开帖做听写~旧托part C 93篇

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听写 听写~~~
欢迎大家加入。。。

05(08.07.27)
Thank you, it's great to see so many of you interested in this theory/series on survive/survival in outer space, please excuse the cameras. We’ve/’re been/being videotaped for the local TV stations.
Tonight I’m going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival- the space suit.
When most of you imagine the/anastronaut, that’s probably the first thing that comes to mind, right?
Well, without space suits, it will not be possible for us to survive in space, for example, outer space is a vacuum, there is no gravity or air pressure, without protection, our/abody will/would explode. What’s more, we'll/’d cook in the sun or freeze in the shade.
With temperatures ranging from a toasty 300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit.
The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life size image of an actual space suit worn by astronautson the last space shuttle mission.
This part is the tall show/torso. It’s made of 7 extremely durable layers, this thick insulation protectsagainst this temperature extremes and radiation.
Next is what they call a bladder of oxygen, that's an inflatable set/sacfilled of oxygen to simulate atmosphericpressure, this bladder press against the body, with the same force of/as the Earth’satmosphere of zero/at sea level.
The innermost layers provider liquid cooling and ventilation.
Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement so we can walk/work.
Another really sophisticatedpart of the space suit is the helmet. I’m now going/ brought one alongto show you.  Can I have a volunteercome and demonstrate?

06(08.07.27)
Good evening, my name is Pam Jones. And on behalf of the modern dance club, I’d like to welcome you to tonight’s program. The club is pleasedto present the TV version of the Katherine hill/Catherine Wheel, twilight/Twyla Tharp’s rock ballet. This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production. It includes some animation, slow motion and stop action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance. The title of the piece refers to see/ Saint Catherine, who died on the/a whill/wheel in 307 AD. Nowadays aCatherine wheel is also a kind of firework. It looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks. You’ll see how twilight/Twyla Tharp explodes/exploresone family’s attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see how/ifyou will/can figure it out. The music of/forthis piece is full of the rude make/rhythmic energy of rock music. It was composed by David Ben/Byrne, of the rock band talking heads? And the lead dancer in this version is/was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited the/to Tharp’sadventurous choreography. Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolismMs Sera/Tharp abuse/used. We hope you can stay for that. So enjoy tonight’s video and thank you for your support.

07(08.08.04)
In our lab today, we will be testing the hypothesisthat babies can count as early as 5 months of age. The 6 babies here are all less than 6 months old. You will be watching them on close circuit TV in/andmeasuring their responses. The experiment is based on the well-established observation that babies stare longer if they don’t see what they expect to see. First we are going to let 2 dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will see the 2 dolls disappear behind the/a screen. Your job is to record in seconds how long the babies stare at the dolls when the screen is removed. In the next stage, 2 dolls will again move in front of the babies and disappear but then a third doll will follow. When the screen is removed, the babies will only see 2 dolls. If we were/we’re right, the babies will now stare longer because they expect 3 dolls but only see 2. It seems remarkable to think that such young children can count. My own research has convinced me that they have this ability from birth. But if/whether they do or not, perhaps we should raise another question. Should we take advantage of this ability by teaching them/children mathematic in/at such a young age? They have great untapped potential. But it is/is it good for parents to pressure young children?

08(08.08.05)
Before starting our tour in/of Monticello, I’d like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see todayeven more. Monticello is/was the very much loved tone/homeof Thomas Jefferson for over 50 years. Jefferson, who was of course president, was also a great leader and language enthusiast. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasn’t formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming the estateMonticello, which means little mountain in Italian. In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from Italian architect Andrea Palladio, who lived in the 16th century and who had a great influence on the architecture in England. Jefferson, however, ignored what/one of Palladio’s principles, that is, not to build in a high place. Monticello’s elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house, for example, food, especially difficult. But the view from the estatewould not be as spectacular as/if Jefferson had followed Palladio’s advice. There really is no boundary between the house and the nature around it, and so Jefferson was able to look out on his beloved state of Virginia from this/hiswonderful vantagepoint. Now we’llgo on to Jefferson’s library.

