生作文雷同，则按作弊处理。其实如果自己写的话，每个考生都可以最低得5分。我给考生的忠告是，不要背别人写的范文。也不要使用大家都会用的表达方式。本文除了提供了常用的写作模式外，给考生提供了大量的句子表达，每个表达都有自己的特点和精彩之处。考生可以根据自己的情况，选择适合自己的表达。另外，考生需要了解考官对一篇优秀文章的要求是什么。以下内容大多来自雅思考官的原话，考生可以听听考官的要求和建议。
I General Introduction of Task Two.
1, In task two, you have to write a 250-word essay on a topic of general interest. You have to give an opinion about the question and present a written argument. You have 40 minutes in which to do this. Task two is assessed on 1, Arguments, ideas and evidence refers to how well you answer the question by giving relevant ideas, and how well you discuss or present your ideas; 2, Communicative quality refers to how well you have structured the essay and how easy it is to read. This includes use of sentence connectors; 3, Vocabulary and sentence structure refers to how many mistakes you make in sentence structure and word use.
II Layout of an essay When you write your essay you should use standard, general layout. That is to say, it should have three distinct sections, as outlined below.
The purpose of this section is to introduce the topic and present your own opinion
引出话题和你的观点
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The purpose of this section is to explain your opinion
阐释你的观点
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The purpose of this section is to briefly summarize your opinion
简要总结你的观点
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NOTE：中国的考生要特别注意中文和英文写作风格之间的不同。中文中，一般先论证再给出观点，这同英文正好相反。在英文中，你应该在引文中先提出观点，在正文中进行论证，然后在结论中重申自己的观点。
III Analyzing the question
Your ideas are important, and can make a big difference to the quality of the essay. However, without analyzing the title, it is very difficult to think of good, relevant ideas, you should therefore spend one or two minutes thinking carefully about the title. People often fail to do as well as they should do in the essay writing because they didn’t think question before beginning to write the essay. Remember that a few minutes spent planning the essay could potentially improve your score in the essay writing by one band.
Juvenile delinquency
Weapons
Abortion
Antivivisectionist
Nature, Nurture
Subsidize 资助
Fertilizer and pesticide 化肥和农药
Motorized flight
IV Three Styles of Task Two
1) 讨论某物或现象的利与弊（advantages and disadvantages of sth）。如：深圳2001年9月 G类是讨论媒体的， 10月A类是讨论发明的，2002年出现过出国留学（A类版本89）和出国工作的利与弊，2003年出现过汽车（A类版本105）和自行车（G类版本99）的利与弊。
2) 寻找某种社会现象的原因并提出建议（find out the causes for a social phenomenon and provide some solutions）。例如：2001年出现过交通问题，青少年犯罪问题，污染问题和乱扔垃圾问题；2002年出现过年轻女性犯罪问题（A类版本90），校园暴力问题（A类版本93），和交通问题（A类版本102）；2003年出现了语言和文化的消失问题（版本110）和农村和城市生活差距问题（版本118）。
3) 观点讨论（argumentation） 涉及科技与生活、社会生活、电视与媒体、旅游、家庭、服装、食品、体育、教育、政府等热点话题，在task 2中占80%以上。
V Common mistakes made by IELTS candidates
1、文章没有一个规范的结构。
2、遗漏题目中的问题，或对问题没有认真的分析。
3、没有对自己的ideas 进行进一点的解释。
在这一点上，很多考生感觉写文章时没有话可以说。一个段落的形成通常首先要有一个主题句（topic sentence），和一些支持句（supporting sentences）。支持句可以是一些具体的例子，假设，名人名言，谚语，和具体数字。如果一个段落可以找到合适的例子，那将很有说服力。所以，例子是一个段落的关键。对于谚语和名人名言，考生不需要花太多的时间背诵，因为你可能背下100个谚语，但在写作当中却毫无用处。所以，谚语和名人名言是可遇而不可求的。下面是由雅思考官提供的一些例子。
Examples: Nuclear power is far too dangerous. Therefore, countries should ban its use and concentrate, instead, on developing alternative sources of energy such as hydroelectric power, wind power and solar energy. What about your opinion?
Topic sentence: One of the main benefits of nuclear power is that is doesn’t is doesn’t use natural resources such as coal, gas and oil.
