2月中旬《２２天超人复习小组》第四次作业It's your turn!

naningooUID：2594658

高频ＩＳＳＵＥ

2５，Anyone can make things bigger and more complex.What requires a real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction----in other words,to make things as simple as possible.

同主题提纲ＩＳＳＵＥ

第八类：行为类：
（四）
合作：42，46，213
·42 "Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires collaboration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if they work frequently in groups."
42．学习不是个人行为，而是需要人们的合作，所以各个年级的学生如果经常在一个群体里工作，他们将会在学业上获益非浅。
·46 "While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation."
46．尽管一些政府领导，比如体育、工业和其他的领域的人把他们的成功归功于良好的竞争意识，一个社会还是应该给年轻人灌输合作的思想，这更有助于他们成为好的领导者。
·213 "Too much emphasis has been placed on the need for students to challenge the assertions of others. In fact, the ability to compromise and work with others -- that is, the ability to achieve social harmony -- should be a major goal in every school."
213．学校太强调教学生怎么质疑他人的主张。实际上，培养折衷和与他人合作的能力，也就是促进社会和谐的能力应该被作为每个学校的主要目标。

（五）
个体与集体：60，95，113，162，175，199
·60 "The media -- and society in general -- mistakenly expect an individual to speak for a particular group, whether or not that individual truly represents the views of the entire group."
60．通常情况下，媒体和社会都希望某个个人能代表一特定群体，无论此个人
能否真正地表达整个群体的观点。

95 "People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does."
95．众人拾柴火焰高。团队需要合作，这样才能比个体之间的竞争更能激发人们的激情
113 "It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves."
113．定位自己，主要是通过定位自己所处的社会团体。
162 "One often hears about the need for individuals to take responsibility for their own lives. However, the conditions in which people find themselves have been largely established long before people become aware of them. Thus, the concept of personal responsibility is much more complicated and unrealistic than is often assumed."
162．我们经常听到个人需要为自己的生活负责任。但是在人们认识到自己所处的情形之前，这些情形很大程度上已确定。所以个人责任要比通常认为的要复杂和不切实际的得多。
75 "It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual."
175．总是某个个人推动了革新；可能由团队完成细节，但是真正的革新来自于个人的进取心与不寻常的洞察力。
199 "Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from individuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone."
199．真正创新的思想不是来自群体，而是来自个人。当一个群体试图创新时，群体中的成员使得彼此相互妥协，最终削弱集体的创造性，趋向遵循传统。大部分创造性思想来自于个人的独立工作。

高频ＡＲＧＵＭＥＮＴ

200Statistics collected from dentists indicate that three times more men than women faint while visiting the dentist. This evidence suggests that men are more likely to be distressed about having dental work done than women are. Thus, dentists who advertise to attract patients should target the male consumer and emphasize both the effectiveness of their anesthetic techniques and the sensitivity of their staff to nervous or suffering patients.

------------------------------

同主题提纲ＡＲＧＵＭＥＮＴ

25, Insufficient evidence:证据不足
The author claims that...by showing that....however, but this piece of information in itself is far from sufficient to demonstrate the assumption that...Although (the information provided by the author) may has some relation with ... (we need more critical important information about the case studied. ) More solid evidence are needed before we could be convinced that ...
5，6，7，14，18，23，24，27，29，31，

aquleUID：2452726

楼主~我从昨天就联系你哪~我想加入哎~直接过来做作业就可以了吗还是怎样？我留言说自己有一个Q群，不知道楼主记得否~

naningooUID：2594658

2# aqule

不好意思，这几天有事．可以直接，我加你了
另外贴我的Ａ２００

It can never be more self-evident that if the dentists want to appeal to the would-be patients,he'll firstly find the target consumer and then show them how great their service is.However,what if the dentists mistaken the wrong group of consumer for their target?Or,if their service just isn't the consumers' cup of tea,maybe relatively or absolutely,what's the point in advertising?

First of all,the arguer preclaims that the male consumer will be their customer at least if they are aware of the excellent staff and techniques they are equipped with.Several questions arise here:What's the frequency of the male consumers having dental disease now and then?Will the number of male patients overwhelm that of female ones?Are they looking for the higher level of anesthetic techniques or more attention and observation from the staff?Most practically,can they afford that kind of treatment even if they want it?

