issue93 [0710G-summer小组]第二次作业by sanliangmm

sanliangmmUID: 2363921

ISSUE 93--"The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making."
[Outline]:同意文章观点，即使人们应对自己的行为负责，个人责任不是自己能够左右的，而是被社会所决定的
1.个人责任由特定的社会环境决定
2.个人责任的定义随社会发展而发展
3.虽然个人责任是变化的，但是人们依然应该对自己的行为与承诺负责
I agree with the speaker’s contention that although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, individual responsibility, in terms of individual behavior, is largely determined by forces not of their own making. In fact, such individual behavior is restricted by ethic, moral and rule of given society. That is to say, the concept of individual responsibility is a kind of contrived belief, based on special reality.
Individual responsibility is defined by a certain society, which respectively lies in family, nation and society. The direct meaning of individual responsibility is described as what one should be responsible for what he has done. Because individual activity in society is directed and regulated by the ethic, moral and rule of society, one's responsibility endowed has a manifest mark of his time, which arises from his past behaviors. For instance, Women living in old China have an obligation for conforming to the will of their husbands, while men take charge for survival of the whole family by cultivating crops and fowls themselves. However, nowadays, women more emphasize individual independence such as making decisions by themselves than before all over the world. Such cases indicate that in a great degree personal duty existed tends to be carved by society other than by individual will or individual behavior in a wide perspective.
In the meantime, with the development of society individual responsibility will be slowly changed and partly be redefined according to the need of society. The social change will inescapably influence everybody and then quickly or slowly make a corresponding alteration to their concepts and conducts, which ultimately shake the major notion in society. During such a period in which new ideas are appearing and the old ones still exist, some pioneers maybe conduct unexpected demeanor without any consideration of consequence and betray the conception of traditional responsibility. Until new requirements are established do people feel confused about accountable requests. As a result, they might easily loose sense of responsibility.
Even though the duty is a kind of contrived conception in fact, we have to admit that individual should be responsible for what he has done and promised, no matter the changes of detailed duty. Because the duty based on reality stems from certain aspects of our human nature, each one would establish a good sense of responsibility as soon as he owns the right. If you do the wrong you have to burden the consequence of wrongdoings; if you are married you should be responsible for a whole family such as caring for kids, doing housework and so on; if the nation is involved with war you need to hold the country: only by doing so through your life can you be accepted by the social circumstances even if you do not accomplish your duty. In current society and current time one has typical duty to conduct.
To sum up, individual responsibility is defined by society but it should be carried out by each person in practice. No matter how social circumstances change, we, each entity living in a certain planed society, should be responsible for what we have done and promised even though sometimes we do not implement very well.

[ 本帖最后由 sanliangmm 于 2007-7-19 12:28 编辑 ]

dragonraceUID: 178536

I agree with the speaker’s contention that although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, individual responsibility, in terms of individual behavior, is largely determined by forces not of their own making. In fact, such individual behavior is restricted by ethic, moral and rule of given society. That is to say, the concept of individual responsibility is a kind of contrived belief, based on special reality. Individual responsibility is defined by a certain society, which respectively lies in family, nation and society. The direct meaning of individual responsibility is described as what one should be responsible for what he has done. Because individual activity in society is directed and regulated by the ethic, moral and rule of society, one's responsibility endowed has a manifest mark of his time, which arises from his past behaviors. For instance, women living in old China(我觉得in old days in China/in old society of China更好些，old China我没见过,可能是我孤陋寡闻了) have an obligation for conforming to the will of their husbands, while men take charge for survival of the whole family by cultivating crops and fowls themselves. However, nowadays, women more emphasize(感觉这个词好像用的不太恰当) individual independence such as making decisions by themselves than before all over the world（前面说中国，现在说全世界，好像范围无理扩大了）. Such cases indicate that in a great degree personal duty existed(existed我看不懂是怎么用的) tends to be carved by society other than by individual will or individual behavior in a wide perspective.In the meantime, with the development of society individual responsibility will be slowly changed and partly be redefined according to the need of society. The social change will inescapably influence everybody and then quickly or slowly make a corresponding alteration to their concepts and conducts, which ultimately shake the major notion in society. During such a period in which new ideas are appearing and the old ones still exist, some pioneers maybe conduct unexpected demeanor without any consideration of consequence and betray the conception of traditional responsibility. Until new requirements are established do people feel confused about accountable requests. As a result, they might easily loose sense of responsibility.Even though the duty is a kind of contrived conception in fact, we have to admit that individual should be responsible for what he has done and promised, no matter the changes of detailed duty. Because the duty based on reality stems from certain aspects of our human nature, each one would establish a good sense of responsibility as soon as he owns the right. If you do the wrong you have to burden the consequence of wrongdoings; if you are married you should be responsible for a whole family such as caring for kids, doing housework and so on; if the nation is involved with war you need to hold the country: only by doing so through your life can you be accepted by the social circumstances even if you do not accomplish your duty. In current society and current time one has typical duty to conduct. To sum up, individual responsibility is defined by society but it should be carried out by each person in practice. No matter how social circumstances change, we, each entity living in a certain planed society, should be responsible for what we have done and promised even though sometimes we do not implement very well.
文章逻辑和条理都很清晰，语言也很好。
不过完全同意作者的观点在GRE issue里面好像不太好，就以这个问题来说，责任在一定程度上来说也是由个人素质来决定的，比如一些人素质高，社会责任感强一些，主动承担的职责可能会更多一些。你可以在你的第3点中以让步的形式把这点提议下，即不否认社会环境和社会发展对个人责任有很大影响，但是个人素质对个人责任的形成和实施也有很大的作用。