Supporting sentences: It helps to protect that environment because fuel such as coal and oil produces waste gases that pollute the atmosphere. It also ensures a reliable supply of electricity for many generations to come.
Topic sentence: Dealing with nuclear waste is a big problem.
Supporting sentences: Nuclear waste is very dangerous, and takes many years before it becomes safe. Even if it is buried, if anything happens, such as an earthquake, the damage to the environment could be very serious. Nuclear waste also has to be transported to the place where it is to be stored. If anything happens whilst it is being transported, an accident, for example, the results could be very serious.
4、开头太臃肿，废话太多
一篇文章的开头仅起到介绍主题和展示自己观点的作用，不需要写的太多，一般40个字左右较为合理。有些范文的开头太长，这只会浪费你的时间和笔墨，而考官可能根本不看你的开头。这是考官给考生的忠告。下面是一个不好的例子，尽管文字优美，但不符合雅思写作的要求。
Nuclear power is a relatively recent discovery in the field of physics. Yet it has proven to be a very popular to be a very popular method of producing electricity, and is used widely by many countries worldwide for this purpose. Using a minimum of natural resources, it is capable of producing vast amounts of electricity at a cost far lower than traditional methods have thus far been able to achieve. However, it has many disadvantages, namely, it is highly dangerous. In fact, as I shall argue, it is far too dangerous to be used as a method of producing electricity. （共101个字）
下面我们按照写作题目类型的划分，提供写作中常用的词汇，句型和协作模板。
一、如何讨论利与弊
必备词汇
1, advantage/merit/benefit
2, disadvantage/demerit
3, bring about
4, play an important role in agriculture /industry / national defense/education
5, have a profound influence on
6, have positive/negative effect
7, along with the development of science and technology
8, as the development of science and technology accelerates
9, a good/large/growing/increasing number of people
10, discuss/talk about the advantages and disadvantages
11, enlarge/expand one’s knowledge
12, widen one’s horizons
13, develop / cultivate/ foster one’s ability/capability/competence
14, shape one’s characters/personality
15, provide sb with sth
16, convenient
17, comfortable
18, however,/ nevertheless,/ on the other hand
19, for example,/for instance
20, take sth as an example
21, violence
22, sexual scenes/pornographic picture
23, thriller
24, Hollywood movie
25, enrich one’s knowledge
26, shorten the distance
27, accelerate globalization
28, save one’s time
29, abound in various information
30, Internet provides a convenient platform for people to communicate directly
31, improve working efficiency
32, save resources
33, youngster
34, waste people a lot of valuable time
35, website
36, cause environmental pollution
37, give out irritating noise
38, impair/damage people’s health
39, incur traffic accidents and traffic jams
40, to sum up/in general/on the whole
常用句型 1, Computer (TV, Internet) plays a very important role in people’s work and life.
2, Computer has a very profound influence on people’s work and life.
3, The invention of computer brings about numerous (innumerable, tremendous, countless) advantages to us.
4, As far as I am concerned, the advantages of computer outweigh its disadvantages.
5, However, every medal has its reverse. We should not ignore its disadvantages.
6, Nevertheless, the disadvantages of computer is undeniable.
7, To sum up, computer has both positive and negative effect on us.
8, We should take effective measures to eradicate (get rid of, eliminate, solve, handle, tackle, cope with) the disadvantages engendered by computer.
一、文章结构 (1) How to begin a topic (Straightforward, no circumlocution,)
Example 1 (Version 105, A)
Along with the rapid progress of science and technology, /As the pace of scientific development accelerates, the automobile industry has witnessed remarkable prosperity. Cars, as an important tool of transportation, carry passengers from one place to another, playing a profound influence on every aspect of people’s work and life. As far as I am concerned, the advantages of cars outweigh the disadvantages. (55 words approximately)
Example 2 (Version 100, G)
Bicycle plays an important role not only in everyday transportation, but also in the entertainment in people’s leisure time. As automobile industry goes through unprecedented development, more and more people throw their eyes to bicycle, for its convenience, environmental amiability and pollution-free nature. From my point of view, the merits bicycle brings about outweigh the disadvantages greatly. (58 words totally)
Example 3 (Version 89 A, G)
With the rapid development of society, mankind has entered an era of information explosion. In order to acquire sufficient knowledge, more and more people plan to further their study abroad. Studying abroad brings about many advantages. It widens students' knowledge and horizons, and meanwhile cultivates their independence and personalities. (49 words)
(2) How to develop the main body (specific examples are desirable and necessary, which can enrich the contents and draw more attention from the examiners.)
