【TRANSFORMER】_提纲ISSUE&ARGUMENT_0815

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158The Trash-Site Safety Council has recently conducted a statewide study of possible harmful effects of garbage sites on the health of people living near the sites. A total of five sites and 300 people were examined. The study revealed, on average, only a small statistical correlation between the proximity of homes to garbage sites and the incidence of unexplained rashes among people living in these homes. Furthermore, although it is true that people living near the largest trash sites had a slightly higher incidence of the rashes, there was otherwise no correlation between the size of the garbage sites and people's health. Therefore, the council is pleased to announce that the current system of garbage sites does not pose a significant health hazard. We see no need to restrict the size of such sites in our state or to place any restrictions on the number of homes built near the sites.




140The following appeared in a report of the Committee on Faculty Promotions and Salaries at Elm City University.

"During her seventeen years as a professor of botany, Professor Thomas has proved herself to be well worth her annual salary of $50,000. Her classes are among the largest at the university, demonstrating her popularity among students. Moreover, the money she has brought to the university in research grants has exceeded her salary in each of the last two years. Therefore, in consideration of Professor Thomas' demonstrated teaching and research abilities, we recommend that she receive a $10,000 raise and a promotion to Department Chairperson; without such a raise and promotion, we fear that Professor Thomas will leave Elm City University for another college."





127"Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions."


68"People make the mistake of treating experts with suspicion and mistrust, no matter how valuable their contributions might be."

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issue 127
1,科学上的真理是不可改变的。人总会死。地球绕着太阳转.重的东西和轻的东西是同时落地。永动机是不可能做出的.虽然科学不断发展，真理也不断更新。但是，所谓真理是在一定程度下不变的。Newton3定律和Einstein的相对论表面上后者替代了前者，但是在在低速下的牛顿定律和高速下的相对论是不会互相影响的。
2.历史是不可以改变的。长城是中国古代人民劳动的结晶。谁也无法让在WWII中死去的人复活。Washington在American Revolution中的伟大achievement。我们应该尊重respect历史，而不能颠覆distort历史。
3.但是，对于现在current的事实，我们可以改变。需要不可改变的科学和历史。关于科技，人类现在只能住在地球上，但依靠科学有一天可以到另一星球上。世界上还有人受疾病困扰， 但是随着医疗进步，我们可以结束疾病。关于历史，1950年日本的mercury污染事件提高环保认识，避免犯类似的错。1997年的financial crisis让我们更好应对去年的金融危机。

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issue 208
1.        穿着行为可以反映个人的态度兴趣。穿西服--严肃环。便装--随意环境下工作。面对conflict,一个举止粗鲁的人VS用妥协开玩笑的方式处理的人
2.        穿着行为可以反映社会的价值观。不同国家的衣着行为放映不同国家的文化。Islamite不吃猪肉。Arab女人戴头巾。法国人举止休闲。衣着行为的变化反映社会价值观的变化。改革开放前，中国人穿中山装，改革开放后，人们的思想得到极大解放，装着更自由。
3.        但是穿着行为也会欺骗。white long hair和instain和穿15元衬衫的袁隆平。很多富豪却穿着朴素，与常人无意。因此，人不可貌相。

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issue 68
68"People make the mistake of treating experts with suspicion and mistrust, no matter how valuable their contributions might be."
1.        专家比普通人在某领域上更有经验。从医生到律师，从工程师到科学家，专家是经过数年的教育才能够qualify本领域的工作。并且，之前处理问题总结的systematic approach也有助于他们处理新问题。普通人只能通过直觉intuition来判断建筑的好坏，建筑师architect用科学的方法evaluate建筑的solid,判断能否withstand the natural disaster。对于治疗H5N1，没有medical theory的人是无法提供建议的，只有那些professional biologists and doctors在研究。
2.        专家有时也会想普通人lay people那样犯错误，在考虑不周not well-thought of sb.时。Greek philosopher Aristotle认为heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones. Buffett也有投资股票invest in stock market失败的时候。当电脑刚出现时，电脑专家认为电脑只能给专家使用。Darrow once said, "As long as the world shall last there will be wrongs, and if no man rebelled, those wrongs would last forever."
3.        若能从专家和普通人角度同时看待问题，判断judgement会更准确。面对在失业率高的地方建工厂的问题。当地人认为可以simulate经济，提高就业。Environmental expert认为工厂排放的废气、废水会污染环境。如果government official可以听取两方面的意见take advice，可以建些污染小的工厂，同时解决经济问题。