issue 作文

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17"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."
James said that you have to obey the laws but when the laws turn unjust you can use civil disobedience and protest against it.

1.it is hard to 快速分辨法律的公平还是不公平
2.对待法律的态度不应该取决于认为公平与否，whatever unjust or not 都应该去obey
法律是为了维持社会良好的秩序而产生的，我们应该维持。
有人会说那些 unjust 呢，也要服从，如果觉得损害了利益或者需要改进。我们可以通过合法的途径去make them just   
3.如作者所说disobey unjust law
  就是纵容犯罪。
工人认为老板给的薪水少就去偷窃，商人觉得仿造别人的商品可以赚钱，逃税

2008年6月11日，挪威国会是以84票赞成、41票反对，通过3月14日提交的“同性婚姻法”，法案赋予同志伴侣可在教堂行礼、领养孩子甚至人工受孕以组织家庭。法案表明若女同性恋伴侣结婚后，其中一方以人工受精方法诞下胎儿，没有该胎儿基因的另一方亦可享有抚养权，与异性恋者的“父母”权利无异。
据美联社5月29日报道，挪威两大在野反对派表态支持婚姻法，确保可在6月11日表决时顺利通过。虽然婚姻法由政府提出，但执政的三党联合政府一些持反对意见的阁员质疑法案能否通过[5]。最终法案仍获国会大部份议员支持而通过。新法案纠正了原有公民伴侣关系法中，婚姻仅局限于异性恋的定义，从而使婚姻的性取向变得中立、公平。
由欧洲三大市场调查机构分别于2003年、2005年及2007年进行的研究均显示，超过60%的挪威人支持性取向中立、由政府建议的新婚姻法。

polls conducted  respectively, of the Norwegian population support gender-neutral marriage laws.
The first parliamentary hearing, including the vote, was held on June 11, 2008 approving by 84 votes to 41 a bill that will allow same-sex couples to marry.[4] This came after the Norwegian government proposed a marriage law in March 14, 2008, that would give lesbian and gay couples the same rights as heterosexuals, including church weddings, adoption and assisted pregnancies.
On May 29, 2008, the Associated Press reported that two Norwegian opposition parties came out in favour of the new bill, assuring its passage when at the June 11 vote. Prior to this, there were some disagreements with members of the current three-party governing coalition on whether the bill had enough votes to pass.[3]
The first parliamentary hearing, including the vote, was held on June 11, 2008 approving by 84 votes to 41 a bill that will allow same-sex couples to marry.[4] This came after the Norwegian government proposed a marriage law in March 14, 2008, that would give lesbian and gay couples the same rights as heterosexuals, including church weddings, adoption and assisted pregnancies. The new legislation amends the definition of civil marriage to make it gender neutral.[5] Norway's upper house passed a new equality law with 23-17 vote in favor of the gender neutral marriage. The King of Norway granted royal assent thereafter. The law took effect on January 1.[
Everyone has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws.

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221"The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."