09(08.08.05)
Now that we’ve all introduced ourselves to the new members. Let’s get down to work. As the committee in charge of this year’s tree planning project, we have several items on the/ouragenda. First, we have to review the budget. The president has informed me that the trusty/trustees had/have set aside 3000 dollars for the purchase of trees. And our environmental T-shirt sale made/netted a profit of 1500 dollars. Second, we have to finalize the choice of trees. As you know, we are working with Richard and/Richardson’s nursery again this years since everyone seems/seemedpleased with the work he did for us last year. Mr. Richardson has presented us with several choices without/within our price rings/range that they/he thinks will/would meet our needs. He’s sent us a picture/pictures of the treesfor us to look at, but he wanted me to tell you that we’ll/we’rewelcome to visit the nursery who/if we wants/want to see the trees themselves. Lastly, we have/need to plan some kind of ceremony to commemorate the planning. Several ideas including a garden party or some sort has/have been suggested, so let’s get down with them/it and turn to the first round/order of business.

10(08.08.06)

Welcome to the foreign/four windshistorical farm, we are/wheretraditions of the past of/are preservedfor visitors like you. Today our master featurers/thatcherswill begin giving this barn behind me are/a sturdy feature/thatchedroof, able to withstand heavy winds and last up to a hundred years. How does/dothey do it? Well, in our/a next show/nutshell, featuring/thatchinginvolves covering the beans/beams or rafters, the wooden skeleton of the roof, with reeds or straw. Our thatchershere have harvested their own materials for the tube/job. The bum/bundlesof water reeds, you see line/lying over there beside the barn. Thatchingis certainly uncommon in the United States today; I guess that’s why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn’t always that way. In the 17th century, the colonies here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just say a dunnig/as they had done in England, After a while then/though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles, because wood was so plentiful, and eventually, other roofing material like stone, slate and clay tiles came into use. It’s a real shame that most people today don’t realize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofscan survive winds up to 110 miles per hour, that’s because straw and reeds are so flexible. They bend but don’t break in the wind like other materials can. Another advantage is that the roofskeep the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter, and then of course there’s the roofs’longevity. The average of/is6 years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all these reasons to start thatching roofs again, wouldn’t it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?

11(08.08.09)

A lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developed/developing to introduce premium specially blooded/ blended coffee known as gourmet coffees into the American market. Boston seems to have been the first place/birthplace of this trend. In fact, major gourmet coffee merchants from other cities like Seattle and San Francisco came to Boston, where today they are engaged in a kind of coffee war with Boston’smerchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market. Surprisingly, the competition among these major/leading gourmet coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Expertspredict that the gourmet coffee market in the United States is growing and will continue to grow to the point that gourmet coffee will soon capture half of what is now a 1.5 million dollar market and will be an 8 million dollar market by 1999. Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who converge/convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back to the regular brands found in supermarkets. As a results, these brands will be the real losers in the gourmet coffee competition.

12（08.08.10）

You may remember that a few weeks ago, we discussed the question of what photography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Does/Dophotographsbelong in museums, or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a person who try/tried to make his professional life an answer to such questions. Alferd Stieglitzwent from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there, he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures under conditions that most photographers consider too difficult: he took them at night, in the rain, and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States, he continued this/these revolutionary efforts. Stieglitzwas the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds, and views from the airplane. What S was trying to do in his/thesephotographs is/was what he try/tried to do throughout his life, make photography an art. He thought/feltthat photography could be just as good a form as/of self expression as painting or drawing. For S, his camera was his brush. For/Whilemany photographers of the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images. S saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prince/prints or made copies of them. If he was in this classroom today, I’m sure he’d say: well, painters don’t normally make extra copy/copies of their paintings, students/do they?

