杭州环球雅思笔记

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杭州环球雅思笔记
推荐书目：剑桥12345、胡敏《雅思高分作文》、吴建业作文、刘洪波《阅读真经》12（只看文章，不能做题）、外研社《中级听力listen to this2》、俞敏洪《雅思词汇》

阅读笔记
对29-31题 7分  32-35  7.5分  36-38  8分
答题总原则：
1、默认情况下只有一个答案，一个答案只使用一次。
2、填写的词尽量依照原文，可以删减但不要增加，名词最重要，代词、形容词、介词都可以删。单词的时态、形式绝对不能变！（如果你发现你找到的单词必须变化才合适，那你肯定找错答案了）
3、题目永远比文章重要，先看题目再看文章，根据题目或选项中的关键词定位。关键词一般包括：数字、大写字母capital letters、符号mark等。
4、某些题型是有顺序原则的，如summary题、T/F/NG题。但只存在于这一类题内部，不同题型之间是没有顺序原则的。

题型：
1、选择题
a.顺序原则
b.分成两类specific直接找细节和general 需要自己总结。
c.先看题目和选项，掌握大概，再根据题干中关键词到文中定位找答案。

2、summary:填词、选词、图形题、表格题
最简单的题，找到第一个答案所在就能依据顺序原则做出所有的题，填词题又是其中最简单的一类，往往填的词可以从原文中找到一模一样的。做题的方法就是通过题目或已给出的答案中的信息尽快地定位。

3、T/F/NG题
a.有顺序原则
b.写全答案，保持与例题一致，注意yes/no还是true/false
c. True (yes): 提到并符合
  False (no): 提到但不符合
  Not given: 没有提到或提到但不清楚，即根据现有的证据无法判断是对或错。
EG: P: He thinks Tom is good.
   Q: Tom is good.                                       NG
EG: P: He likes A
   Q: He likes A and B                                    NG
   P: He only likes A
   Q: He likes A and B                                    False
EG: P: He is one of the best
   Q: He is the best                                       NG
EG: P: Many lectures find their jobs very rewarding.
   Q: The majority of lecturers get satisfaction from their work.    NG
  

4、Matching题
a.通常有大写字母，比如找出某某博士的观点，通过这些字母在文章中定位
b.没有顺序原则
c.并不是每个选项都会选到。注意看题目中的解释和示例。
d.做题顺序：先把题目和选项全部看一遍，翻译出来并理解，再到文章中划出大写字母，有一部分题直接可以做出来，接着把剩下的题再看一遍，然后看文章做题。

5、list of headings题
a.个人以为，这类题是在其他类题都做完后，对整篇文章有了了解，最后做的一类题。如果最早做你就必须通读整篇文章，很浪费时间。
b.先把不需要的heading（已在例题中选过的）和paragraph(已选过或没有在题目要求内的)划掉。
c.把所有的heading看完并划出关键词，翻译和理解
d.看文章每段的首句、第二句和尾句（注意转折词）
e. Matching 题讲到就可以选，是往细的方面选。Heading题相反，一定要全面，选择可以包含文中有提到的更广范围的。
f. 第一遍做题可以先选出多个选项，再进行排除。用排除法来对照选项，看那段文章是否符合该选项中每一个蕴涵的意思。有一个方面不对就可以排除。
g. 在一个选项可以配对两题，你实在选不出的时候，宁可两题选一样的，放弃一题比两题都错好。
例：补充材料

