0910G[Splendid Sun]第二次作业 BY riow

riowUID: 2501383

总算写完了，困死我了～～
Issue144"It is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value.


Although the artists give society mountains of valuable works, we can'tsimply deny the value critics bring to us. That's because, withartists' work as prerequisite, critics can dig for deeper meaning.Further more, on some occasion, critics can create additional valuewhich has not been concluded into the art work due to the background ofthe time. However, unlike the external effect of artists' work,critics' value are all too often ignored or even negated for itsrecessive character.

I concede it is the artists who work to give vitality to their artproduct, which is the foundation. With inferior works, one can hardlygives perfect illumination however hard he tries. Besides, artsproducts, which are made up with devoted efforts and intelligence ofthe author, gives much evocation to the public by itself, which is alsothe main purpose of its creation. Hence we should acknowledge andapprove the artists' labor.  

  Meanwhile, as it is stated above, what critics do shoud not benegated for its long lasting value neither.Critics evoke the thought ofa certain art work by playing a leading role in digging the deeper'lasting value' in it. [加例子……]Consequentlydeeper thought returns a richer harvest that is not recognized before.On that degree, critics do bring value to us by their insight into thepiece of art, which is regarded as great value contributed by critics.


For their existence, critics make people concentrate more on art,rather than ignore it. With more people focusing on the art, hence morefamiliarity to the art, art's influence to the society is greatlypromoted. Therefore the developments of art progress rapidly. Let'ssay, Roger Fry as a critic, described by the art historian KennethClark as "incomparably the greatest influence on taste since Ruskin",advocated a more recent developments in French painting, to which hegave the name Post-Impressionism. To some degree, as it is said, thepublic taste was changed by Roger Fry.

After that, as it's stated at the beginning, critics also brings valuesdirectly. For example, critics may find some potiential values, whichwas hidden before, but then come into being with the changes of times,values, aesthetic tendencies. These values, due to the objectivelimitations, was not clearly recognised by artists or even not theoriginal purpose of the author, which also has great instructiveness.[例子例子]

In addition, even when a critic is critisizing against a piece of artwork, which is often the fact, it is of great meaning for enlighten thefuture generations, for their negative criticism can be a reference forthe future artistic creation. So this is also a significant valuebrought by critics, who cannot be substituted by artists or any otherpeople.

Nevertheless, we can't negate there're unsuitable criticism hasnegative on art development. But they are minorities, as in everygroups of people exists undesirable person. Overall critics can bring alot of thought and, hence, values on the foundation of original artwork.

例子都还没怎么搜集， 这个周注定是要与例子纠结的一个周啊

riowUID: 2501383

ISSUE131"The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society

虽然我们生活在这个科学而理性的社会里，但不可不认，艺术，这个有着古老的历史与丰富内含的领域对人们有着不可替代的作用。因为艺术可以提示the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses.

1，艺术反应了人类历史，也包括人类科学的进程 the impulses of our society.这种作品如，三国演义、xxx（例子真弱啊），它在这方面有着自己的独特优势：虽然不同到历史教科书的客观真实，但会:a从另一个角度来诠释我们的历史，b艺术的形式更加容易被人所接受，c由于加入了艺术家的加工与思考，因而更加容易引起人们的思考。

2，反应情感（emotions、非理性的东西，与科学的objective相对，关心科学所不在意的人角度），提示了人物的内心世界（既是作者的内心写照，也是对大众自我内心的唤起）；艺术关注精神领域，揭示精神层面（如意识流小说）。
//物理学家、诺贝尔奖获得者李政道先生说：“艺术（诗歌、绘画、音乐等）用创新的手法去唤醒每个人的意识或潜意识中深藏着已存在的情感。情感越珍贵，反映越普遍，艺术越优秀。”

3，（极端法），说在言论不自由时期的艺术有着不可替代的作用。（文字狱？艺术表现思想、愤怒、现实不满等）接下来找国外的“文字狱”中……

4，揭示人们对现实的感悟和对理想的追求，也反映了人们社会生活的现状。这也是艺术的一个重要作用。正是现实与理想的差距，理想对现实的指引，造就了很大一部分的艺术。（如黑色幽默的文学作品，魔幻现实主义作品）

5，（这个是刚想出来滴～～）艺术作品在特定的情况下，就是对一个时期的一个时代的记录，如史前艺术，如石刻艺术对埃及史前文明的揭示。（Jay 有歌云：“当古文明只剩下难解的语言，传说就成了永垂不朽的诗篇”。。汗～）例，the art and architecture  created in the MIddle Ages survived best in Europe are mainly castles and churches which reveals the lawlessness of that time in Europe and the authorities were imposing