13(08.08.10)

So, uh, as James/Jim said, James Pole/Polkwas the 11th president. And well, my report is about the next president, ZacharyTaylor. Taylor was elected in 1849. It’s surprising because well, he was the first president that didn’t have any previous political experience. The main reason that he was chosen as a candidate was because he was a war hero. In the army, his men called him old rough and ready. I guess because his rough ediss/edges, he was kind of blunt and he didn’t really look like a military hero. He liked to do things like wear well service/civilianclothes and set/instead of auniform even in battle, and he was so short and plump that he had to be lifted onto his horse.  But he did win a lot of battles and he became more and more popular. So the weak/Whigparty decided to nominate him for the presidency even though no one know/knew anything about where he stood on the issues. I couldn’t find much about his accomplishments probably because he was only in office in/about a year and a half before he died. But one thing, he pushed for the development of the transcontinental railroad because he though it was important to formal/form a link with the rest/west coast. There were/was a lot of well things/wealth in California and Oregon from commons/commerce or/and minerals and stuff. Also, he established an agriculture bureau and/inthe department of the entireer/Interior and promoted more government in/aid to agriculture. Well, that’s about all I found. Like I said, he died in office in 1850, so his vice president took over, and that’s the next report, so thank you.

14(08.08.10)

I want to welcome each and every balloon enthusiast in Philadelphia. Thank you for coming here this morning to commemorate the first balloon voyage in the United States. On January 9th, 1793 at 10 o’clock in the morning. A self/silk balloon lifted into the sky above the city, which was at the time the capital of the country. According to the original records of the flight, the voyage lasted 46 minutes, from its departure in Philadelphia, to its landing across the Delaware River in New Jersey. Though our pilots today will try to approximate the original landing site, there/they are at the mercy of the winds so who knows where they will drift off to. Even the balloonist in 1793 experienced somewhat/some uncertain weather that day: there were clouds, fog and mist in every/variousdirections.  Our reenactment promised/promises to be nothing unless/lessthan spectacular. The yellow balloon directly behind me is five stories high, it’s inflated with helium, unlike the original which was filled with hydrogen. And unbeknownstto the pilot, potentially explosive. Guess the/Gas-filledmodels are putting/pretty on common/uncommonnow because of the extremely high cost.  So the 80 other balloons in today’s launch are high there/hot air, heated by putting/propaneburners. These balloons are from all over the country.

15(08.08.13)

I’m glad you brought up the question over/of our investigations into the makeup of the earth’s interior. In fact, since this is the type/topicof your reading assignment for next time, let me spend this/these a/last few minutes for/ofclass talking about it. There were several important discoveries in the early part of this century that helpedgeologists develop a more accurate picture of the earth’sinterior. The first key discovery has/had to do with size squeve/seismic waves. Remember, they are the vibrations caused by earthquakes. Well, scientists found that they traveled thousands of miles through the earth’s interior. This finding enabled geologists to study the inner parts of the earth. You see, the/these studies revealedthat these vibrations were oftwo types: compression or p waves, and shear ors waves. And researchers found that p waves travel both liquids and solids, while s waves travel only through solid matter. In 1906, a British geologist discovered that p waves sloweddown at a certain depth but kept traveling deeper, on the other hand, s waves either disappeared or were reflected back, so he concluded that the depth might/marked the boundary because/betweenthe solid mantle and the/a liquid core. 3 years later, another boundary was discovered, that between the mantle and the earth’s crust. There are/There’s still a lot to be learned about the earth, for instance, geologists know that the core is hot, evidence of this is the molten lava that flowsout of volcanoes. But we are still not sure what the source of the heat is.

[ 本帖最后由 西凉 于 2008-8-13 11:40 编辑 ]

hyacinthUID: 2184492

加油~~ ;d:

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谢版主~~~

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16(08.08.13)

Today we’re going to practice and evaluate/evaluatingthe main tool used when in dressing/addressing groups: the voice. There are three main elements that combine to create either a positive or negative experience for listeners. They can result in a voice that is pleasing to listen to and can be used effectively, or, they can create a voice that doesn’t hold attention, or even worse, causes an adversary/adverse reaction. The three elements are volume, pitch and pace. When evaluating volume, keep in mind that a good speaker will adjust to the size of both the room and the audience. Of course with an amplifyingdevice like a microphone, the speaker can use a natural tone, but speakersshould not be depended/dependenton microphones. A good speaker can speak loudly without shouting. The second element, pitch, is related to the highness or lowness of the sound. High pitches are for most people more difficult to listen to, so in general, speakers should use the low registers of their voice. During the/apresentation, it’s important to vary pitch to some extend/extentin order to maintain interest. The third element, pace, that is how fast or low words or sounds are articulated, should also be varied. A slower pace can be used to emphasis important points, knew/note that the time spend/spent not speaking can be meaningful too. Pauses ought to be used to signal transitions or create anticipation, because the/a pause gives the listenerstime to think what was just said, or even to predict what might come next. It can be very effective when moving from one topic to another. What I’dlike you to do now is watch and listen to a video tape, and use the forms I give/gave you to read/ratethe speaking voicesyou hear, then tonight I want you to go home and read a passage into a tape recorder and evaluate your own voice.

