【7\8\910】第七次作业 issue 51 希望大家有空瞧瞧感觉有点困惑

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TOPIC: ISSUE51 - "Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."



1从理想的角度来看上，符合不同个体特点和兴趣的教学模式抓住了教育的本质，使每个人的潜能得到充分发挥，对于个体而言的确是极大的优势。
2．当代社会教育的目标的提高大多数人综合素质，而个体化的设计只能面向少数人，因为教育资源有限。过分强调个别化教育只会造成这样的局面：少数人接受了良好的教育，大多数人失去了受教育的机会。所以对整个社会来说，统一的教育才是对有限教育资源的一种高效率的利用。
3基础教育可以并且应当统一：此时所教授的是将来在任何领域深入学习都需要的基本知识和技巧；基础教育不仅要传授知识，更重要的是传授学习的方法，而学习方法从本质上来讲是无差别的；基础教育还起到启蒙和帮助孩子寻找自己兴趣所在的作用，个别化教育也只有当孩子明确特长和兴趣之后才能开展。而统一教材和考试也为制定选拔人才的标准提供的便利。
4在特定情景下个别化教育也是有其优势和必要性的。比如针对一些肢体残疾，智障或者心理疾病的儿童，社会有责任为他们提供个别化教育。比如高等教育阶段，为了更好的培养专业人才，研究生、博士生选课选题的权利，导师一对一的培养。这是在统一个个别化之间找现实的平衡点。总之，个别化设计有其不可抹杀的优势和实现的难度，目前，只能选择性的在特定领域，如面向弱势群体的教育，和高等教育阶段去实验。从整体上看，真正高效利用社会资源的，达到其教育目的的还是统一教育模式

Is such education that designed to meet the individual needs and interests the only effective way? The author claims so. I concede that individual education plan has its advantages which the general education methods can't provide. Nevertheless, in my view the general education way is most effective in real life on the whole.

Admittedly, in ideal level, educational plans designed to satisfy every student's needs and interests accord with the essence of education--make individual potential abilities and interests fully developed. Because it is one vital goal of education to help people live a better life. And only working in real interested field can make one happy and lead one to success, so special designed study plan will be welcomed. As we all know, interest is a best motivation for learning. Therefore education plans designed for different students are effective in individual level.

However, as I mentioned, there is a certain presumption before we assert it is effective: we need a ideal world where educational resources are endless. Facing our real situation, this idea for education will surely meet a lot of problems, because of the limitation of educational resources.  If we over stress the individual learning plan, the result will turn out unsatisfactory. Some guys may benefits a lot under the plenty resources for learning, such as a specially appointed teacher on himself, While other may lack of teachers even books. The special education will cause unfair situation for the reason that the amount of educational funds remain is able to afford everyone to be educated in such an expensive way. Therefore the traditional way of school learning rather than the ideal individual way promises us that the limited resources will be fully used to supply the majority chances of education. In fact, in the modern society, our educational goal is to improve the whole quality of people and to promote the entire development then to improve people's life. By means of general education, we could make it come. So it is the general education that is truly effective and practical instead of the individual one.

Aside from the forgoing assertions, I fundamentally believe that we should find a balance point between general education and individually education. As the life experiences told me, primary education should and could be unified. First, children learn the basic knowledge and skills, as reading, writing, calculation, which is the basis for further exploration in any subjects during primary period. Second, it’s the major task to learn the principles of learning and creative thinking but rather the knowledge itself in this process. And these learning principles are same in essence. So it’s no need to vary the learning plans for everyone. What’s more, children need to discovery and from their interests and strong points which are the basis of individual education plan, during the primary study. And it’s easy to make the standards of evaluating the results of study and of deciding who enter the universities if the learning content is same. With so many facts, it’s no doubt that primary education should be done in general unified way.

Yet when should we practice the specially designed education? That should be the case. When the students are special in either physical or psychological aspects, the society has the responsibility to provide them a special designed learning plan to help them adapt to the social life. I once visit a school designed for autisms where the teachers just play music with and try to communicate with the children all day long. Every child has a fixed teacher to be his/her ‘playmate’. Because the physical challenged and mentally challenged children cover a minority. It won’t be a tough burden for the society. Another case is that in the advanced education period, to effectively train future experts, postgraduates and doctors have the rights to arrange their courses, to choose their supervisor, to decide their research orientations, which mean to have their own learning arrangement according to their needs and interests.

In sum, individual education has its advantages under certain circumstance, but not practically effective, let alone to be the only effective way of education. At the same time, the general education designed for common people without distinctions play a effective role in the situation that the resources for education is limited

[ 本帖最后由 lisheng19881108 于 2008-7-28 20:03 编辑 ]