Firstly,/First and foremost,
Secondly,/Besides,/In addition,
Finally,/Lastly,/Last but not least,
折中段：
However, everything has its two sides/everything has double folds/every medal has its reverse. Cars can arouse tremendous environmental damage and the scarcity of natural resources.
To begin with,…
Furthermore,…
结尾：
To sum up/in general/on the whole/in brief/in short/in a word/, it is true that advertisements bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent.
Exercises:
1, There are different media, such as, television, radio, internet, telephone, newspaper, magazine, and so on. State the advantages and disadvantages of three media. (9, 2001, SZ)
2, Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of one invention. For example, telephone, television and computer (10,2001,SZ/1, 2002, SZ)
3, With the popularity of English, more and more people speak English globally, Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this phenomenon (9, 2000, SY)
4, Please discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cars. (2003年版本105)
二、原因与建议
必备词汇
1, enter an era/age of information/technology
2, serious/pressing/prominent/acute problem
3, confront/face
4, there are also some pressing problems confronting us
=However, we are also confronted with some serious problems, one of which is traffic problem.
5, realize the seriousness of the issue
In this essay, I will concentrate on/focus on/dwell on/explore the causes for this problem and find out effective solutions to it.
6, explore/find out
One of the major causes is that the rapid increase of vehicles imposes a heavy pressure on the current traffic situation.
7, cause/factor
8, solution/suggestion
9, one of major/main causes
10, contribute to
The rapid increase of vehicles contributes mainly to the traffic issue.
11, account for
12, environment
13, pollution
14, juvenile delinquency
15, crime
16, drug abuse
17, young women crime
18, school violence
19, throw-away
20, language and culture
The local government does not pay sufficient attention to traffic issue.
21, pay sufficient/adequate attention to
22, law/regulation
23, lack the awareness of traffic security
24, prohibit/forbid/ban/restrain
25, influence/affect
26, have negative/positive effect on
27, raise/enhance/promote the awareness of
28, strengthen moral education/physical culture
29, crack down on crimes
30, violence
31, erotic/pornographic scene/picture
32, be addicted to smoking
33, drug addict
34, join hands in doing
=join hands to do
35, make joint effort to do
To sum up, if the government and ordinary citizens can join hands in solving the problem, I think, in the near future, our traffic situation must be improved.
36, try one’s best
=do one’s utmost
37, take effective measures to do
38, put emphasis on sth
=give priority to
39, eliminate/eradicate/get rid of illiteracy/poverty
40, put forward/bring forth/put forth valuable suggestions
41, solve/handle/tackle/deal with/cope with
常用句型 1, Traffic is a very serious (prominent, pressing, acute, protruding) problem confronting modern society.
2, There are boundless traffic accidents and traffic jams on the road every day.
3, A growing number of people begin to realize the seriousness of this issue.
4, An increasing number of people begin to show great concerns about the issue.
5, In this essay, I will dwell on (concentrate on, focus on, explore) the causes for the issue and put forward (bring forward, bring forth) some valuable suggestions.
6, On of the major cause for traffic problem is that…
7, The rapid increase of private cars contributes partly to the issue.
8, The rapid increase of population in large cities accounts partly for the issue.
9, We should attribute the current traffic situation to the lack of the awareness of traffic regulation.
10, In order to solve the traffic problem, experts and sociologists put forward many valuable suggestions.
11, With a view to eradicating young women crime, government and the authorities concerned should make joint effort to…
12, To sum up, if the government and the authorities concerned join hands in solving the problem, the situation must be improved in the near future.
文章结构
（1）开头 (Talk about the current situation of the problem and your purpose)
Example 1 (Version 90, A)
The new century is an era full of opportunities. However, there are also many pressing problems confronting us, one of which is the acute heavy traffic problem/juvenile delinquency/drug abuse/abortion/environmental pollution problem. There are always traffic jams and accidents on street; the exhaust gas and irritating noise people’s health and the environment. There is a growing number of people who begin to realize the seriousness of this issue. In this essay, I would like to discuss the causes for this problem and explore the possible solutions to it.