The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history
Although I concede with the statement that human nature is exempt from change, I also believe that political and economic diversity across different periods of time shape markedly different individuals in terms of cultural norms, customs, values and ideas. Furthermore, the purpose of studying history has far more benefits than realizing the stability of human beings.
Human nature is the unchangeable basis on which character is built, on which temperament and disposition is formed. A throughout study of human history reveals that the people who walked this earth in antiquity were moved by the same fundamental forces, swayed by the same passions, and had the same aspirations as the men and women of today. It is through this fundamental similarity that we have come to appreciate the value of history as a mentor providing guidance. For example, in an effort to combat pain, our ancestors had discovered the potent naturally-occurring anesthesia cocaine, which had serious adverse effects; future generations made chemical alternations and produced the clinically useful procaine. Now, medicinal chemists have learned to search for potential drugs in natural sources, yielding thousands of important drugs used today.
However, it is also beneficial to look past our similarities, and define the changes that occurred throughout history. Different periods of time encompass people with extensively different customs, manners, dress and habits, all of which serve as mirrors of the past. For example, dress codes for women throughout the centuries illustrate the progression of female rights and the increasing importance women have had on the society. Furthermore, through evaluating a society’s views on various topics such as animal rights, environmental protection, artistic expression, scientific inquiry and literature, present-day historians have been able to summarize the path of cultural evolution. By comparing the values, ideas, customs and norms of the past and present, we would be better informed to appreciate the convenience and freedom of today’s society, while admitting the problems we still face.
Personally, I believe that the major problem of the statement is that it does disservice to the goals of historical research. Other than exposing the stability of human nature, history can greatly impact our lives by providing inspiration and courage, significant lessons in life and mores, and a heightened perception of our ancestral roots and cultural heritage. Information sparks interest, and interest may lead an obligation to preserve our tradition, customs, and cultural artifacts such as objects of art and literature. Furthermore, mistakes of the past hold serious lessons which guide our values and mores; for example, the horrific memory of both World Wars has persuaded most countries to contemplate and form pacific foreign policies, striving to negotiate through objective communication and amiable visitation. In all, history probes us to rethink our existence, our society and our future, not only influencing our world, but also enriching and changing it for the better.
In sum, the study of history reminds us that all human beings are essentially the same; a concept that helps us see past superficial differences and urges us to be more tolerant of minority groups and dissident opinions. However, history can accomplish so much more by heightening our awareness of heritage, helping us formulate reflective values and ideals, emphasizing modern conveniences and freedom, and pointing out mistakes to avoid.

无敌小番茄UID: 2684290

70"In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership."

无敌小番茄UID: 2684290

11"All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems."

The statement above contains a interesting idea, which is to engage students to solve social problems. While in my opinion, instead of building a global university, there should be other more effective method if considering the complexity of local-characterized social problems and the trustable efficiency of media transporting technology.
When a student once gets agreement of entering university, he/she also accepts the resposibility to imporving the society while improving himself/herself as well as solving social problems. This is why a college student can be seen as a independent individual who is capable of thinking and doign logically, deeply, and independently. On the other hand, college students are somehow stayed inside a safety shlef of education, so they can make any imaginations, opinions, methodologies toward any world issues without social pressure as less as it can. Therefore, it is definitely true that students in the university are fresh troops for solving social problems.
There are hundreds of countries in the world, and the amount is still arising. No matter the isolation due to the geography or diversity of culture histories, each country usually has its own specific social problems besides some similar problems. For example, "obisity" issue has shown up in the U.S. for a long time, and it gradually transfer from healthy issue to social problem. This serious problem is not going to be discussed detailly here, but it is undoutedly that obisity problem, so far, will not arised into a such a big issue in some Asia countries such as Taiwan or Japan as well as South Africa. However, the environmental pollution due to the over-crowded population has last for more than tens of years, and the solution of this problem is still hardly barriered by the limited land. So it comes the fact that, there are so many social problems caused by different factors, in different areas, and under different barriers. It is almost impossible to find one or few solution to solve all the problems. It also has difficulties to reuse or trasform the solution for one place in other places. In the same meaning, there is no such "most serious" problem of the world, instead, there are "many serious" problems around the world. So what is the necessary a university to slove world's problem instead of local universities?
The world is flat. Informations are transfered much faster and easier than before. The social problems may be transported and spreaded by the media or population migration. It can be discussed and had brain-storming between countries. In spite of the difficulties of building a world's university due to the complex and amorphous characters of problems. In my opinion, there is an effective methodology to engage the students which is build a discussion platform for global universities' students. This platform can be anywhere and in any forms, in order to gather students from different cultures, different countries, or different education systems to interchange the ideas and knowledge for solving world's problems. A global platform can reach the purpose of global university, but will not ignore the local characteristics as a factor.
To engage students to solve the social problems is good. Nowadays technology environment accepts us to build a effecient platform for students to interchanges knowledge instead of a global university which could be condused and unfocussed. So the nations in the world should build a global discussion platform designed to engage students in the process of solving the worlds persistent social problems.

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212"If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable."

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136"The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."

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170"The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."

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184"It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data."

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7、"The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."

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235"Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one's friends, to one's school or place of employment, or to any institution—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force."

无敌小番茄UID: 2684290

99"In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."

无敌小番茄UID: 2684290

207"Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."

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147"Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them."

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31"Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."

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28"Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."