听力笔记
听力机经密码surewin
对30-32题 7分  33-35  7.5分  36-38  8分
答题总原则：
1、抓紧section1的时间看section4，因为第四部分多是选择题，需要大量时间看题。分析句子结构、已有信息，预测答案。
2、填写时间如果是专门写月份，月份不可缩写（January\ February\ March\ April\ May\ June\ July\ August\ September\ October\ November\ December）
   课程名称的首字母要大写
   掌握金钱符号，英镑￡ 欧元  美圆＄
3、听写答案时用速记法，速度尽可能快。移写答案时注意检查拼写正确时态、单复数，填写可数名词时往往是用复数。
4、看清题目要求填写的字数是三个、两个还是一个
5、把握并列关系词（and, not only but also, also, too, either）转折关系的词（but, although, however, nevertheless, while, whereas）递进关系的词（then, in addition, moreover, furthermore）
6、
题型：
1、个人信息题
a.所听即所得：写的时候注意动词时态、形容词比较级和最高级、名词单复数、完整性
b. name分为:first name, given name, family name, surname. 必须要记住的几个名字：Susan, Thomas, Helen, Ellen, Charles, George. Smith, Walshan
Address: 32 Bank Street/Road/ Avenue
Postcode: NW45SA   一定要大写
Time: AM/am   PM/pm   8 in the morning=8 am
Initials: E.S. 名字首字母缩写
电话号码：七位xxx xxxx  八位xxxx xxxx   33: double three   333: triple three

2、图画题
a.找出每幅图细微的差别，如是否带帽、衣着。
b.其中地图题要注意说明的文字、说话人的起始点、指示标（标出南北就一定会用，不用左右，自己补全东西）、街道名、建筑物名

3、表格题
a.看图例、标题要求、说明文字
b.先看表格的横轴、再看表格的纵轴
c.两样东西的比较，优缺点往往互补

4、选择题
a.听之前看题干不看选项，划出核心词。全部题干看完后有时间再看选项
b.听力开始时看着核心词（有not肯定是），结束时比较选项选出答案
c.有顺序原则
d.不要选带有太绝对词的选项，如：everyone, only, all
e.答案往往在两个相似的选项中

5、配对题
a.浏览题目要求，猜测答案（根据上下文）
b.题干＝选项   每个选项都会用到
题干﹥选项    每个选项会用到一次以上
题干﹤选项    每个选项最多用一次
c.划出核心词
d.听的时候确定文章是以题干为顺序还是以选项为顺序
e.听到最清楚的词往往不是答案。

6、summary
一人独白，多用被动语态，关于学术类。是最难的题型，多以一段填空出现，很可能一句话中出现三个空的答案

作文笔记
第一部分 小作文是图表类说明文：只要客观说明对象数据
审题：1、确定主题2、确定时态3、确定单位
内容：1、首段总结印象和趋势
      2、描写图表特征，比如最值、变化a.转折词的使用b.有倍数关系写倍数c.使用比较级d.避免使用相同的词和句型
      3、结尾：总结上文，写出隐含信息
不同写作类型
趋势型：有时间轴、有已知或确定的顺序。把前后的数据进行对比
例：内部讲义第一页图
As is shown/displayed/illustrated/demonstrated in the bar chart/diagram/graph, the amount of
expenditure of transport and communication in Britain has changed/ varied/ differed during the three different periods.

All the trends namely car, public transport, postal service and tale-communication could be divided/ categorised/ classified into four kinds/ groups/ respects/ aspects. As for/ In terms of car, it subsided steadily/ gradually from 1960 to 2000, reaching its peak at 12 million pounds, and its bottom at about 5 million pounds. On the contrary, tale-communication had a reverse trend, with its minimum at approximately 7.5 million pounds and its top at 16 million pounds. Meanwhile, public transport fluctuated evenly, within the range of 12-14.5 million pounds while postal service stabilized at 9.5 million pounds.

What is worth mentioning is that the total amount of expenditure of transport and communication in Britain has not changed greatly during the 40 years.
静止型：没有顺序，自己进行分类、排序、总结特征
第一：1、A rank the first  2、A+最高级3、A stay at the first place/ the top of the list       4、……emerge/ belong to A  5、the year of 1878 saw/witnessed the event that  6、The figure of 数据 indicated the greatest number……
第二：1、B+ the second +最高级    2、A ……,followed by B       3、A……, next comes B
例：内部讲义第二页表格
The table makes detailed comparison and contract of different items between Madagascar and Mauritius around the Indian Ocean in 1999.

Madagascar dominated/ predominated/ led(多国家比较用) in the following items: surface area, population and the growth rate of population. The surface area reached/ mounted 12823 Km, compared with 2189 Km for Mauritius. Likewise, Madagascar also exceed/ outnumbered/ carried more weight that according to population (2678000 compared to 456000). Besides, the growth rate of population occupied/ took up/ covered（多用于饼状图）12%, six times as much as that of its counterpart.