Even-10UID: 2372486

强帖要顶~~！学习，学习......

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17(08.08.13)

Let’s proceed to the main exhibit hall, and look at some of the actual vehiclesthat haveplayed a primary/prominentrole in speeding up mail delivery. Consider how long it used to take to send a letter across a relatively short distance. Back in the 1600’s, it took 2 weeks on horse back to get a letter from Boston to New York. It is sense/ a distance ofabout 260 miles. Crossinga river was also a challenge, fair/ferryservice was so irregular that a carrier was/would sometimes wait hours just to catch a ferry. For journeys inland there is/was always the state/stage coach but the ride was by no means comfortable because it had to be shared with other passengers. The post office was pretty ingenious by some words/about some routes.In the 19 century in the south western dessert for instance, camels were brought in to help get the mails through, in the last/Alaskareindeer were used, this practice was discontinuedbecause of the disagreeable tempo/temperamentof the/theseanimals. We’ll stop here a minute so you can enter this replica of the/arailway mail car. It was during the age of the iron horse that delivery really startedto pick up in fact the United States transported most box/bulk mail by train for nearly 100 years. The first air mail service didn’t start until 1918. Please set/takea few momentsto look around, I hope you’ll enjoy your tour and as you continue on your own may I suggest you visit our impressive philatelic collection. Not only can you look at some ofthe more than usual/unusual step/stamps issues, but there’s an interesting exhibit on how stamps are made

这篇错好多啊~~

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18(08.08.13)

Most people think of astronomers as people who spend their time in cold observatories peering through telescope every night. In fact, a typical astronomer spends most of his or her time analyzing data and they/may only be at the telescope a few weeks of the year. Some astronomers work on purely theoreticalproblems and never use a telescope at all. You might not know how rarely images are viewed directly through telescopes. The most common way to observe the sky/skiesis to photograph them. The process is very simple. First, a photographic plate is located/coatedwith a light sensed/sensitivematerial. The plate is positioned so thatthe image received by the telescope is recorded on it. Then the image can be developed, enlarged and published so that many people can study it. Because many astronomical objects are very remote, the light we receive from them is rather feeble. But by using a telescope with/asa camera, long time explosion/exposures can be made. In this way, objects can be photographed that are a hundred times too faint to be seen by just looking through a telescope.

[ 本帖最后由 西凉 于 2008-8-18 21:42 编辑 ]

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19(08.08.13)

Before we start our first lab, I’d like to tell you a little bit about the workbook will/we’llbe using. The first thing I’d like to point out is that the workbook contains a very large amount of material, far more than you can/could ever handle in a single semester. What you are supposed to do is choose the experiments and activities thatyou want to do, within a certain framework of course. Part of my job is to help you make your choices. Next, I’d like to mention that in each workbook chapter there are usually 2 subsections. The first is called experiments and the second is called activities. In the experiments section, the workbook gives full instructions for all the experiments including all the/alternate procedures. Choose the procedure you wish, there’s plenty of equipment available. In the activity/activities section, you will find suggestions for projects that you can do on your own time. You’ll see that there are usually no detailed instructions for the activities. You are supposed to do them your own way. If there is/are no questions, let’s turn to chapter one now.

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20(08.08.13)

Do you have trouble sleeping at night? Then maybe this is for you. When you worry about needing sleep and toss and turn trying to find a comfortable position, you’re probably only making matters worse. What happens when you do that, is that your heart right/rate actually in crisis/increases, making it more difficult to relax. You may also have some bad habits that contribute to the problem. Do you rest frequently during the day? Do you get virtually know/noexercise, or do you exercise strenuously late in the day? Are you preoccupied with sleep, or do you sleep late on weekends? Any or all of these factors might be leading to your insomnia by disrupting your body’s natural rhythm. What should you do then on those sleepless nights? Don’t bother with sleeping pills. They can actually cause worse insomnia later. The best thing to do is drink milk, or eat cheese, or tuna fish. These are all rich in a meanow asses/amino acidsand help produce the/a neurotransmitter in the bring/brain and/that produce/induces sleep. These/This neurotransmitter will help you relax and you will be on your way to getting a good night’ssleep. Until tomorrow’s broadcast, this has been another inner/ in the series, hints for good health.