Example 2 (Version 93, A)
School violence becomes very protrusive in many countries, most of which are caused by the attitudes of students. Some governments and the authorities show great concerns about the problems. From my point of view, these problems are aroused by three factors, the development of society, the influence of family and media and the weakness of school education.
Example 3 (Version 102, A)
Traffic problem becomes the biggest concern of many countries in the world, not only because of the environmental pollution caused by the exhaust gas and irritating noise, but also the menace it takes to the bicycle riders and pedestrians. Furthermore, many gardens and grasslands give way to the rapid development of traffic facilities like highway, flyovers and avenues, leaving less and less space for the citizens. (66 words)
Example 4 (Version 120, A)
Museums illuminate the culture, history and arts of the world. Every country and government spare no effort or money to enrich the collection of museums to cater for different tastes or needs of people, for the benefit of the present and future generations. There are bounteous museums all over the world.
（2）分析原因可以从以下几个角度进行讨论。
1, the development of society
2, the government’s obligation
3, the people’s awareness
4, school education
5, family influence
常用例句：
1, The rapid increase of privates contributes mainly to traffic issue.
2, The lack of awareness of traffic laws and regulations accounts partly for the issue.
3, One of the major causes is that…
4, Another cause which should not be neglected is that….
（3）原因和建议部分的过度：
In order to solve the present heavy traffic situation, people think up various solutions. To my mind/In my opinion/In my part/As far as I am concerned, the following are worth mentioning.
Firstly,
Secondly,…
Lastly,…
（4）结尾：
To sum up, all the above-mentioned suggestions are reasonable and practical. If the governments and ordinary citizens join hands in solving the heavy traffic problem, I think in the near future we will enjoy a more comfortable and smoother journey every day, breathing fresher and cleaner air without harsh noises pushing into our ears.
Exercises:
1, Young drug abuse is a serious problem nowadays in many countries, what are the reasons for this and what can be done to combat it?
2, Transport system has been developing at an amazing rate all over the world. Now please discuss the traffic situation in your country. What are the causes of the present serious traffic problem? And how to solve the problem of heavy traffic?
3, Juvenile delinquency I is becoming more and more serious in modern society. Please discuss the causes and find out some possible solutions.
4, The gap of living between the city and the countryside is becoming larger and larger. Please analyzise the causes for this phenomenon and provide relevant recommendations. (Feb, 2003 Version 118)
5, The diversity of language and culture is disappearing in modern society. What are the causes and how to solve the problem? (July, 2003 Version 110)
三、Argumentation 常用句型 1, Concerning the topic whether or not smoking should be forbidden, people hold different views.
2, The issue of whether or not tobacco should be illegalized or not is heatedly debated nowadays.
3, Some people claim that people enjoy the right of smoking, while some other people argue that smoking does great harm to the our health.
4, From my point of view, smoking should be prohibited by the government without delay.
5, There are some cogent arguments.
6, The reasons are as follows.
7, One of the major reasons for my argument is that…
8, Another contributing reason is that…
9, Last but not least,…
（1）开头How to begin the topic (straightforward)
Examples 1, Should college students be encouraged to take up a part-time job?
The issue of whether or not students should take a part-time job has been widely/heatedly debated currently/recently. Quite A few people claim that it would not only widen their horizon but also help shape their personalities. On the other hand, those who think differently argue that the task of a student is to acquire knowledge and skills for their future career. As for me/As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, I believe that part-time jobs play a positive role in the development of university students.
Example 2 (Version 121, A)
Cultural diversity is a very fascinating phenomenon in every country. People from different countries and cultural backgrounds not only show the charms of their own cultures, but also make the world culture diversified and prosperous. However, culture difference sometimes causes much trouble for people to get equal career opportunities and inconvenience to their work and life.
Example 3 (Version 104, A)
Biological diversity has never been so threatened as it is today as a result of the process of human civilization. The various forms of pressure created by human activity have destroyed natural balance, led to the deterioration of natural habitats, genetic erosion and the rarity, even disappearance, of a number of plant and animal species.
Example 4 (Version 101, A)
Traditional arts, as valuable cultural relics of a nation, are disappearing far away from the modern society. China, as one of the highly-civilized countries in the world, abound in various forms of traditional arts, such as painting, calligraphy, music, architecture and dramas, which are not only our national cultural treasures, but also a rich fortune of the world. (58 words)
Example 5 (Version 99, A)
With the rapid development of computer science, computer can translate all kinds of languages. Therefore, some people say that children need not study foreign languages any more. From my point of view, I think computer will never take the place of human beings.
