自由女神小组第二次作业提纲作业

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还有一个提纲没些，先赶作文，先得好匆忙，请狠批
ISSUE的提纲
Issue 174 "Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places."
Outline :
1 . Laws should not be stationary or ossification , it should be refined continuously following the society’s developing .(for example , the united states modified the constitution for several times )
2 . Although laws should be flexible due to the various circumstances ,times and places , it should be relatively stable within a country and a period . because too frequent modifications will make the citizens discredit the law .

178 "It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds."
Outline :
1 . Admittedly , people’s behavior can be governed by the laws , In that the government can coerce the
  citizens to perform the laws by means of force or penalty , even the prison .
2 . However , the legislation can change the nature of human beings if the legislation is stable enough. As is known to us ,there is a saying “do in Rome as Roma does” , equally , the adjust to the law will become natural eventually . Furthermore , people judge the world at the very beginning without using of the purified eyes . they are influenced by the traditional or custom . So the law can define the people’s view and behavior .
3 . Whether the law can change the people’s hearts and minds or not . To start with , we need to figure out the goals of the law , the law should recognize and protect certain basic individual rights and freedoms, such as liberty and equality . Therefore , to some extent , the law is stand for the people’s thinking . Conversely , it can change the people’s minds and hearts. (自己觉得都有点心虚，好象没什么逻辑关联，但又想不到其它的了)

180 "Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated."
Outline:
1 . The laws and the legal system can not solve all the problems which happen in our modern society . because the law legislated can not embrace all the changing things , many problems that are beyond laws’ contention .
2 . the just law is equal with morality , so the moral behavior can be legislated .

169 "Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other."
Outline :
1 . politics and morality are not the separate realms , politicians need conform to the morality . .
2 . some people think that the politics and morality are independent is not because they understand neither the politics or morality . (politicians who are for their own advantages will at the expense of the morality )

Argument的提纲：
1The following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Nature's Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products.

"Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. We should therefore build our next new store in Plainsville, which has many such residents. Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Plainsville's schoolchildren are required to participate in a 'fitness for life' program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age."
Outline :
speaker认为在Plainsville（P能够获利。因为根据以往的经验，在居民对健康重视的地区开店能够获得更多的利润。并列出了相关的论据来证明应该在P开店，给出的证据似乎有道理。
1．   以往的经验并不能说明现在的问题。其，在居民重视健康的地区，商店盈利，也许还有其他的原因。如所生产的产品正好满足当时人们的需要。
2．   P报告称跑鞋和运动服的销量达到了新高，然而这并不能代表人们重视健康，也许穿跑鞋和运动服只是一种时尚。
3．   P的学生被要求参加“健康生活“的活动，但并不能说明他们就一定参加了这个活动。
总结：所以在P开店并不一定能盈利，还应该做进一步的调查：调查P的居民是否对健康食品感兴趣，他们买跑鞋和衣服的原因是为了锻炼身体，学生参加该项活动的普及程度。

2.The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhaven Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven Acres.


"Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community's yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting."
Outline : Speaker认为在Deerhaven对房屋的风景及喷漆采取一套自己的限制能够提升房屋的价值，因为几年前附近的Brookville采取了此类措施后，平均的财富价值翻了三倍
1．   根据B的经验而推出D也应该这样做是不符合逻辑的。两个地区的人们对于购房的要求可能不同，其次两个地区的地理位置也不相同。
2．   B的房屋的平均价值增加了三倍，也许还有其它的因素。比如在B，人口增多了，需要买房的人增多了，房价便宜了，房子的构造得到了改进。
3．   采取美化，房屋外部喷色的行动，必然导致房子的成本提高，房价上涨。从经济的角度，也许D区的居民仍然不会购买。其次，我们并不知道D区的房子的质量如何，质量上不去，房子做得再漂亮，人们不见得会去购买。

3The following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city of Megalopolis.