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21(08.08.18)

Today we’llexamine the role that private transportation, namely the automobile, plays in city planning. A number of sociologists blame the automobile for the decline of the downtown areas of major cities. In the 1950’s and the 1960’s, the automobile made it possible to work in the city and yet live in the suburbs many miles away. Shopping patterns changed. Instead of patronizing downtown stores, people in the suburbs went to large shopping malls outside the city and closer to home. Merchants in the cities/city failed and their stores closed. Downtown shopping areas became deserted. In recent years, there has been a reburst/rebirth of the downtown areas, as many suburbanites has/havemovedback to the city. They’ve done this of course to avoid highways clogged with commuters from the suburbs. I’ve chosen this particular city planning problem, our dependence on private transportation to discuss in groups, I’m hoping you all will come up with some innovativesolutions. Oh, and don’t approach the problem from a purely sociological perspective, try to take into account environmental and economic issues as well.

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22(08.08.18)

Welcome through/Word comes fromCalifornia of some/a new weapon in the war on household is past/pests. Two scientists working for at home/a firm in Anaheim, California have developed a method to eliminated insects without using dangerous chemicals. The new poison? Hot air. The basic idea is that insectscannot adjust to temperaturesmuch above normal. In laboratory experiments, cockroaches and termitescan’t survive muchmore than a quarter and/ofan hour at 125 degrees Fahrenheit, or about 50 degrees centigrade. The new method involves covering a house with a huge tent and filling it with air heated to around 65 degrees centigrade. Hot air is forced with defense/fans and the tent keeps the heat inside the house. Sincetermitestry to escape by hiding in wooden beams, the heattreatment must be continued by 6 hundred hours.Since try to escape wooden beams, the heat must be for a full six hours. But when it’s all over and the insects is/aredead, there are no toxic residues to dangerous/endanger to human or pets and no funny smells. Scientists claim that there are/is no danger of fire, either,since very few household materials will burn at 65 degrees centigrade.In fact, what/wood is prepared for construction use by drying it in ovens at 80 degree centigrade, — which is substantially hotter than the air used in this procedure.

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23(08.08.22)

I’m sure you realize that your research papers are doing/due in 6 weeks. I’ve looked at your proposed topics and made comments about them. The most frequent problem with/was proposing too broad a topic. Remember, this is only a 15-page paper. As I return your topic papers, I’d like to look over the scheduleswhich sketches out what will/we’lldo during the next 2 weeks. Today’s Monday, by Friday, I want your preliminary outline. Please be sure to incorporate the suggestions I’ve made on your topics in your outlines. Next week, I’ll have a conference with each of you. I’ve post a schedule on my office tour/door. Sign your name to indicate the time you’re available for an appointment. In the conference, we’ll discuss your preliminary outline. Then you can make the necessary revisions and hand in your final outline which is do/due 2 weeks from today. Use the outline style in your textbook, and remember it should be no more than two pages long. Be sure to begin with the/athesis statement, that is, with the/a precise statement of the point you intend to prove, and include a conclusion. Have you got all that? Your 2 page preliminary outlines will do/are due within/at the end of this week, and the final outlines are do/dueafter your conferences, follow the textbook style and include a thesis statement and a conclusion.

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25(08.08.27)
In today's class, we'll be examining some 19 century pattern books that were used for building houses. I think it's there/fair to say that these pattern books were the most important influence on the design of north western/American houses during the 19th century. This was because most  people who wanted to build a house couldn't afford to hire an architect. Instead, they bought a  pattern book, picked out a plan and took it to the builder, the difference it/in cost is substantial. In 1870, for example, hiring an architect would've cost about 100 dolllars, at the same time, a pattern book writen by an architect cost only 5 dollars. At that price, it's easy to see why pattern books were so popular. Some are back in print again today. And of course, they cost a lot more than they did 100 years ago. But they are an invaluable resource for historians, and also for people who restore old houses. I have a modern reprint here that I'll be passing around the room in the moment, so that everyone could/can have a look.