rainyni0812UID: 2186847

Sanliangmm的长句式很灵活，要好好向你学习啊。

论述的第一点和第二点有重叠的地方，由特定环境决定从另一个角度讲是不是就是随着社会的发展而发展。如果这样还不清楚的话，旧中国妇女的例子放在第二个论点是不是依然适合。

文章把外力局限在社会环境上了，是不是外力不仅仅表现在此，我自己归结成主观和客观的关系，不知可否适合，大家可以继续探讨。

第三点建立在一个比较弱的假设上，就是说你的前提是假设因为个人责任是变化的所以就不要对自己的行为负责，这个假设题目中没有。
I agree with the speaker’s contention that although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, individual responsibility, in terms of individual behavior, is largely determined by forces not of their own making（这部分从句法上没看明白）. In fact, such individual behavior is restricted by ethic, moral and rule of given society. That is to say, the concept of individual responsibility is a kind of contrived belief, based on special reality.

Individual responsibility is defined by a certain society, which respectively lies in family, nation and society. The direct meaning of individual responsibility is described as what one should be responsible for what he has done. Because individual activity in society is directed and regulated by the ethic, moral and rule of society, one's responsibility endowed has a manifest mark of his time, which arises from his past behaviors. For instance, Women living in old China have an obligation for conforming to the will of their husbands, while men take charge for survival of the whole family by cultivating crops and fowls themselves. However, nowadays, women more emphasize individual independence such as making decisions by themselves than before all over the world. Such cases indicate that in a great degree personal duty existed tends to be carved by society other than by individual will or individual behavior in a wide perspective.

In the meantime, with the development of society, individual responsibility will be slowly changed and partly be redefined according to the need of society. The social change will inescapably influence everybody and then quickly or slowly make a corresponding alteration to their concepts and conducts, which ultimately shake the major notion in society. During such a period in which new ideas are appearing and the old ones still exist, some pioneers maybe conduct unexpected demeanor without any consideration of consequence and betray the conception of traditional responsibility. Until new requirements are established do people feel confused about accountable requests. As a result, they might easily loose sense of responsibility.

Even though the duty is a kind of contrived conception in fact, we have to admit that individual should be responsible for what he has done and promised, no matter the changes of detailed duty. Because the duty based on reality stems from certain aspects of our human nature, each one would establish a good sense of responsibility as soon as he owns the right. If you do the wrong you have to burden the consequence of wrongdoings; if you are married you should be responsible for a whole family such as caring for kids, doing housework and so on; if the nation is involved with war you need to hold the country: only by doing so through your life can you be accepted by the social circumstances even if you do not accomplish your duty. In current society and current time one has typical duty to conduct.

To sum up, individual responsibility is defined by society but it should be carried out by each person in practice. No matter how social circumstances change, we, each entity living in a certain planed society, should be responsible for what we have done and promised even though sometimes we do not implement very well.