However, the other items were led by Mauritius. The GDP mounted 360 US dollars per capita, three times that of Madagascar. As to enrolment of school, Mauritius outweighed Madagascar in both the primary and secondary school. The differences were 2.52% and 22%, respectively.

饼状图(pie chart)一般至少2个饼：基数的变化（每个饼的基数可能不一样）、扇区数量的变化（几个饼扇区数量不同）

流程图：说明文客观描述
1、时间顺序词和方位词的运用。
2、多使用被动句。
3、说明装置的名称介绍和功能介绍（第一步写）流程的准确说明，完整说明各个环节（第二步）注意用后置定语表述，介词和分词的叠用。
4、装置的介绍：（1）以某个主体装置为中心，介绍其他（按方位）（2）以流程顺序依次介绍装置（3）以地图的方位顺序介绍地名。

小作文单词分类：
1、图形种类
泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/ chart/ diagram/ illustration/ table
饼图：pie graph
柱状图：bar chart/ histogram/ column chart
趋势曲线图：line chart/ curve diagram/ cure graph
表格图：table
树形图：tree diagram
流程图或过程图：flow chart/ sequence diagram
程序图：processing/ procedures diagram
2、描述：show; describe, illustrate, apparent, reveal, represent, provide, depict，demonstrate,exhibit
3、数据：figure, data, statistics
4、类属：group, category (categorise v.分类)，item



