26(08.08.27)

When I was in British Columbia learns to live/last July, working at the department's archaeological dig, I saw the weirdest rainbow.At first I can't/could't believe my eyes, because the bands of color I saw weren't in a single half circle arc across the sky. Instead, I saw a four/full-circle of rainbow hues hanging in the sky just above the sea. Inside the circle, there was a big white disc, and above the circle, there was another round band of colors forming a halo, there were curved legs of multicolored light coming off the sides of the circles.  It was an incredible site/sight, I ran back to our main camp and tried to get my/our cook to come with me to see the/my fantastic find before it disappered, he just laughed at my excited story, and told me that what I saw was nothing special, just some sundogs, he said I'd be sure to see many more before I left, and sure enough, I did. When I got back for the date/  from the dig , I asked a professor Clark for/about the sun dogs. And she's going to tell us more about them.

27(08.08.27)
It seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are, just finishing my first year of medical school, and wondering if i'd ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on the real life/live patient. Well, I have good news for you. You don't have to wait until your third or fourth year of medical school to get some hands on experience. The dean has invited me here to tell you about the university's rural oppotunities/opportunity program. If you enroll in this program, you can have the opportunity this summer, after your first year of medical school. To spend from 4 to 6 weeks observing and assisting a real physician, like me , in a small rural community. You won't have to compete with other students for time and attention. And you can see what life of/as a country doctor is really like. The program was designed to encourage medical students like yourselves to consider career and/in rural community/communities that are still understaffed. It seems that medical students are free/afraid to go into rural family practice for 2 reasons.  First,  they don't know much about it, and second, specialists in the cities usually make more money. But on the opposit/up-side, in rural pratice, doctors can really get to know their patients, and they are/be respected members of the community. I participated in the program when it first started and spend/spent 6 weeks in the/a small rural town. Let me tell you, it was really great, I got to work with real patients, I watched the birth of a child, assisted in/an accident victim, and had a lot/lots of really practical hands on experience, all in one summer, and to my surprise, I found the/that country life has a lot to offer that the city life doesn't. No pollution or traffic jams, for instance. My experience make/made me want what/where I'm needed and appreciate it/appreciated. I don't miss the city at all!

28(08.08.27)
In the few minutes that remain in today's class, I'd like to discuss next week's schedual with you. Because I'm presenting a papar at a conference in Detroit onThursday, I won't be here for either Wendnesay's or Friday's class. I will however be here for Monday's. Next Friday, a week from today, is the mid-term exam, marking the half way point in the semester. Professor Andrews has agreed to administer the exam. In place of the ususal Wednesday class, I've arranged an optional review section/session. Since it is optional, attendance will nor be taken. However, attending the class would be a good idea for those worried about the mid term. So remember, optional class next Wednesday. Mid-term, Friday.

29(08.08.27)
Today's lecture will center on prehistoric people of the Nevada dessert. Now most of thes/these prehistoric dessert people moved across the countryside throughout the year. You might think that they are wandering aimlessly. Far from it, they actually followed a series of carfully planned moves . Where they moved depended on where food was available. Places where plants were ripening or fishes were spawning. Now often, when these people moved, they carried all their possesions on their backs, but if the journey was long, extra food and tools were sometimes stored in caves or beneath rocks. One of these caves are/is now an exciting archaeological site , beyond a/its small opening is a huge underground grotto.. Even though the cave is very large, it was certanly too dark and dusty for the travelers to live in. But it was a great place to hide things, and tremendous amounts of food supplies and artifacts have been found there. The food includs dried fish, seeds and nuts. The artifacts include stone spear points and knives. The spear points are acturally rather small. Here's a picture of some that were found, you can see their size in relation to the hands holding them.