"In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms
declined by 15 percent over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work."
OUTLINE：在Meghlopolis（M）大型的合作公司应该提供更多的利益，激励，以及减少工作量来吸引法律学院的毕业生
1．过去的三年， M区大型合作公司的法律学生的人数在减少，并且法律学院的毕业生选则在小型公司工作的人数在增加，因为他们在较小的公司能够获得更大的满意度。但这是作者所认为的，并非是法律学生所说的。也许是因为在小型公司工作压力较小，竞争也没有那么激烈。
2．其次，对法律学院的大一新生做调查，没有可靠性。他们才刚刚进校，对于将来的工作方向是不确定的。他们对社会，本学科的了解不可能足够的深入，凭借自己的喜好下结论是没有可借鉴性的。
3．如果法律学院的学生的确是重视工作满意度，但提供更多的好处，刺激，和减少工作时间并不一定就能增加他们的工作满意度，他们也许需要的是减少工作的压力。

4The following was posted on an Internet real estate discussion site.


"Of the two leading real estate firms in our town—Adams Realty and Fitch Realty—Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams' revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitch's $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams."
OUTLINE：如果你想使你的房子卖得快并且卖个好价钱，你应该使用Adams(A)而不是Fitch(F)
1．   A要F优越，因为A有40个房地产而F只有25，而且F的员工大多是作兼职。但是A的房地产较多只能说明它的规模较大，并不能从而推断A要好一些。F的员工大多是兼职，但也许他们的效率较高。
2．   .A的收入要比F的高出两倍，并且A销售的家庭住房的平均价格为$168,000，而F销售的平均价格为  $144，000。A的家庭住房的平均价格要高也许是A和F所销售的房子的类型不同，比如A专门销售豪放住房，价格自然会高些。这样一来加上A的房地产要比F多得多，价格高出两倍也就不足以证明F的销售情况就要差一些。
3．   10年以前Speaker在F卖房子，花了4个多月，而去年SPEAKER在A卖了另一套房子，仅花了一个月。但10年前与去年没法比，比如去年买房子的人增多了。而且，Speaker卖的是不同的房子，也许去年的那套房子更容易卖出。
5The following appeared in the business section of a newspaper.

"Given that the number of people in our country with some form of arthritis is expected to rise from 40 million to 60 million over the next twenty years, pharmaceutical companies that produce drugs for the treatment of arthritis should be very profitable. Many analysts believe that in ten years Becton Pharmaceuticals, which makes Xenon, the best-selling drug treatment for arthritis, will be the most profitable pharmaceutical company. But the patent on Xenon expires in three years, and other companies will then be able to produce a cheaper version of the drug. Thus, it is more likely that in ten years the most profitable pharmaceutical company will be Perkins Pharmaceuticals, maker of a new drug called Xylan, which clinical studies show is preferred over Xenon by seven out of ten patients suffering from the most extreme cases of arthritis."
OUTLINE：
1．




6The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe.

"A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroe's jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is 'Jazz Nightly,' which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money."
Outline :在Monroe（M）建立一个爵士音乐俱乐部将会或的巨大的利润。作者举出了相关的论据，似乎是有道理的，但却不充分。
1 .最近的爵士音乐俱乐部有65英里远，所以在当地建立C Note 将占有整个当地市场。
  最近的俱乐部也有65英里远，也许正好说明了在当地建俱乐部不可行，要不早就会有人提出建俱乐部的想法
  2．爵士乐在M很流行，因为去年暑假有100，000人参加了M的爵士乐的节日，并且一些知名的爵士家也住在M。但这100，000人中也许还有外地的人，当地人占多少我们并不知道。其次，在M住有知名的爵士家那为什么在M没有俱乐部呢？正好说明了也许在M建俱乐部的不可行性。
3 .在M最受欢迎的广播节目是“jazz nightly”，但人们喜欢听爵士乐的节目并不能肯定他们会喜欢去爵士乐俱乐部。
4．一项全国的调查显示，典型爵士爱好者每年将近花费$1，000在爵士乐娱乐上。但全国性的调查范围太宽泛，不能准确的说明问题。

[ 本帖最后由 wonderfullname 于 2007-1-5 20:03 编辑 ]