issue88 [0710G 戴三个表冲刺小组] 第3次作业

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I88
"Technologies not only influence but actually determine socialcustoms and ethics."   
Along with thedevelopment of modern technologies which have changed human beings' lifegreatly, some people hold the view that social customs and ethics are not onlyinfluenced but actually determined by technologies. In my opinion, this notion istoo absolute and simple about the correlation between technologies and socialculture.
I do agree withthe speaker in that technologies affect social customs and ethics  because the advanced devices make the way inwhich people live, work and communications different from before and the developedscience enhance the knowledge of human being of the natural world andannihilate the blindness of people. Most of the development of science and technologiesmake the life more convenient and enjoyable. For instance, email and mobilephone change the manner by which people greet each other and take the place of writingletters and post cards gradually. Moreover, because scientists today canexplain many phenomenons that cannot be understood in the past, the relevantcustoms and ethics may change or disappear. In the ancient times when ancestorsof us could not control or estimate the climate and harvest, they pray to thedeities who they considered in the charge of raining and foison. Nowadays theactivities of sacrifice almost disappeared on the earth because of thedevelopment of meteorology and agriculture. Thus, it is reasonable to say thattechnologies have effective on the associated customs and ethics.
However,technologies cannot be the decisive factor to social customs and ethics, whichare a long-term, compositive and accumulated result of many factors including geographicallocation, faith and religion and history of a country, which are equally oreven more important to the social culture. For example, Christian day and Easterday, which are celebrations of the birth and relieving of Jesus, are stillcelebrated by people today and do not change or disappear. Thus, it is notsuitable to argue that the social costumes and ethics are determined bytechnologies.
In addition,social costumes and ethics reflect the moral and cultural thought whiletechnologies the logical thought. They work on each other but never determineeach other.
Therefore,technologies cannot decide social customs and ethics although the former influencethe latter. This is because there is no causality between them.

太恶心了。这篇的感觉最差。


I88提纲
科学技术不但影响而且决定了风俗和道德观念。
部分同意。

1.科学技术的发展确实对风俗习惯和道德观念有影响。因为a.随着科技的发展，人们的生活方式改变了，所以相关的风俗习惯会随之改变，比如写信被发email取代，再举一个例子；b.随着科技的发展，人们对自然的认识发生改变，许多因为科学不发达的风俗和道德观念就会消失，比如对天神的祭祀求雨，求丰收，而且有可能产生新的习惯，比如在网上交朋友，比如在网上获取消息代替清晨读报。所以，科技的发展是风俗习惯和道德观念发生改变的一个因素。
2.However,因为风俗习惯和道德观念的形成是一个长期的，由诸多因素共同作用的结果，科学技术并不能决定风俗习惯和道德观念。影响风俗习惯和道德观念的因素有许多，比如历史，宗教，地理位置等等，这些因素和科技的发展对于风俗和观念的影响同样重要甚至更加重要。比如基督教的宗教节日圣诞节和复活节到今天也没有改变，仍旧被人们庆祝，这两个节日分别代表耶稣的出生和复活之日。所以，说科学技术决定风俗习惯和道德观念是不合适的。
3.而且，风俗习惯和道德观念体现了人类的伦理和文化思维，科学技术体现了人类的逻辑思维，所以二者只能相互影响，不能相互决定。

所以，尽管科学技术会影响风俗习惯和道德观念因为科学技术会影响人们的生活方式和对自然的认识，但是科学技术不能决定这些东西因为二者之间没有必然的因果联系。



求拍。