Unfortunity,the statistics and reasoning based on them seem to be humbled by these questions.At the threshold,the higher faint rate of men compared with women is not equal to higher proportion of man than women in patients.There's good odds that the women that faint constitutes just one third of the total female patients while the men that faint make up the whole group of male patients.Moreover,even if the male consumer are qualified as the main customer of the dentists,whether they're interested in the program of the advertisement is still pending.In the light of the statistics,male consumer are more likely to faint,which does not necessarily result from and cannot lead to the distressment about dental work.It can happen that they are not used to the distinct smell of the medicine.Or maybe the majority of male consumers prefer not using anesthesia during the operation and that makes them tend to faint.So,the author's
reasoning is unwarranted.Last but not least,no evidence refers to the buying power of the patients.Therefore,more specific and thorough statatistics about the proportion of all the male and female consumers as well as some questionaires about their backgrounds is needed in order to make the argument more compelling.

Still the conclusion works only if the root statistics was collected in the relevant range of time and place as with the dentists engaged in advertising.Cause the statistics from research conducted in Michigan through 1940-1950 have literally nothing to do with the advertisement for dentists dwell in California or Los Angeles in 21 century.At least one new generation can come into being in 50 years,not to mention the climate,geographical,historic and culture factors.One single change makes a big difference.But the ironic part is that we cannot find anything about when and where the data was gathered.Neither do we know anything about the dentists the author make suggestions to.Before the dentists are encouraged to sink money into advertising,a more comprehensive understanding of the statistics would be beneficial.

This argument for dental advertisement based on statistics of patients could convey crucial information and potentially helps attract consumers.Whereas,more work on data collecting and data processing are needed before this proposal was turned into posters pasted hither and thither.

波波萨UID：2456094

我的A200

In this memo the arguer suggests dentists should target male consumer and emphasize both anesthetic techniques and sensitivity of their staff to nervous or suffering patients. To support his recommendation, the arguer cites a survey which shows male faint three times more than female. Close scrutiny reveals, however, this recommendation has several logical problems, which make the memo unpersuasive.
    To begin with, all of arguer's assumption is based on an unclear and leaky survey. From the survey, the arguer tells us that male patients faint three times than female by the statistics they collected. The fact that more male patients faint than women from the survey does not necessarily means it is the same situation actually. Only when they collect statistics from equal number of male and female patients, will the result of the survey be persuasive. It is a pity that the arguer has not mentioned exact number of either sex. The arguer fails to rule out the possibility that there are much more male than female of people who take part in the survey. If this assumption is true, the statistics would be meaningless because they cannot stand for the general situation. For example, they collected statistics from a hundred men and ten women. It is not able to lead the arguer's conclusion even there are thirty men and ten women faint.
     Secondly, dentists should pay more attention to attract people who need to have dental work more often than those who are more easily to be distressed. Doctors, including surgeon and dentists, are born to release patients from ailment. If dentists are likely to contact with patients who often faint when they are taking dental work in condition that they have known it before their cure, they will not be called doctors but deathsmen. Excellent dentists should regard those people who are most likely to have teeth illness.
     Thirdly, besides the effectiveness of anesthetic techniques and sensitivity, what dentists should emphasize more are their curative effects. The purpose that patients come is not to enjoy the short-lived anesthetic comfort, so anesthetic is only one aspect when patients choose dentists, not the whole part. Most patients would like to choose a skilled dentist rather than a dentist who is good at anesthetic techniques but a greenhand in dental work.
     To sum up, the arguer fails to give strong evidence to support his recommendation. To strength it, we need more information about the survey, especially the number of both male and female patients who takes part. Unless we get believable statics, the survey cannot be considered seriously as it is supposed to be.