口语笔记
Part1
Last name = family name = surname
First name = given name
1. What do Chinese people or parents think about before they give names to their new born baby.
2. Are there some traditions concerning the birth of a baby in China
In the past, some Chinese prefer male child, who can take care of them when they are old, because girls are married out. Farmers also prefer male child who can help them in farming because men are stronger.
3. Talk about your family background.
Traditional family     liseral family   extended family   nuclear family
4. Explain Chinese traditional family structure.
Membership: by blood   by marriage   adoption
Living style: large family members   live under one roof
Ownership of property, house or other property are jointly owed not by a single son but by all family members.
5. What is your personality?
Extrovert  introvert  open-minded  industrious  kind-hearted  hospitable  hilarious
6. What factors are responsible for who you are?
Friends          family              school
7. What is your habit?
Eating: vegetarian  spicy food  bitter taste  sweet taste  salty taste  
Sleeping: snoring  one-sided  soft music  nightmare  go to bed late  wake up early
Others: good listener  considerate
8. Talk about some of your country’s culture?
We have some festivals: spring festival   dragon-boat festival  lantern festival
Food/ eating culture: moon-cake  dumpling
We usually go to temples to pray (divine luck)
Chinese do remember their dead generation (sacrifices)
We also dress in red during traditional wedding
9. What is your hobby and what do you learn from it ?
Keep fit  team-work/ team-spirit  broaden my horizon  communication
10. What sporting activity do you like?
--explain the basic skills in doing this sport
--rules/ regulations
11. Tell me any local food in your hometowns, what ingredients used for making it? Explain some of the nutrition value it has?
12. What factors do you think can hinder or promote peoples creative ability?
Education  background  environment  personality  
13. What’s your friendship value?
14. What’s your ideal job? What challenge do you think you may meet in this job?
15. How do you balance your busy and spare time activities?
16. Discuss some tourist sports in your home-town, explain the role of tourism in the society?
Culture exchange   recreation  inform education  creation of job  investment social benefits
17. How has your childhood experience shaped your today’s life?
I attended a good kindergarten when I was a child. My parents made sure I got some music skills, like playing piano. I learnt it in this school. Today, it is part of my career and hobby.
18. Differences between knowledge and experience?
19. Talk about your neigh hood what do you like or dislike about it?
Urban  suburb  countryside
20. What is your major?
21. Explain your dressing style? What information can you get from people’s dressing? Talk about some clothing material?
Job, hobby, sweater, wool, overcoat羽绒服, mental status精神状况, mental illness
Material: velvet天鹅绒, skin, silk, leather, wool, satin, cotton nylon
Part2
1. Describe any sculpture you know?
--what sculpture it is?
--where is it?
--which image is it?
--how it look like?
--talk about some importance of sculpture
Sculptures can improve our landscape
It can be a memory of their great heroes forever
It can also help develop tourist site
It keeps record of history
It can serve as an idol for others
2. Describe any musical instrument you play?
--what instrument it is?
--how it looks like?
--what are the parts?
--how to play it?
--explain the importance of learning musical instrument
Music is part of our lives. People usually play music or listen to music. I do too. In fact, there are so many musical instruments like drum, guitar and so on. However, I like piano so much. I play it. Piano has two types upright piano and grand piano. It is a box shaped object. The parts include strings, hammer, pedal, sound board and keyboard. I play it using music notes. The tone and the temps decide which key I press with my fingers. I can produce the sound according to my notes, high, low temps.
3. Learning musical instrument is important in many ways
It can improve my creative thinking, ability
It can be a career
You can have a content for it and make money
It helps you to entertain yourself and others
Music cools our soul
Reflect culture
4. Describe any epidemic outbreak in China
--What is it?
--when it happened?
--what caused it?
--how did it affect the people?
--suggest how to prevent it
The world has witnessed so many health crisises. In fact, there are many epidemic cases. For example, HIV (human immune virus), AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), Bird flu, plague and so on. However, China witnessed SARS ( severe acute respiratory syndrome) in 2003.
Causes
--By a virus from eating a wild animal
--By migrating birds
--By dirty environment
Affect
--Sickness
--Death
--Travel restriction
--Destruction of birds, animals
--Health crisis
--Loss of man power
Prevention
--Isolation
--Injection (preventive injection) of anti-body vaccination
--Exit and entry parts of China must be alert/ watchful
5. Describe any industry in your region?
--What is it?
--What it produces?
--What are the benefits of having it?
--Explain some problems caused by it?
Classification: primary industry   secondary industry  manufacturing  tertiary (service) industry  heavy/light industry
Benefits: employment  improve the economy  improve research  social development
Problems: pollution  injuries  it can lead to loss of jobs of it is machine mode of production communication  capital intense
6. Classify mass-media?
--what are the types of mass-media?
--what are the basic differences?
--talk about the role of mass-media?
--how can mass-media be controlled?
--what problems do we have as a result of mass-media
Types: videos  TV  newspapers  internet  mobile phone
Roles: information  mobilization  job creation  informal education  advertisement  
Problems: misleading  bias=one-side=stereotype  cause corrupt juvenile delinquency
Classification mass-media: electronic/print  modern/ traditional  entertain/ newspaper
7. Describe any handicraft you made yourself?
--what is it?
--when did you make it?
--what material used in making it?
--how you made it?
--explain how you feel making it?
8. Describe any investment plan you have?
--what is it?
--how you plan to carry it out?
--what are the challenges?
--explain how to overcome it?
--what will you gain because of this plan?
9. Describe any flower you know?
--what is it?
--how it looks like?
--talk about the use of the flower?
--what do you think the importance of flowers?
Decoration  good scent (perfume)  revenue (tulip)  border/ boundary  herb or medicine  flowers can let us know the change of seasons  affection  to the sick or dead  sports awards  can save away insects
10. home/ accommodation
--arrangement style: villa  castle  flat  cottage
--rooms: guest room  
--furniture
--electronics
--use: ranch
--why you like it?
11. Describe any letter you got?
--what letter is it?
--when you received it?
--what’s the content?
--how did you feel after reading it?
--talk about some reading and writing skills you know?
12. What’s the traditional building in your hometown?
--what building is it? Bungalow   
--where is it?
--how it looks like?
--what’s the use of the building?
--why is it different from modern buildings?
Uses: a place of worship (pray)   for sacrifices   tourist site   culture symbol
It has a high roofing   the roof is curved (Dragon on the roof)
It’s rectangular in shape
The door is wide
It’s made of wood or stone or bricks
It’s painted red or yellow
13. What’s your shopping habit?
--the factors that influent your shopping decisions?
--which shopping center do you prefer?
--talk about the reasons you prefer it?
Wishful thinking: 想买，但买不起  center: trust-mart 好又多  wu-mart 物美   
factor: price, need, advertisements promotion, other user’s comment, quality, financial status  
reason: good quality, e-shopping, discount, warranty保修, cheaper price, convenient, discounted goods
14. Talk about any book you have read?
--sth about plot情节, climax, background, theme主题, ending (comic, tragic悲剧, tragic-comic喜忧参半), lesson, influence, anticlimax下降, storyline, character (hero, heroine, people), title, name of the book, conflict, antagonist敌手，protagonist主角，monologue独白，poem, dialogue
Part3
1. How has human beings contributed to the environmental degradation?
Deforestation
Pollution: co-carbon dioxide  solid-waste  grazing
Industrialization/ globalization
2. How has Chinese traditional values changed?
Honest  hardworking  being polite  respect of culture
3. Explain the differences between your hometown. and other places in China.
Differences: diet  landscape   weather   food
Similarities: culture   family values   national dialects
4. Discuss the changing role of women in the society? How can women be empowered?
In the past: procreation  kitchen
Now: bread winner  professional  independent
Ways: education  participation  financial plan
5. Differences between academic skill and scientific skill?
Academic skills: research  story  history
Scientific skills: experiment  data  objective  tested  accuracy
6. What’s the difference between hand-made and machine made crafts?
Mass-production  separation of labor  duplicated  time value
7. Is countryside better than living in the city? Give reasons for your answer or why id diverse rate increasing rapidly in China now?
Misunderstanding，lack of communication (gap)，change in social status，unfaithfulness  concubine小妾，barren不孕，impotent无能的
8. What changes do you think must be carried out in education sector in China?
Lower fees/ tuition    even education   Universal education
9. What are the differences between old and young people in their style of home decoration?
Throw pillow   conservative   craft   electronics   old modern furniture   glass  tiles
Wooden   
专题
Section1  Which products have you seen advertised on TV?
         Do you enjoy watching advertisements?
         What kind of ad. appeals to you?
Section2  Describe an ad. which you have seen?
        --product
        -- What they did in the ad.
        -- What message was the ad. convey?
Section3  False advertisement is allowed?

