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180 "Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated."
破题：原因式，立法问题的原因。keyword:moral behavior
同意题目观点，法律不可能完全解决道德问题。

个人：社会竞争中的问题，如占座位（自私），作弊；不尊重老人，（欺负儿童），
in the community: 有些确实有问题，但没法通过立法完全解决。例如 家庭暴力；
国家：因为体制不同，很多问题很难互相理解。例如送礼的多少

因此，国家不能单靠立法，还需要通过宣扬传统美德来解决这些问题。

36 "The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."
破题：争辩式，keyword: greatness of individuals; only
反对观点，许多伟大的人在他们生活的年代就被尊敬。

诚然，有些人的伟大是在他死后才为人所认识，特别是一些作家和艺术家，例如梵高，毕加索（中国的曹雪芹）；

但是，许多伟人在当时就被承认，例如Washington对自由的渴望和杰出的军事才能，churchill的幽默和杰出的领导才能，Einstain对科学的追求（Edison对发明创造的热爱），Jodan，Bill Gates等等

这些出头的伟人们有个共同点，就是他们的事业是为他们那个年代的人民大众服务。

总而言之，每个行业的伟大各有不同，但有一条规律是相同的：能为他人带来价值（财富，知识，快乐）的人，才会获得别人的承认


Argument:
179 The following is a memorandum written by the director of personnel to the president of the Cedar Corporation.

"It would be a mistake to rehire the Good-Taste Company to supply the food in our employee cafeteria next year. It is the second most expensive caterer in the city. In addition, its prices have risen in each of the last three years, and it refuses to provide meals for people on special diets. Just last month three employees complained to me that they no longer eat in the cafeteria because they find the experience 'unbearable.' Our company should instead hire Discount Foods. Discount is a family-owned local company and it offers a varied menu of fish and poultry. I recently tasted a sample lunch at one of the many companies that Discount serves and it was delicious—an indication that hiring Discount will lead to improved employee satisfaction."
目的：改善员工伙食（是否可以让员工外出就餐。食堂(供应商)提供伙食的速度，质量-多样性和是否可口，价格，售后服务）
作者逻辑链：明年不用GT，因为 1它是本地第二贵的caterer；2过去三年每年都涨价；3上个月有三个员工对GT表示了不满。-->我们要用DF，因为 1DF是一个家族式企业，提供多种fish and poultry；2president吃过他们的样餐，感觉很可口（那员工呢...）；->这些都说明D会改善员工满意度。

从例子来看：
1 作者没有说清楚GT的具体价格，而且没有和DF进行对比；
2 员工对GT表示不满的原因不明，可能是送货时间，饮食习惯，就餐场所的问题，食品本身不一定有问题；
3 DF能提供多种fish and poultry，但并不代表其它种类也很丰富；
4 公司员工没吃过他们的样餐，不知道他们是否觉得可口；
6 作者的逻辑有严重问题，没有对比GT和DF，就武断的下定论；
7 是否还有其它改善伙食的方法，例如让员工外出自行就餐；


36 The following appeared in an article written by Dr. Karp, an anthropologist.

"Twenty years ago Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia and concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. However, my recent interviews with children living in the group of islands that includes Tertia show that these children spend much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. This research proves that Dr. Field's conclusion about Tertian village culture is false, and thus that the observation-centered approach to studying cultures is invalid. Because they are using the interview-centered method, my team of graduate students working in Tertia will establish a much more accurate understanding of child-rearing traditions there and in other island cultures."
keyword: observations; interviews; the group of islands; reared
目的：深入研究children rear的范畴
作者逻辑链：举例：20年前DRF访问并研究过T岛，认为T的孩子是被整个村子抚养-->我最近访问了包括T岛在内的一些岛，发现孩子其实和父母交谈的时间比其它村民多。-->DRF的结论是错的-->observation-centered的研究方法是invalid-->通过使用interview-centered 方法，我的研究生可以更精确的了解 T和其它岛的child-rearing traditions
反驳顺序：例子-推理-结论（推理-结论；例子-推理）

1 作者K的推理有严重问题，不能确定observation-centered的研究方法是无效的，也不能断定interview-centered方法有用；（总观点）

2 孩子交谈时间不完全等同于rear（以身作则），和父母交谈时间多了多少，而且作者K结果是访问了好几个岛的汇总，而DRF研究的只有T岛；
3 就算K是对的，不代表F是错的，20年前。。
4 就算F是不准，不能说observation-centered的研究方法无效
5 没有足够理由说明interview-centered方法非常有效；
6 研究生没有F教授经验丰富，很难说结果就一定更准；