6，让步：当然，艺术也是分很多类别的，各种各样的艺术形式，可能创作目的也不尽相同。并非所有的艺术都是revealing，但不能否认，艺术在总体上，通过揭示otherwise hidden ideas and impulses，让我们对我们生活的这个世界－－既包括精神世界又包含物质世界－－有了更加清晰明确的认识。

PS.我觉得落脚点，还是在于怎么样来理解这个otherwise hidden，或者更具体一点讲就是怎么来理解otherwise。是“艺术揭示了容易被人们忽视的角落”呢？（如人类发展史，包括科学进化史，虽然教科书上也会写，但是不如艺术表现得更让人接受）还是如果要搜集除了艺术就不能表现的角度？（如人类的情感，对自然的崇拜与热爱，无法用科学的计量来测量表现的。）

PPS.例子啊例子，我还是缺这个东东，从高中时候写东西就被批作空洞说教，唉，暴走找例子中。看了家家推荐的草版写的https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=959513&;highlight=    真挺有收获的。

riowUID: 2501383

Argu25.The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of
Hopewell.

"Two years ago, the town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel. During the past two years, tourism in Ocean View has increased, new businesses have opened there, and Ocean View's tax revenues have risen by 30 percent. The best way to improve Hopewell's economy, and generate additional tax revenues, is to build a golf course and resort hotel similar to those in Ocean View."

Firstly, the effect remains unknow of buiding golf courese and resort hotel on business tourism increase. No link shows there's strong relevance between it and new opened business or higer tax revenue. So it is difficult to infer how much contribution the golf course and resort hotel has done to the development of economy due to there's no clue in the author's statement. Besides it's of great possibility that the increase of economy is led by other facts along with the construction.  Thus we can not hastly generalize that it is necessary and effective to build new golf course and resort hotel  in order to boost economy.

After that, even they're effective ways in promote its own economy, it's ridiculous to have such conclusion that Hopewell should do the construction similar as Ocean View to duplicate the success. Since no detailed information are provided, we don't know the situation of both towns before and now. For example, Ocean View has its success after building all that mentioned above maybe due to its fancinating natural landscape which Hopewell doesn't have. Besides, the economy ability of two towns are not mentioned either. While Ocean View can afford to the construction, Hopewell maybe is experiencing a hard time in economy progressing, when they has no extra capital in new construction.

Also, while they can duplicate the construction, hardly can they duplicate the effects following.
(这个有点偷懒，嘿嘿)
Hence, a more in-depth treatment is needed in order to give details about the two towns and then decide whether and how to make some more development in Hopewell.

riowUID: 2501383

Argu37.Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea（1）－1 and therefore were believed to have been unique to the Palean people.（1）－2 Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. （2）The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could only have crossed it by boat, but there is no evidence that the Paleans had boats（3）. And boats capable of carrying groups of people and cargo were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared（4）. Moreover, Paleans would have had no need to cross the river-the woods around Palea are full of nuts, berries, and small game.（5） It follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea. （6）

画出逻辑链：
（1）-1           （2）［（3）-123，（4）（5）］
        ||                           ||
（1）-2                     （6）

这个该怎么攻击呢？呃～

a>    周围就代表了 be unique to P people了吗？
b>    River形成于何时，那里有吗？会不会不那么deep and broad，趟着就过得去？
Hence  no need to have a boat, let alone about capable of carrying several people and cargo.
c>     （5）以前有吗？nuts berries, small games

Thus no （6）

这个是我今晚写的最后一个argu，嘿嘿比较少了，不过会尽量写全文的

riowUID: 2501383

Argu206.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Parkville
Daily Newspaper.

"Throughout the country last year, as more and more children below the age
of nine participated in youth-league softball and soccer, over 80,000 of
these young players suffered injuries（1）. When interviewed for a recent
study, youth-league softball players in several major cities also reported
psychological pressure from coaches and parents to win games（2）. Furthermore,
education experts say that long practice sessions for these sports take
away time that could be used for academic activities（3）. Since the
disadvantages apparently outweigh any advantages, we in Parkville should
discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine（4）."

