Issue48 义无返顾小组第十二次作业

yuviUID: 2169411

48"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."

提纲:完全反对

1. 从战争历史来看(例子:法国大革命)
2. 从艺术历史来看(例子:意大利文艺复兴)
3. 从学术历史来看(例子:哲学中不同时期的观点演变)

Is the study of history places too much emphasis on individuals rather than on groups of people? I do not agree with this statement because in my opinion, history is always made by few individuals, and in many different fields, individuals were made the most significant events and trends to some extents. I will present my point of views in three different fields of the history in the following:

First, I would like to talk about in the history of war, the military leader is always the most important role to decide the development of such history. Take French Revolution for example, Napoleon I, as we all know, is the most famous leader at that time. He was made many significant decisions in the French Revolution and led French army occupied most areas in Western Europe. In this case here, can we say that French Revolution was influenced by those people who enlisted, much more than the effects made by the leadership of Napoleon? The answer is definitely no. Napoleon, as an unforgettable military leader might be memorized in the history of war for thousands year, but those people who also involved in the French Revolution, were not worth much more than the study basic on Napoleon this particular person.

Second, the representative figures are the components of the history of arts. For instance, in the period of Italian Renaissance, there were three major art figures: Da Vinci, Raffaello, and Michelangelo. All of their works are representing the trends in the art field of Italian Renaissance. As we all know, in that period of Italy, there were thousands people doing the same art works like them. However, caused outstanding effects made by Da Vinci, Raffaello, and Michelangelo, and their art styles were been the most preeminent to compare with all other art workers at that time. Therefore, their works and even themselves are worth for the emphasis study in the field of the history of arts in the period of Italian Renaissance.

Last but not least, in the history of academia, the person who gives the ideas, or the thoughts, or the creations etc. in one particular field, is the one that worth for us to study with. Take the history of philosophy for example. In the Sixteen Century, Descartes' attitude for the time is: "What am I?" Turning to the Eighteen Century, Kant says in his time: "What am I at present?" And then Michel Foucault points out in the Twenty-first Century: "We have to refuse what are we, rather than to find out what we are in today's world." The changes we can see from those philosophers, their point of views were transforming from a period to another period, and all of them were got their own ideas in their own times. In short, in the history of philosophy, Descartes, Kant, and Foucault can be seen as the few people who worth for today's study.

In conclusion, as I have described in the above, the history in the fields of war, culture, and academia are depend on the few famous leaders, figures or thinkers. As far as I concerned, the same happened in other fields of history as well. In short, I disagree with the statement and would like to say that the study of history is need to place emphasis on individuals rather than the groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.

(567 words)

迟交了,先自我检讨~~再批评全组成员~~(今天全组都迟交哈?)

我这篇没有写让步段,全部是例子,不知道这种写法是不是太冒风险了?
唯一高兴的:这次限时成功~~:)写完还多了三分种..
可是语言还是很弱智.修改的同学请将就看看吧.:(

[ 本帖最后由 yuvi 于 2006-5-26 17:11 编辑 ]

glxingUID: 2156425

芹菜，好久没见你更新咱们的大贴子了。
咱们速度好快啊，现在是一天一篇对么？有点糊涂了。

glxingUID: 2156425

提纲：
1，群体应该被关注：他们有贡献；研究他们可以使我们更清楚合作的重要
2，少数人应该被特别关注，他们贡献最大；研究历史的目的使然。

TOPIC: ISSUE48 - "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
WORDS: 439          TIME: 0:45:00          DATE: 2006-5-26

The author wants to emphasize that groups of people have created the history although their identities have long been forgotten. I agree with the author that the study of history should not neglect the role groups of people have played, but we should also place enough emphasis on individuals.

On the one hand, it is indeed true that most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by some individuals but by groups of people. Take the activities against race discrimination as an example. Those activities were leaded by Martin Luther King in 1960s, but no one can say that these activities can succeed without King's partners and supporters. Actually, remembering those people can benefit us a lot because it can inform us the importance of cooperation. After knowing so many groups of people attending the significant events, we would like to join in certain groups and cooperate with others under the leading of some famous individuals. For example, the great project today in the world is the gene project, which is done by thousands of scientists in several countries. It is undoubted that the success of this project will solve kinds of diseases fundamentally and then change the human history significantly. Every scientist belongs to the group of people and they are all deserved the reputation in history no matter whether he or she is the leader of this project.

On the other hand, we can not deny that there always are some famous individuals who play the critical role in the whole process of events. From this point of view, the study of history should pay more attention to them so that we can learn more from such kind of people. We still take Martin Luther King as an example. He was the first people who acted against the race discrimination in public and gave many lectures all over the country to call for people, so he contributed most for the success of activities in fact. With limited time and energy, the historians have to pay more attention on him. Also, the most important purpose of studying history is to provide examples to the later. If we want to know about the anti-discrimination, the full study about  Martin Luther King rather than groups of people undoubtedly is the best textbook.