Section1  Have you ever been on a blind date?
         What is the best way to meet a potential partner?
Section2  Marriage customs in china.
        -- Traditional way of meeting someone
        -- Courtship
        -- Proposal
Section3  Tell me about a Chinese wedding.

Section1  Tell me about your hometown? Where situated? How to get there? Climate?
Section2  How is it different from Hangzhou?
        -- Economy
        -- Living condition
        -- Life-style
Section3  Biggest problem in your hometown?
         How would you improve it?

Section1  Please outline industries in China.
         What technology does China lack?
Section2  Means of transport?
        -- What kind available?
        -- Problem
       -- Solutions
Section3  

Section1  Do you have a camera?
         Do you like taking photos?
Section2  Talk about photography
        -- Why photos important to people?
        -- How changed in past and now?
        -- What is the best way to save photos?
Section3  Do you acceptable to take photos of strangers?

Section1  What’s your favorite season?
         Worst weather you’ve ever encounter?
Section2  global warming
        -- define
        -- causes
        -- effects
Section3  Tell me about any nature disaster
Part1
1. Explain or talk about some historical background/ foundation of your hometown or native land?
Early settlers—ancestors   ruler-ship—kingship dynasty   production method (occupation)—silks painting brush   communal/ arrangement     value system—honesty, respect, family is the center piece, self-control
2. Mention some belief concerning any traditional festival in China?
Double ninth—two opposing principles of nature    go to the mountain       eating cake
Odd—yang—positive—masculine
Even—ying—negative—feminal
Mid-Autumn   
3. What’s your turn on (likes)/ turn off (dislike)?

H-KevinUID: 2182070

谢谢分享:)

是原创吗？

如果是转载需要注明出处 :handshake

金金鱼UID: 2202172

谢谢分享。
同意ls的

IwillbefineUID: 2386602

非常感谢！我得好好看看，听说环球还不错，不过俺没舍得花银子去上课的说……

二貝UID: 3399444

非常感谢~:)