求两阅读新的加试，需要的一起来顶呀～考过的赚RP嘛～

zzrzzrUID: 2357553

近来出了两阅读新的加试
1.电报  2. BIRD SONG

求各位大大记得多少就写多少吧～
也算是赚RP嘛～～～

需要的一起来顶呀～

[ 本帖最后由 zzrzzr 于 2008-8-5 18:11 编辑 ]

sovereignlinUID: 2315553

ding!!! 我晕顶的人很少也，楼主的题目不够吸引人，要指明是新的加试嘛:)

zzrzzrUID: 2357553

改了，大家来顶呀～～

sunweisurreyUID: 2466752

同求~

dmarkUID: 2182893

同求

bonbons2006UID: 2521198

ding

lucky_xiaoyuUID: 2351380

我3号加试的就是BIRD SONG
记得不全， 写多少算多少吧

研究的是鸟儿们怎么学会BIRD SONG及其VARIETY从何而来的
实验表明，simple的patten是遗传下来的
但是variety是受环境影响的（貌似还会带有口音） 即需要跟父母学习
且这种学习仅限于出生后前三个月
大了就不行了
另 如果鸟儿们听不见自己的唱歌时的声音，它们是无法对其进行调整的
最后唱出来的也仅仅是simple patten而已

bmj66UID: 2508200

ding!!!!

deserynaUID: 2480934

第二个bird song的好像是ETS最新发布的模考里的听力，不知道大家做了没有，我把听力原文贴一下吧
Professor
So today we’re gonna talk about song development in birds and how—you may be surprised to know—the songs of most songbird species are learned—not completely instinctual—which is what we used to think…so I’d like to start things off today by, um, centering our discussion on the chaffinch.
The chaffinch is a type of European songbird, and we’re gonna use the chaffinch’s song development as illustrative of songbirds’ song development in general, because many other songbirds follow this same pattern, this pattern of learning songs.
Okay, so soon after hatching, baby chaffinches start producing these, um, begging sounds, begging calls, actually, which basically are a message to the parents saying, “Feed me; feed me.” That’s all for about the first five weeks, until they grow feathers and start getting ready to fly, you know, become fledglings, and then those calls—those begging sounds—are replaced by, uh, well…you know how babies—human babies—you know how they make that…baby…babbling sound? Like little, soft, vocalized…murmurings? Well, that’s pretty much similar to the noises that fledgling chaffinches make at this next stage of development…which is called subsong…
“Subsong” makes sense, right, because “sub” means “below,” and so the subsong is…uh, below, or…happens before their mature song, right? It’s an immature, or underdeveloped song, a baby song. Make sense?
Okay, now, they’re not begging for food anymore with the subsong. So what do you figure they’re making these soft murmurings for? Well, it’s at this stage—what we call early subsong—that, and this is important, the chaffinch’s subsong begins to provide auditory feedback from which the chaffinch learns, and so...self-learning is taking place, because the fledgling hears itself calling out, hears the sounds it’s making, you know, hears, hears its subsong, and so, it’s kinda’ comparing it to the parent’s song and so self-learning is taking place, um, through this process…get it?…
Alright. Now, as the chaffinch gets a little older, it enters into what could be called late subsong where parts of its subsong start sounding more and more like its parent’s song,
and we have the next step in song development taking place in late subsong, that is, the introduction of plastic song within the subsong--plastic song referring to—I don’t have to write that on the board, do I?
—referring to the parts of the subsong that sound like the parent’s song.
Plastic song. Does that sound a little strange to you? Well, keep in mind that “plastic” has, um, formative implications, you know, it can mean, like, growth, or development into something
…like what the chaffinch’s song is doing…it’s developing into its parent’s song…it’s, uh, not quite fully realized yet—it doesn’t sound precisely like its parent’s song—remember this is still the subsong stage we’re talking about—but it’s on its way, the fledgling is still learning, imitating parts of its parent’s song, just not quite the whole thing yet.
So. The fledgling gets older and now it’s winter, and during the winter, the young chaffinch doesn’t practice its singing. But in the spring, the chaffinch starts back up again, singing and practicing, and this time there is more of an emergence of plastic song, ah…a stronger presence of it within the subsong, and so thereby, the parent’s song is growing increasingly more recognizable and distinct, follow? Then, after about a month, the young chaffinch’s song crystallizes into what’s called full song—the, um, exact song the adults sing. So full song’s, uh, a full-blown imitation of the adult song. Alright?
Now what’s interesting is that chaffinches are able to complete this process, even from only a short exposure to their parents’ song. Exposure during the first few weeks of life is really all they need, and after that they can remember it, even though they need quite a bit of practice to produce it accurately themselves. So the theory is that there is a sensitive period in the chaffinch’s early life, its early development, a special sensitive period during which it learns what its song should sound like. So chaffinches, um, along with many other birds, learn songs early in life, and when they become adults, they don’t change their songs—it’s a copy of the parents’ song, like we said, okay?


希望对大家做阅读有点帮助

zzrzzrUID: 2357553

真的一样？ 各位来看看～～

dmarkUID: 2182893

顶起来
只能等考过的同学来鉴定一下了

lovepeeUID: 2273117

加试全改了嘛？阅读和听力都变了嘛？那以前的还考嘛？

zzrzzrUID: 2357553

可能不了～

jiaming-aUID: 2491650

帮忙顶一下， 希望更多牛人提供信息~ 尤其是电报的

雪羽酒UID: 2515193

ets 发布的最新模考在哪里可以找到呢？ 我发觉自己只是做OG, DALTA, BARRON这种，最新消息在哪里看一点都不知道。。。:eek: