[YB-2]7月6日7日作业 by sunxcint

sunxcintUID: 2654472

Issue 94 “Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.”

The trend of combination and unity of academic disciplines is more and more obvious. Thus, the integrity of knowledge and adaption to society of college students ,who would only like to be engaged in the study of  their own field , should be weaker than that of those taking a variety of courses.

The world is naturally integrity, which decides that the combination of every disciplines, any of which will involving studying the laws and disciplines of certain aspect, are also intrinsically integrity. Moreover, with the advances of the science and technology, the connections between different disciplines have become closer and closer. For example, when it comes to a certain research program , many disciplines might have been involved in and even the director of this program is unwilling to tell that they are immersed in the research of one discipline rather than another. Thus, graduate students in this program with varied abilities would have a great advantage in competing with those who have only a limited scope. Since various disciplines are associated with each other, the study of courses outside a student's own field may benefit the study of their major. For instance, philosophy, which provides general methodology to solve problems, is the foundation of all subjects. Whatever your major is, you can attain enlightenment from it.

Another reason why students should take a variety of courses lie in the intention of study. It is not for gaining an academic degree , that one goes to university, it is to get an education, to learn skills and gain qualifications to use in one's life. The society is really a furnace which melt all the disciplines till today. Thus, to some extent a generalist  will be more adaptive in it than a specialist and people who can only provide limited perspectives and skills will definitely confront the problem to survive. For example, management is usually a systematic and complex project which need one's ability to synthesize every aspects of what he/she has learned.  Thus, a management talent must be a person who has learned much outside his/her major to fulfill the daily requirement, rather than one who is addicted to the study of stiff management theories and read the sterile management case.

However, it never means that students should ignore the study of their major.  A student  who merely dabbles in a hodge-podge of academic  offerings, without special emphasis on any one, becomes a dilettante—lacking enough  knowledge  or experience in any single area to come away with anything valuable to offer. Thus, in the process of university study, one must be careful not to overextend oneself and neglect an important objective of education.

In sum, it is necessary for college students to take a variety of courses to get them prepared for the upcoming graduation period or profession. In the mean time, it is also necessary to attach enough importance to the study of their own major, which will serve as a fundamental tool to communicate with both other disciplines and outside society.

Issue 63"To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own."

Culture, as a social practice, is not something that individuals possess. Rather, it is a social process in which individuals participate, in the context of changing historical conditions. As well as the more obvious cultural differences that exist between people, such as language, dress and traditions, there are also significant variations in the way societies organize themselves, in their shared conception of morality, and in the ways they interact with their environment.

A person that lives long in an atmosphere lacking connections with other cultures will take some elements and phenomenoa of his/her own culture for granted or even neglect their existence. Only through comparison and communication with a different culture  can we  identify what has defines our own culture and what is the difference between these two cultures, which will help us understand more about both cultures. For example, many Chinese before the reform and opening-up did not understand the true meaning of Chinese culture. They often thought their cultural products would be accepted worldwide. Some even believed that the problem of communication among different cultures can be resolved by directly addressing the issue in talks, or if necessary, warfare. During the gradual increase of communication and connection with outside the world, the people there has begun to acknowledge the diversity of cultures in the world and meanwhile learned more about the advantage and weakness of their own culture.

In the mean time,cultures are externally affected via contact between societies, which may also produce—or inhibit—social shifts and changes in cultural practices. Competition over resources may impact technological development or social dynamics. Additionally, cultural ideas may transfer from one society to another, For example, hamburgers, mundane in the United States, seemed exotic when first introduced into China. An element of one culture might be transferred into an invention or propagation in another by the sharing of ideas. Technological or tangible diffusion from one culture to another has been common occurrence in today's world.

Besides,the development of cross cultural exchange is essential to building a harmonious society as well as an internal force promoting world peace, development and cooperation.For example,China, once the largest and most powerful country in the world, has an incredible history and splendid culture. Dating back some 600 years, with an enormous and powerful fleet, Zhen He set out on his first voyage to Malaysia , taking with him the wonderful Chinese culture. He taught locals how to dig wells, cultivate rice and cotton as well as build houses. The quality of water from wells was better than river water, and rice and cotton greatly improved the living standard of the locals. Furthermore, he also passed on China's knowledge of construction.

In sum, today cross-cultural communication is even significant and meaningful, which not only has promoted the cultural identity and civilized development, but also is an important force to sustain the peace and prosperity of this globalization world.

lossingzoneUID: 2519545

[YB-2]7月6日7日作业 by sunxcint
Issue 94 “Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.”

The trend of combination and unity of academic disciplines is more and more obvious. Thus, the integrity of knowledge and adaption (adaptation) to society of college students, who would only like to be engaged in the study of their own field, should be weaker than that of those taking a variety of courses.
从某种角度，所谓的全才见多识广，当然比所谓的专才眼界宽，可能心理素质，人文素养等各方面都相对专才好，也更能适应社会；但是社会永远都需要专才，也紧缺专才，专才是一个社会进步所必需的。没有人能够通晓所有领域。当我们的教育过于注重通才教育时，学生的整体素质也许真的提高，但是同时也许也会带来社会各个领域都缺乏真正精通的人才的困境。你后面补充说学生当然应该注重专业学习，但是人的精力是有限的，如果学生真的选修了专业课外的各种课程，他还能有足够的时间学习专业课程吗？The world is naturally integrity, which decides that the combination of every disciplines, any of which will involving studying the laws and disciplines of certain aspect, are also intrinsically integrity. Moreover, with the advances of the science and technology, the connections between different disciplines have become closer and closer. For example, when it comes to a certain research program, many disciplines might have been involved in and even the director of this program is unwilling to tell that they are immersed in the research of one discipline rather than another. Thus, graduate students in this program with varied abilities would have a great advantage in competing with those who have only a limited scope（任何事物的正面都有其反面，当一个人在多领域都有所涉及时，却不见得每个领域都做得很好，反之，一个只注重某个领域的人却有可能在此领域登峰造极，而他可以通过和别人合作在一定程度上弥补他对其他领域缺乏了解的不足）. Since various disciplines are associated with each other, the study of courses outside a student's own field may benefit the study of their major. For instance, philosophy, which provides general methodology to solve problems, is the foundation of all subjects. Whatever your major is, you can attain enlightenment from it.

Another reason why students should take a variety of courses lie（lies） in the intention of study. It is not for gaining an academic degree that one goes to university, it is to get an education, to learn skills and gain qualifications to use in one's life. The society is really a furnace which melt（melts） all the disciplines till today. Thus, to some extent a generalist will be more adaptive in it than a specialist and people who can only provide limited perspectives and skills will definitely confront the problem to survive. For example, management is usually a systematic and complex project which need（needs） one's ability to synthesize every aspects of what he/she has learned.  Thus, a management talent must be a person who has learned much outside his/her major to fulfill the daily requirement, rather than one who is addicted to the study of stiff management theories and read the sterile management case.

However, it never means that students should ignore the study of their major.  A student who merely dabbles in a hodge-podge of academic offerings, without special emphasis on any one, becomes a dilettante—lacking enough knowledge or experience in any single area to come away with anything valuable to offer. Thus, in the process of university study, one must be careful not to overextend oneself and neglect an important objective of education.（我们在谈论教育，而非谈论个人学习。对于多数学生而言，他们会受到教育部门导向的影响。若教育部门仅强调通才教育，则很难使学生同时也意识到专业的重要性。因此改为教育部门，更具体，大学，应该在要求学生修读各种非专业课程的同时又不要放松专业的学习）
In sum, it is necessary for college students to take a variety of courses to get them prepared for the upcoming graduation period or profession. In the mean time, it is also necessary to attach enough importance to the study of their own major, which will serve as a fundamental tool to communicate with both other disciplines and outside society.
（批注多数只是从我个人的看法，供作者参考，而非要你按照批注修改。不过总体而言觉得文章说服力还是欠缺，起码没使我信服啦。另外还有一点，topic中有这样一句“because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.”这句我极为不赞同，这样仅仅是教育很小的一个方面而已，是不是好的教育方式都令人怀疑，更别提最好的了）
Issue 63"To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own."

Culture, as a social practice, is not something that individuals possess. Rather, it is a social process in which individuals participate, in the context of changing historical conditions. As well as the more obvious cultural differences that exist between people, such as language, dress and traditions, there are also significant variations in the way societies organize themselves, in their shared conception of morality, and in the ways they interact with their environment.

A person that lives long in an atmosphere lacking connections with other cultures will take some elements and phenomena of his/her own culture for granted or even neglect their existence. Only through comparison and communication with a different culture  can we  identify what has defines our own culture and what is the difference between these two cultures, which will help us understand more about both cultures. For example, many Chinese before the reform and opening-up did not understand the true meaning of Chinese culture. They often thought their cultural products would be accepted worldwide. Some even believed that the problem of communication among different cultures can be resolved by directly addressing the issue in talks, or if necessary, warfare. During the gradual increase of communication and connection with outside the world, the people there has begun to acknowledge the diversity of cultures in the world and meanwhile learned more about the advantage and weakness of their own culture.

In the mean time, cultures are externally affected via contact between societies, which may also produce—or inhibit—social shifts and changes in cultural practices. Competition over resources may impact technological development or social dynamics. Additionally, cultural ideas may transfer from one society to another, For example, hamburgers, mundane in the United States, seemed exotic when first introduced into China. An element of one culture might be transferred into an invention or propagation in another by the sharing of ideas. Technological or tangible diffusion from one culture to another has been common occurrence in today's world.

Besides, the development of cross cultural exchange is essential to building (build) a harmonious society as well as an internal force promoting world peace, development and cooperation. For example, China, once the largest and most powerful country in the world, has an incredible history and splendid culture. Dating back some 600 years, with an enormous and powerful fleet, Zhen He set out on his first voyage to Malaysia , taking with him the wonderful Chinese culture. He taught locals how to dig wells, cultivate rice and cotton as well as build houses. The quality of water from wells was better than river water, and rice and cotton greatly improved the living standard of the locals. Furthermore, he also passed on China's knowledge of construction.

In sum, today cross-cultural communication is even significant and meaningful, which not only has promoted the cultural identity and civilized development, but also is an important force to sustain the peace and prosperity of this globalization world.
文章跑题啦，写成了去阐述文化交流的好处。这个主题应该论述了解自身文化与了解别的文化的辩证关系。主题中的观点认为要了解自身文化，至少要对一种与自身文化截然不同的文化有所了解。按照古人的说法，不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中，从这个角度看，对其他文化缺乏了解，单纯沉浸在自身文化当中，是很难从更宏观的角度领悟到自身文化的真正内涵的。就像对地球的理解，地球是我们生活的空间，我们生活在地球中，只能了解地球的点滴，而难窥视全貌；唯有跳出地球，进入一个更广阔的空间，才能看到浑圆的地球上点缀着片片蓝色。排斥其他文化，容易造成愚昧无知，盲目自大，等等。
但是不存在与自身文化截然不同的文化，实际上，各种不同的文化作为人类文化的一部分，不可能做到无任何相似之处。这种相似性是由人类文明的本质所决定的。
不知道可不可以从整体与部分的角度来论述。任何一个文明，只是人类整体文明的一部分。对部分的理解，总不能单纯分析部分所包含的要素，而必须通过了解这些部分之间的联系（结构），各个部分所起的功能，等等，。。