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32(08.08.30)
Good afternoon, I’m here today to talk to you about a career with our airline. We’re especially interested in recruiting people to fill openingsfor flying/flight attendance/attendants. First of all, to work as a fly/flight attendance/attendant with us, you must be expected/accepted into our training program. And with so many people applying, it’s not easy to be selected. From the thousands of applications that we received annually, we choose fewer than the/athousand people for training. So we require experience serving the public. And it also helps if you’ve bring/earned some college credits. Also, not everybody who gets accepted into the training program makes it through. The course need/meets 60/6 days a week for 5 weeks. The training includes extensiveclassroom work in such subjects as first date/aid, and passenger psychology, as well as practical training in flight procedures and meal service. A lot of our graduates said/say that our flight attendance/attendants develop the skills of a nurse, a headwaiter and a public relations executive. But, as a flight attendant myself, I can say that all of the hard work is worth it. Of course, I get to travel throughout the country. And the airline pays all of my expenses while I’m away from the/my base station. And what I like best of all is that I’ve made friends with people from all over the country.

33(08.08.30)
Today I want to talk about the earth’s last major climatic shift at the end of the last ice age. But first, let expect for/back up a moment and review what we know about climatic change in general. First, we defined climate as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time. In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters the earth’satmosphere as light and it/is radiates above/by the earth’s surface as heat. Land, water and ice, each affect this energy exchange differently. The system is so complex that, today/to date, our best computer models are only conclude/crude approximations. And are not sophisticated enough to test hypotheses about the causes of climatic change. Of course, that doesn’t keep us from speculating. Foe instance, vocalic activity is one mechanism that might affect climatic change. When large volcanoes erupt, they disperse tons of particles into the upper atmosphere where the particles there/then reflected light. Since last/less light is entering the system of energy exchange, the result would be a cooling of the earth’s surface. Of course, this is just one possiblemechanism of global climate change. In all probability a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisms operating at the same time.

34(08.08.30)
I know you’re anxious to get your permits to/and get started, but there are just a few things I’d like to mention that might help you avoid trouble during your stay. First of all, make sure you carry adequate water, you’ll need it if you’re hiking especially in this heat. A good rule of thumb is to bring one gallon, per person per day this time of year. Don’t try to rely on the park’s natural spring to supply all your water needs, and please, do not use soap in the springs. It is your responsibility to protect the park’s natural features. For those of you staying beyond the weekend, make sure that you set up camp well away from dry quick belts/creekbeds. We may get some rainfall and those quick belts /creekbeds will/could quickly become filled of/with water. And you and all your equipment might end up washed downstream. When you pick up your permits, you’ll also get out/apark services booklet, it will tell you everything you need to know about the hiking trails. They vary in lank/length of course, but most of them are under 5 miles, relatively easy day hikes. Remember, if you are hiking sole/solo, make sure you let someone know your/you’regoing and when they can expect you back. And, for your own safety, we recommend that you not climb rock faces. A lot of the rock throughout the park is very unstable. One final word, watch out for poisonous snakes. Rattle snake activity is at its peak this time of year, especially at night. Whenever you goes/For your own good, we recommend wearing protective clothing. And carry a flash light after dark.

35(08.08.30)
Last week, we talked about Anne Bradstreet as/and the role of women in the purity economies/Puritan colonies.Today, I want to talk about some other women who’ve contributed to American history, some famous and some not so famous. The first woman I’d like to talk about is Molly Pitcher. Those of you who are familiar with the name may know her as the/a hero of the American Revolution. But in fact, there never was a woman named Molly Pitcher. Her real name was actually Molly/MaryLudwig Hays. She got the nick name Molly Pitcher, for her excess/acts of bravery during the Revolutionary war. As the story goes, when Mary’s or Molly’s husband John Hays, in listed/enlisted of/in theartillery. Mary followed, like many other wives did. She helped out doing washing and cooking for the soldiers. She was known to be a pretty, unusual woman. She smoked a pipe and should/chewed tobacco. Anyway, in the summer of 1778, at the battle of Monmouth, it was a blistering hot day, maybe over 100 degrees, and 50 soldiers died of thirst during the battle. Molly wasn’t contend/content to stay back at camp, instead, she ran through gunshots and cannon fier/fire, carrying water in pitchers from a small stream, out to the thirsty American soldiers. The relief that she brought with her pitchers of water, gave her the legendary nickname: Molly Pitcher. The story also said/says that she continued to load and fire her husband’s cannonafter he was wounded. They say she was so well liked by the other soldiers that they called her Sarge /Sergeant Molly. In fact, legend had it that George Washington himself gave her the special military title.