In sum, the significant events and trends in history were actually made by groups of people, who deserve the same honor and knowing this can help us to know the importance of cooperation. However, the purpose of studying history requires that historians have to pay more attention on those individuals than groups of people.

kittywen_16UID: 2135347

48. "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were

made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
历史研究过于关注个人。历史上最有意义的事件和潮流能够成为可能不是因为几个少数的名人而是一些身份早就被淡忘的人群。
少数和多数，精英和大众


  (1) 历史是抽象的，通过具体的事件和人物来表现，对他们的生平和思想的研究可以为历史研究提供线索；
（2）不可否认，群众在此也发挥重要作用，名人的丰功伟绩也需要多数人的支持才能取得历史研究不能忽视；
（3) 无论个人还是群体，都只是历史洪流中的一分子，他们也只起到加速或减缓历史进程的作用；，


History is explaining the change in human behaviors, but like other humanities, it is too abstract. It is impossible for us to live through and witness its development. Oweing to some significant events and figures, which provide extensive materials and satisfactory evidence for the complex social advance, we are available to study the human conditions in quite remote past with clear clues. However, what the study of history should focus on, the few individuals or the groups? Insofar  I see, overemphasis either side would lead to some misunderstanding of the history.

Actually, many significant events and trends in history discovered by historian and archaeologist are from the few famous people. When historian research Rome Empire, they date the beginning of the empire from the time when Rome Senate gave Gaius Octavius the name Augustus who later leaded the country to its peak. When we talked about the renaissance, some famous figures will come to our minds, such as da Vinci, who is best remembered as the painter of the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, Bruno, whose dramatic death gave a shock to the Inquistion. If we retrospect American civil rights movement, we can't neglect King, Martin, Luther, who challenged to segregation and discrimination with his whole life. All these people are usually regarded as the elites or heroes in human history .By research thousands of  documents concerning them, we can look at the fragnences of history and reconstruct what had happened far removed from present time.In this sense, their person exprience  have play significant role in historical research.


Admittedly, the elites and heroes had huge impact on history. Moreover, it is wrong for us to pay too much attention on them. Without the assistant from their supports, they won't acquire so many achievements. The story of Columbus can be served as a typical example. In the fifteenth century, most people thought earth was flat and a monster or a trip over the edge of the earth waited for anyone who sailed outside the limit known torritory. People even laughed or jailed at other who dared to think earth is in shape of a globe. However, Christophy Columbus was bold enough to push this notion into practice. With the financial support from the Queen Isabella, he and ninety men set sailing from Spain ,through Africa until they arrived in the new world of Amercia. Although it is generally acknowledged that Columbus was the first European to find the new land, nobody can ignore the roles other people had played in this great events, such as the Queen, other sailors. Without their help, Columbus can't futile this hard task by his own effort. Unfortunately, too much emphasis has been placed in the hero himself.

Unquestionably, the advance of history is object which is beyond the control of human being. The events and trends will definitely occur no matter who were involved in, the famous few or the multitude. They have merely impact on the process of the history, either accelerating or lowing. Given Columbus gave up his adventure for some difficulties, it is certain that other people will find American in the end.

As a result, we should emphasis on individuals and groups in history study, but realize all of them are ingredients in the long history trend. only by this fundamental view, can we discovery the essence of the history .

真是比毕业论文还难写:(:(:(

[ 本帖最后由 kittywen_16 于 2006-5-27 10:31 编辑 ]

kittywen_16UID: 2135347

检讨一下，我没有按时交作业，因为……下次尽量避免，芹菜妹妹辛苦了，总是监督我们

[ 本帖最后由 kittywen_16 于 2006-5-27 10:48 编辑 ]

yuviUID: 2169411

第十二次作业互改顺序:

kitty-->小蜗牛-->yuvi--->kitty

yuviUID: 2169411

我改kitty的:




History is explaining the change（历史解释了人类的行为？MS解释人类行为是心理学家的工作吧，呵呵。。不如说历史是时间的镜子之类的比喻） in human behaviors, but like other humanities, it is too abstract（chinglish）. It is impossible for us to live through and witness its development. Oweing to some significant events and figures, which provide extensive materials and satisfactory evidence for the complex social advance, we are available to study the human conditions（人类条件？） in quite remote past with clear clues. However, what the study of history should focus on, the few individuals or the groups? Insofar  I see, overemphasis either side would lead to some misunderstanding of the history.（觉得这个开头有点点罗嗦，而且这样很容易让人觉得观点混淆。建议kitty精简一下：）
Actually, many significant events and trends in history discovered by historian and archaeologist are from the few famous people. When historian research Rome Empire, they date the beginning of the empire from the time when Rome Senate gave Gaius Octavius the name Augustus who later leaded the country to its peak. When we talked about the renaissance, some famous figures will come to our minds, such as da Vinci, who is best remembered （这里要改） as the painter of the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, Bruno, whose dramatic death gave a shock to the Inquistion. If we retrospect American civil rights movement, we can't neglect King, Martin, Luther,（martin luther king 就可以了啊） who challenged to segregation and discrimination with his whole life. All these people are usually regarded as the elites or heroes in human history .By research thousands of  documents concerning them, we can look at the fragnences of history and reconstruct what had happened far removed from present time.In this sense, their person experience（需要改） have play significant role in historical research.


Admittedly, the elites and heroes had huge impact on history. Moreover, it is wrong for us to pay too much attention on them. （怎么把自己开头的话给反驳了呢？这里之前我都以为你要写中立的态度，但是看到这里，似乎是有条件的反对？）Without the assistant from their supports, they（这里的they指代谁呢？） won't acquire so many achievements. The story of Columbus can be served as a typical example. In the fifteenth century, most people thought earth was flat and a monster or a trip over the edge of the earth waited for anyone who sailed outside the limit known torritory. People even laughed or jailed at other who dared to think earth is in shape of a globe. However, Christophy Columbus was bold enough to push this notion into practice. With the financial support from the Queen Isabella, he and ninety men set sailing from Spain ,through Africa until they arrived in the new world of Amercia. Although it is generally acknowledged that Columbus was the first European to find the new land, nobody can ignore the roles other people had played in this great events, such as the Queen, other sailors. Without their help, Columbus can't futile this hard task by his own effort. Unfortunately, too much emphasis has been placed in the hero himself.（这一段让我觉得你的观点混淆了。。既然是不同意题目里说的个人比较重要，那么开始就应该点出来的哈。而不是给一个摸棱两可的开头）
Unquestionably, the advance of history is object which is beyond the control of human being. The events and trends will definitely occur no matter who were involved in, the famous few or the multitude. They have merely impact on the process of the history, either accelerating or lowing. Given Columbus gave up his adventure for some difficulties, it is certain that other people will find American in the end.（这一段觉得有点硬添上来的感觉，既不是让步也不是转折？）
As a result, we should emphasis on individuals and groups in history study, but realize all of them are ingredients in the long history trend. only by this fundamental view, can we discovery the essence of the history .（？？？不懂最后什么意思喔？）

总结：

KITTY的文章应该是有条件的反对，但是开头却写的是中立的态度。而且我觉得开头有点罗嗦了哈，所以建议重新写一下开头段，还有文章里的最后一个论点很模糊，不知道它的作用到底是什么呢？
另外，里面有些语法错误和错别字，不知道是不是因为限时写作的缘故？？呵呵。。

glxingUID: 2156425

小蜗牛批改芹菜的

48"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."

提纲:完全反对（很危险，反正我不敢冒险）
1. 从战争历史来看(例子:法国大革命)
2. 从艺术历史来看(例子:意大利文艺复兴)
3. 从学术历史来看(例子:哲学中不同时期的观点演变)

Is the study of history places too much emphasis on individuals rather than on groups of people? I do not agree with this statement because in my opinion, history is always made by few individuals, and in many different fields, individuals were made the most significant events and trends to some extents. I will present my point of views in three different fields of the history in the following:

First, I would like to talk about say that  in the history of war,改成军事领域不行吗？觉得战争历史有点别扭。 the military leader is always the most important role to decide the development of such history. Take French Revolution for example, Napoleon I, as we all know, is the most famous leader at that time. He was made many significant decisions in the French Revolution and led French army occupied most areas inmost of Western Europe. In this case here, can we say that French Revolution was influenced by those people who enlisted,为什么加逗号呢，差点理解错误 much more than the effects made by the leadership of Napoleon? The answer is definitely no. Napoleon, as an unforgettable military leader might be memorized in the history of war for thousands year, but those people who also involved in the French Revolution, were not worth much more than the study basic on Napoleon this particular person.  这一段说的很有力，学习ing、、、、
Second, the representative figures are the components of the history of arts这一句话意思不通阿.在老外280篇给你找到了一个例句：the same principle also applies on the history of arts. For instance, in the period of Italian Renaissance, there were three major art figures: Da Vinci, Raffaello, and Michelangelo. All of their works are representing the trends in the art field of Italian Renaissance. As we all know, in that period of Italy, there were thousands people doing the same art works like them. However, caused outstanding effects made by Da Vinci, Raffaello, and Michelangelo,这句话有问题哦 and their art styles were been the most preeminent to删去to compare with all other art workers at that time. Therefore, their works and even themselves are worth for the emphasis study in the field of the history of arts in the period of Italian Renaissance.如果你能把三个人各自所创造的流派写出来就更精彩了
Last but not least, in the history of academia, the person who gives the ideas, or the thoughts, or the creations etc. in one particular field, is the one that worth for us to study with. Take the history of philosophy for example. In the Sixteen Century, Descartes' attitude for the time is: "What am I?" Turning to the Eighteen Century, Kant says in his time: "What am I at present?" And then Michel Foucault points out in the Twenty-first Century: "We have to refuse what are we, rather than to find out what we are in today's world." The changes we can see from those philosophers, their point of views were transforming from a period to another period, and all of them were got their own ideas in their own times. 者一句话好像少成分In short, in the history of philosophy, Descartes, Kant, and Foucault can be seen as the few people who worth for today's study.在这句话之前你应该论证他们做了改变历史的事情（你仅仅举出了他们的一些言论），然后才可以说他们值得研究。
In conclusion, as I have described in the above, the history in the fields of war, culture, and academia are depend on the few famous leaders, figures or thinkers. As far as I concerned, 怎么就你而言呢，你说in fact 不行吗？the same happened in other fields of history as well. In short, I disagree with the statement and would like to say that the study of history is need to place emphasis on individuals rather than the groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.


芹菜，你好大胆啊，竟然敢这样写，呵呵。
不过，总体上论证的还挺好，第三段稍次一些。
考虑到你限时了，我只能恭喜你：有进步！！！

glxingUID: 2156425

这么几个人交作业，让我如何小结，唉，罢了罢了，将就着点吧。

最勇敢的人：芹菜——她完全反对的观点着实令人耳目一新，而且分类论证又是很聪明的一招。 强烈建议大家看一看。

我和kitty都是让步的反对，我比较欣赏kitty的论证——有几段过渡很自然的。

By the way，kitty又没有给我改作文，连续好几次“欺负”我了，大家要替我作主啊、、、、、:mad:

[ 本帖最后由 glxing 于 2006-5-28 21:57 编辑 ]

kittywen_16UID: 2135347

The author wants to emphasize that groups of people have created the history although their identities have long been forgotten. I agree with the author that the study of history should not neglect the role groups of people have played, but we should also place enough emphasis on individuals.【学习一下，我也是赞成作者观点，最后一段再让步，为什么我写出来就观点模糊了呢】

On the one hand, it is indeed true that most significant events and trends in history were made possible not【chi English了，were possibly not made 】 by some individuals but by groups of people. Take the activities against race discrimination as an example. Those activities were leaded by Martin Luther King in 1960s, but no one can say【say 太平淡了】 that these activities can succeed without King's partners【父母也参与了？没有父母就没有他：0】 and supporters. Actually, remembering those people can benefit us a lot because it can inform us the importance of cooperation. After knowing so many groups of people attending the significant events, we would like to join in certain groups and cooperate with others under the leading of some famous individuals【这句话有点别扭，知道了合作的重要性就会去参加某个组织吗】. For example, the great project today in the world is the gene project, which is done by thousands of scientists in several countries. It is undoubted that the success of this project will solve kinds of diseases fundamentally and then change the human history significantly. Every scientist belongs to the group of people and they are all deserved the reputation in history no matter whether he or she is the leader of this project.【】

On the other hand, we can not deny that there always are some famous individuals who play the critical role in the whole process of events. From this point of view, the study of history should pay more attention to them so that we can learn more from such kind of people. We still take Martin Luther King as an example. He was the first people who acted against the race discrimination in public and gave many lectures all over the country to call for people, so he contributed most for the success of activities in fact. With limited time and energy, the historians have to pay more attention on him【不好，不是因为历史学家的时间和精力有限才不得不研究马丁，一个人有限还有同行，一生不够还有后辈，这个不是理由。建议改为他的突出事迹和发挥的领导作用引起史学家关注，有研究的必要】. Also, the most important purpose of studying history is to provide examples to the later. If we want to know about the anti-discrimination, the full study about  Martin Luther King rather than groups of people undoubtedly is the best textbook.

In sum, the significant events and trends in history were actually made by groups of people, who deserve the same honor and knowing this can help us to know the importance of cooperation. However, the purpose of studying history requires that historians have to pay more attention on those individuals than groups of people.
总结：论点清晰，语言简练。不足之处是在于例子举得没有说服力，以及论点意义的升华上有点牵强。this can help us to know the importance of cooperation。现在限时能写出这样，不错。
蜗牛，不好意思，上一次打开帖子还没有公布互改名单，除了这次，还有什么时候把你漏了？

[ 本帖最后由 kittywen_16 于 2006-5-29 06:52 编辑 ]