naningooUID：2594658

我的A200

In this memo the arguer suggests dentists should target male consumer and emphasize both anesthetic techniques and sensitivity of their staff to nervous or suffering patients. To support his recommendation, the arguer cites a survey which shows male faint three times more than female. Close scrutiny reveals, however, this recommendation has several logical problems, which make the memo unpersuasive.
    To begin with, all of arguer's assumption is based on an unclear and leaky survey. From the survey, the arguer tells us that male patients faint three times than female by the statistics they collected. The fact that more male patients faint than women from the survey does not necessarily means it is the same situation actually. Only when they collect statistics from equal number of male and female patients, will the result of the survey be persuasive. It is a pity that the arguer has not mentioned exact number of either sex. The arguer fails to rule out the possibility that there are much more male than female of people who take part in the survey. If this assumption is true, the statistics would be meaningless because they cannot stand for the general situation. For example, they collected statistics from a hundred men and ten women. It is not able to lead the arguer's conclusion even there are thirty men and ten women faint.(数据用了好大一段哦）
     Secondly, dentists should pay more attention to attract people who need to have dental work more often than those who are more easily to be distressed. Doctors, including surgeon and dentists, are born to release patients from ailment. If dentists are likely to contact with patients who often faint when they are taking dental work in condition that they have known it before their cure, they will not be called doctors but deathsmen(monster也可以),. Excellent dentists should regard those people who are most likely to have teeth illness.（理由还不错）
     Thirdly, besides the effectiveness of anesthetic techniques and sensitivity, what dentists should emphasize more are their curative effects. The purpose that patients come is not to enjoy the short-lived anesthetic comfort, so anesthetic is only one aspect when patients choose dentists, not the whole part. Most patients would like to choose a skilled dentist rather than a dentist who is good at anesthetic techniques but a greenhand in dental work.（理由也还很有说服力）
     To sum up, the arguer fails to give strong evidence to support his recommendation. To strength it, we need more information about the survey, especially the number of both male and female patients who takes part. Unless we get believable statics, the survey cannot be considered seriously as it is supposed to be.

波波萨UID：2456094

拍2楼naningoo


It can never be more self-evident that if the dentists want toappeal(to appeal这个词组是“上诉”的意思) to the would-be patients,
he'll firstly find the target consumer andthen show them how great their service is. However, what if the dentistsmistaken the wrong group of consumer for their target? Or, if their servicejust isn't the consumers' cup of tea, maybe relatively or absolutely, what'sthe point in advertising?（在Argument这种驳论文当中，个人认为第一段必须要论点鲜明，过多的假设和转折可以留到论述里面）

First of all, thearguer preclaims（proclaims?） that the male consumer（复数） will be their customerat least if they are aware of the excellent staff and techniques they areequipped with. Several questions arise here: What's the frequency of the maleconsumers having dental disease now and then? Will the number of male patientsoverwhelm that of female ones? Are they looking for the higher level ofanesthetic techniques or more attention and observation from the staff? Mostpractically,can they afford that kind of treatment even if they want it?（论证没有明确给出所驳斥内容究竟是因为文章中因何而起，另外，这一段似乎是下面几段的总述，个人认为可以放在开始段中，而不是以First of all开始的并列段中）


Unfortunity（unfortunately？）, the statistics andreasoning（复数）
are based on them seem to be humbled by these questions. At thethreshold, the higher faint rate of men compared with women is not equal tohigher proportion of man than women in patients. There's good odds that thewomen that faint constitutes just one third of the total female patients whilethe men that faint make up the whole group of male patients. Moreover, even ifthe male consumer are qualified as the main customer of the dentists, whetherthey're interested in the program of the advertisement is still pending. In thelight of the statistics, male consumer are more likely to faint, which does notnecessarily result from and cannot lead to the distressment(没这个词） about dental work. Itcan happen that they are not used to the distinct smell of the medicine. Ormaybe the majority of male consumers prefer not using anesthesia during theoperation and that makes them tend to faint. So, the author's reasoning isunwarranted.

Last but not least, noevidence refers to the buying power of the patients. Therefore, more specificand thorough statatistics（statistics） about the proportion of all the male and female consumers as wellas some questionaires（没这词） about their backgrounds is needed inorder to make the argument more compelling.

Still the conclusionworks only if the root statistics was collected in the relevant range of timeand place as with the dentists engaged in advertising. Cause the statisticsfrom research conducted in Michigan through 1940-1950 have literally nothing todo with the advertisement for dentists dwell in California or Los Angeles in 21century. At least one new generation can come into being in 50 years, not tomention the climate, geographical, historic and culture factors. One singlechange makes a big difference. But the ironic part is that we cannot findanything about when and where the data was gathered. Neither do we knowanything about the dentists the author make suggestions to. Before the dentistsare encouraged to sink money into advertising, a more comprehensiveunderstanding of the statistics would be beneficial.（上一段已经Last了，每段开头的连接词可以改一改。另外Argument中不需要让步陈述段，而是从各个角度猛烈的批评。）

This argument for dental advertisement based on statistics ofpatients could convey crucial information and potentially helps attractconsumers.（还是上面那句话，Argument当中最好不要出现这种肯定原题的句子） Whereas, more work on data collectingand data processing are needed before this proposal was turned into posterspasted hither and thither.

wangchong6815UID：2870598

我牙疼...

iposkyUID：2960360

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