36(08.08.30)
Today we’re going to talk about shyness and discuss recent research on ways to help children learn to interact socially. Many people consider themselves shy, in fact, 40 percent of people who took part in our service/survey said they were shy. That’s 2 out of every 5 people. And there are studies to indicate that the tendency toward shyness maybe inherited. But just because certain children are timid, doesn’t mean they are doomed to be shy forever. There are things parents, teachers and the children themselves can do to overcome this tendency, and even to prevent it. One researcher found that if parents gently push their shy children to try new things, they can help these children become less afraid and less inhibited. Another way to help shy children is to train them in social skills. For example, there are special training groups where children are taught things like looking at other children while talking to them, talking about other people’s interests, and even smiling. These groups have been very successful in giving shy children a place to feel safe and accepted, and that/at building up their self esteem.  

西凉UID: 2412612

37(08.08.30)
We’ve just seen 2 contemporary large birds that cannot fly, the emu and the ostrich, over here is an interesting specimen from the past, this stop/stuffed animal is not the giant penguin as it appears to be, but an auk. This particular kind of auk is very rare. Only 37 /78skins are known to exist. And most are not preserved as well as this one. The great auk, as you can see, was rather a/a ratherlarge bird, and it couldn’t fly, either. However, evidence suggests that the auk was an excellent swimmer and diver. Unfortunately, those abilities did not protect it from being easy prey for hungrysailors who use a goal/years ago who sailed the very cold and often icy waters of Greenland, Iceland and Scotland. In fact, records indicate that the auk was rather tasty and that its eggs, excuse me, that its eggs and feathers were useful as well. Still it isn’t clear what other factors lead to the big bird’s demise around 1844, the last time anyone reported had seen/seeingone. Of course we believe it’s important to take extra precautions to preserve the remaining grade/great oxegens,/auk skins. After all, this specimen should prove invaluable for future scientific research. Does anyone have any questions, before we move on to our next bird exhibit?

38（08.08.31）
I’d like to begin by thanking Doctor King/Kane for inviting me to be here today. Although I’m not a geologist, I have been collecting minerals for years. My collection is really diverse because I’ve traveled all over the world to find them. Today I’ve brought a few specimens for you to see. After I discuss each one, I’ll pass it around so that you can look at it more closely. As you know, thelsbar /feldsparsis/are the most abundant minerals, and are divided into a number of types. These first samples are author clasis /orthoclases,notice that they vary in color from white, to pink, to red. This glassy one is found in volcanic rock. In fact, I found it in New Mexico on a collecting trip. This next sample that I’ll pass around is a microcline mineral, also called amazonstone. You can identify it by its bright green color. It’s often used in jewelry and really it’s/is quite attractive. These final samples are all plagioclase feldspar, many plagioclasesare very rare, so I’m particularlyproud of the variety of/inmy collection. I’ve also brought some/a fewslides of some larger mineral samples, and if you’ll turn on/out the light now, I’d like to show them to you.

39(08.08.31)
Welcome to Yellow Stone National Park. Before we begin our nature walk today, I’d like to give you a short history of our national park service. The national park service began in the late 1800’s, a small group of explorers had just completed a month-long exploration of the region that is now yellow stone. They gathered around the camp fire and after hours of discussion, they decided that they should not claim this land for themselves. They felt it should be accessible to everyone. So they began a campaign to preserve this land for everyone’senjoyment. Two years later, in the late 19th century, an active/act of congress signed by president Ulysses S.Grant, proclaimed the yellow stone region a public park. It was the first national park in the world, after yellow stone became a public park, many other areas of great scene /scenic of component /importance were set aside. And in 1916, the national park service was established to manage these parks. As a park ranger, I am an employee of the national park service. In the/a national park, park rangers are on duty at all times to answer questions and help visitors in any difficulty. They/Naturewalks, guide a/guidedtourist/tours, and campfire talksare offered by specially trained staff members. The park service also protects the animals and plants within the parks.