逻辑链：
（1）（2）（3）
       ||
        （4）
       ||
         （5）

a> 首先，1, The total number of children involved in the youth-league softball and soccer remains unknow, which determines the percentage together with number of injured children.
b>［这种论述模板应该如何写啊？］（2）比例，调查采样对象，有压力的孩子们会更多地主动参与调查。
major city 代表性？大城市本来竞争就可能更加激烈。
c> Are long practice sessions always necessary when one participates the game? Long practice session occupied extra time, but children should be encouraged both a better time arrangement and efficiency in training and studying, rather than be forbidden from taking part in the game.
        Besides, extra time occupied by training can't be garenteed to be spent on academic activities. They may spend time taking some unhealthy activies, say, playing PC games etc, which does less good to their health.
d>  （4，5）［模板？］
The phenomenon and research all over the country and some major cities can't give persuasive evidience, for which Parkville should stop organising xxxx
e>      Besides, even we concede the softball and soccer has much disadvantages for children under nine, there's no reason that P should stop all athletic competitions.

riowUID: 2501383

Argu209.The following recommendation was made by the Human Resources Manager
to the board of directors of the Fancy Toy Company.

"In the last three quarters of this year, under the leadership of our
president, Pat Salvo, our profits have fallen considerably（1）. Thus, we
should ask for her resignation in return for a generous severance package（2）.
In Pat's place, we should appoint Rosa Winnings（3）. Rosa is currently
president of Starlight Jewelry, a company whose profits have increased
dramatically over the past several years（4）. Although we will have to pay
Rosa twice the salary that Pat has been receiving（5）-1, it will be well worth
it because we can soon expect our profits to increase considerably（5）-2."

1               4，5-2
||                ||
2               3, 5-1

a>首先，1=>2       profits can be influenced by many factors, such as 成本，销售状况，整体市场经济情况/状况, etc. It can't be all attributed to the president. Also the replacement of president is not the only effective measures solving such problems.

b> （4）  The increased profits of Rosa Winnings's company can't be interpreted directly as powerful and effective management of R.W, since it can be led to by the promoted quality of products or luring(吸引人的？) advertisements.

c>（5）-2         It's hasty generalization to say that profit increase can be expected soon with unadequate proof. Thus twice payment is unnecessary but 浪费在资金短缺的情况下。

riowUID: 2501383

ISSUE120. "So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
因为现今社会日新月异的复杂变化，历史的借鉴作用越来越小

Although it is new and complex in our society, a good understanding of the past still plays important role in guiding today's life. Since the history reveals the law to which process of social evolution obeys, its meaning can't be negated to study the past. In my view, the history gives much insight and inspiration into our society today if we make wise use of it.

Firstly, we should be clear that what history gives us is the general guidance which can't be directly practiced on every certain thing we are faced with. Thus we don't anticipate the same situation that repeats history to apply the "guidance".

EXAMPLES on POLITICS ENVIRONMENTS ECONOMICS etc.

On the other hand, history with all the events that occured before is not omnipotent, expecially when faced with the new occurrences unprecedented.

Meanwhile, human beings are the main body of history. As a result of changing and increasingly interrelated world, with more rapid pace and more complex work, values and value orientation has radical changes, for which regular patterns of history can't be applied inflexibly with hard copy.

In summary, it's conditional when accepting and applying history guidance in our life to have a insight into our society and instuctiveness or enlightening, which requires skills. Nevertheless we can never deny the effect of guidance history pass on to us.

riowUID: 2501383

ISSUE221."The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."

1, the study of history leads to lots of benefits, not only to put on the idea that people are not significantly different from different periods.

2, Does people in history differ much from that in another time? For this question, I can't give a simple answer with yes or no. People in the history obeys the regular patterns of history on general level, nevertheless, we can't give the opinion that they has no significant difference on certain groups or social periods.

3, Besides, what is the "signifficant difference" defined? How much difference can be discribed signifficant?

After all, simply give the conclusion of history study's benefit has little meaning, which is resulted from the reasons above.

swekimnUID: 2649781

小改了下~~我是小白~~
  错误很多，我把文档发上来吧~~
  加油~~加油~~~
   出去和把眉散步咯~~~haha

  此文就当休闲吧~~~
  这周任务量很大~~~
  小riow~~加油

家家☆yoonjaeUID: 2646910

不容易啊。。。riow。。。= =。。今天是Friday了。。。2days more...understand?

我好坏。。。ORZ

riowUID: 2501383

嗯，小明是乖孩子，不像家家，哼哼（小声～～我说，家啊，干嘛要说出真相啊，呃，那个我不就是本来漏写了两个issue嘛～～咳咳，又要多买几个鸡腿了……汗～～）

CMGSUID: 2599842

晚点给你看。。。记得鸡腿。。

swekimnUID: 2649781

嗯，小明是乖孩子，不像家家，哼哼（小声～～我说，家啊，干嘛要说出真相啊，呃，那个我不就是本来漏写了两个issue嘛～～咳咳，又要多买几个鸡腿了……汗～～）
riow 发表于 2009-6-27 02:49

  你有漏ISSUE 还真没发现~~~:L