Example 6 (Version 94, A)
The rapid development of economy and society results in the significant improvement of women’s social status. More and more women, confined to baby-sitting and chores previously, have stepped out of their family and become career women. But in the meantime, career women are confronted with considerable nuisances, one of which is baby caring. (53 words)
（2）如何找论据How to develop a paragraph (Topic sentence + examples)
Example 1 (Version 99, A)
Firstly, language is closely related to a country's culture. Through language study, students can know the culture of a country. For example, if you study English, you can know a lot of things about English literature, English poetry, English festivals and English customs. I am English major. I like English romantic poems very much. The beautiful verses by Shalley, Burns and other famous English poets are still very popular in modern literature. We also enjoy some English festivals like Halloween, April Fools Day and Christmas, when people celebrate in night clubs and bars and have a lot of fun.
Example 2 (version 121, A)
First of all, the visitors’ compliance with local culture shows respect to the host country and people and maintains a good order in the local society. Take traffic regulations as an example. In some countries like Britain, pedestrians and drivers must walk or drive on the left side of the road. The case is just the opposite in China or some others countries where people must abide by the rule to walk on the right side. If people neglect the difference, the traffic will be in chaos. Besides the differences of rules and regulations, the laws in every country also keep different. Therefore, the visitors should be fully aware of the details of host country’s laws, so as to avoid unnecessary disputes and trouble. Furthermore, the visitors to other countries can have exotic experience of different cultures, enlarging their knowledge and widening their horizons. Culture diversity makes our world colorful. Better understanding of foreign cultures also contributes a great deal to the exchange of different cultures.
Example 3 (Version 104)
As the pace of civilization accelerates, more people, taking more space, needing to use more natural resources, engaging in ever-growing consumption, impose severe deterioration on the habitat of animals. An increasing number of people come to realize that the disappearance of animals will result in serious threat to the equilibrium of ecosystem. Simply put, the extinction of hawks, a rat-eating bird seen in many regions, will result in the rapid propagation of rats. And rats, further, will destroy the prairies and threaten the other animals like gazelles, zebras and others, who live on grass and green lands. The coexistence of animals and human beings creates perfect harmony and brings about the vividness to our planet. It is hard to imagine what our world would be like without animals. Sociologists also point out that the disappearance of animals can cause social and economic problems. Animal trade, as a supporting sector to the world economy, was very active before. However, the situation is beyond control since animal trade is very profitable and alluring. Many species cannot escape the adversity of being killed.
Example 4 (Version 88, A)
Creativity is the source of arts. The development of literature is a very vivid illustration. From Classicism to Romanticism, from Renaissance to Realism, from Humanity to Post-modernism, the styles of literature reflect people’s thinking and have epoch-making significance. Suppose there were only one style of literature, people would not appreciate so abundant poetry and novels and our world would become so monotonous.
Example 5 (Version 88, A)
Furthermore, restrictions on creativity will arouse tragedies, one of which is “Burn books and bury the literati in pits” in Chinese history launched by Emperor Qin Shihuang, who buried the Confucian scholars alive and prohibited the dissemination of Confucian. Another tragedy was started by Emperor Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, who killed many creative artists and intellectuals, undermining the literal development and distorting the development of humanity. History proves that only when a government encourages people to express their own idea and thought freely, can its country make progress and prosper.
（3）折中：
However/On the other hand, part-time jobs occupy much valuable time of students, which sometimes have a negative impact on their study.
（4）结尾：
To sum up, I think part-time jobs are very necessary for the growth of college students. The question is whether we can find the balance. Anyway, current society requires students with theoretical knowledge as well as practical experience
Exercises:
1, Some people suggest that children should be encouraged to do some educational things in their off-class time, otherwise, they will waste their valuable time and energy. Do you agree or disagree with the suggestion? Give your reasons.
2, Should developing countries concentrate on improving industrial skills and modern technology or should they promote education first?
3, Does modern technology make life more convenient. Or was life better when technology was simpler?
4, With the amazing development of computer science, computers can translate all kinds of languages well so our children don’t need to learn more languages in the future. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
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发表于 2007-7-10 16:36:47
发表于 2007-8-19 16:25:48
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