sanliangmmUID: 2363921

大改了！越写越找不到北了！大侠们有时间看看我每一段开头就好，看看我有没有跑题，总觉得越写越跑，泪奔。。。

ISSUE 93--"The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making."
[Outline]:同意文章观点的前半部分，个人责任是一个很重要的概念，使得我们必须对我们的行为负责。对后半观点采取混合态度，个人责任是被社会所决定的，在过渡时期，也需要个人的力量
3.个人责任是很必要的一个概念，人们应该通过它对自己的行为与承诺负责
1.个人责任由特定的社会环境决定
2.个人责任的定义随社会发展而发展,在新旧观念交替的时期可能会带来混淆，因此需要个人意志的力量
I fundamentally agree with the speaker’s contention that individual responsibility is a necessary fiction and by which people should accountable for their actions and choices. While to the second part of the speaker’s contention, I hold a balanced view  that individual behavior is restricted by ethic, moral and rule of given society, also in certain period should be gauged by self conscious .
The reason that individual is a necessary fiction is that a society where individuals are held accountable for their actions and promises is a lawless one, devoid of any order whatsoever. That is to say, only by such concept in terms of what we should be responsible for what we have done and promised, no matter the changes of detailed duty, can we make the society harmonious. Because the duty based on reality stems from certain aspects of our human nature, each one would establish a good sense of satisfy and esteem as soon as he owns the right. If you do the wrong you have to burden the consequence of wrongdoings; if you are married you should be responsible for a whole family such as caring for kids, doing housework and so on; if the nation is involved with war you need to hold the country: only by doing so through your life can you be accepted by the social circumstances. Thus, in current society and current time one always has typical duty to conduct and special responsibility.
As for the speaker’s second claim, I agree that individual responsibility is defined by a certain society, which respectively lies in family duties, nation and society obligation. Because individual activity in society is directed and regulated by the ethic, moral and rule of society, one's responsibility endowed has a manifest mark of his time, in terms of the social value system. For instance, Women living in old China have an obligation for conforming to the will of their husbands, while men take charge for survival of the whole family by cultivating crops and fowls themselves. However, nowadays, women more emphasize individual independence such as making decisions by themselves than ever before. Such cases indicate that in a great degree personal duty tends to be carved by society other than by individual will or individual behavior in a wide perspective, for the reason that they must comply with the social circumstances as a whole.
However, in the transitional period when individual responsibility will be slowly changed and partly be redefined according to the need of society, merely define individual responsibility by social esteem might lead to frustration, and enough self awareness is required After all, During such a period of time in which new ideas are appearing and the old ones still exist, some pioneers maybe conduct unexpected demeanor without any consideration of consequence and betray the conception of traditional responsibility. Until new requirements are established do people feel confused about accountable requests. As a result, they might easily loose sense of responsibility without sufficient individual spirit. That is to say, the forces of their own making should not be overlooked in transitional time while social standard is vague to discriminate.
To sum up, individual responsibility is defined by society and by individual spirit as a whole, and it should be carried out by each person in practice. No matter how social circumstances change, we should rely on the necessary fiction of “individual responsibility” during our entity living in the certain planed society, by which we are responsible for what we have done and promised


[ 本帖最后由 sanliangmm 于 2007-7-19 20:51 编辑 ]

dragonraceUID: 178536

不但没有跑题，而且和题目结合的很紧密，另外再一次赞一下你的语言功底。

eenbrUID: 2259468

我觉得写得很清晰，每段一开始就道出中心句，所以结构很明白，而且语言很流畅。但是我不知道就文章的思想性而言，ets是怎么判断好坏的，只是感觉作者的思想没有拓展开来。








I fundamentally agree with the speaker’s contention that individual responsibility is a necessary fiction and by which people should accountable for their actions and choices. While to the second part of the speaker’s contention, I hold a balanced view that individual behavior is restricted by ethic, moral and rule of given society, also in certain period should be gauged by self conscious . The reason that individual is a necessary fiction is that a society where individuals are held accountable for their actions and promises is a lawless one, devoid of any order whatsoever. That is to say, only by such concept in terms of what we should be responsible for what we have done and promised, no matter the changes of detailed duty, can we make the society harmonious. Because the duty based on reality stems from certain aspects of our human nature, each one would establish a good sense of （satisfy） and esteem as soon as he owns the right. If you do the wrong you have to burden the consequence of wrongdoings; if you are married you should be responsible for a whole family such as caring for kids, doing housework and so on; if the nation is involved with war you need to hold the country: only by doing so through your life can you be accepted by the social circumstances. Thus, in current society and current time one always has typical duty to conduct and special responsibility. As for the speaker’s second claim, I agree that individual responsibility is defined by a certain society, which respectively lies in family duties, nation and society obligation. Because individual activity in society is directed and regulated by the ethic, moral and rule of society, one's responsibility endowed has a manifest mark of his time, in terms of the social value system. For instance, Women living in old China have an obligation for conforming to the will of their husbands, while men take charge for survival of the whole family by cultivating crops and fowls themselves. However, nowadays, women more emphasize individual independence such as making decisions by themselves than ever before. Such cases indicate that in a great degree personal duty tends to be carved by society other than by individual will or individual behavior in a wide perspective, for the reason that they must comply with the social circumstances as a whole. However, in the transitional period when individual responsibility will be slowly changed and partly be redefined according to the need of society, merely define individual responsibility by social esteem might lead to frustration, and enough self awareness is required After all, During such a period of time in which new ideas are appearing and the old ones still exist, some pioneers maybe conduct unexpected demeanor without any consideration of consequence and betray the conception of traditional responsibility. Until new requirements are established do people feel confused about accountable requests. As a result, they might easily loose sense of responsibility without sufficient individual spirit. That is to say, the forces of their own making should not be overlooked in transitional time while social standard is vague to discriminate. To sum up, individual responsibility is defined by society and by individual spirit as a whole, and it should be carried out by each person in practice. No matter how social circumstances change, we should rely on the necessary fiction of “individual responsibility” during our entity living in the certain planed society, by which we are responsible for what we have done and promised

sanliangmmUID: 2363921

我也觉得我局限在一个很狭窄的范围在讨论这个，可是我实在没得说了，看着这个题目就很讨厌

rainyni0812UID: 2186847

对于很泛的题目，抓住一个点来切入很重要，所以你限定了一个范围是对的我觉得。这道题后来我又查了资料，
归类和162题一样。可以谈论主观能动和客观环境、内因和外因、个人行动的决定因素或者个人责任的承担，你选择了最后一个方面，应该没有问题的。