{0706G-Aspire互改小组No.1成员77]第一次作业，请大家不吝板斧

seven741UID: 2260128

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issue 4、"No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."
Positon:  agree--subjects are widely interrelated
A:        physics and math push each other forward
          1).physics is to some extent depend on math
          2).math is sometimes driven by phyiscal needs
B:        two different subjects can give birth to a new branch of study,e.g. biochemestry
C:        scientific researches need expertise of various fields,e.g. HGP
Conclusion:people from different fields should cooperate closely
Different fields of study are so interrelated with each other that one subject can help to introduce significant  advances to another by bringing its knowledge and experience and that collaboration among them is necessary in researches.
Admittedly,every field of study has its own methodology and way of understanding the world.Physicists explore the real world by finding physical regulations,mathematists use expressions and theorems to depict the universe,and writers give insights to our real life with pens. Ostensibly, these different fields are very much isolated from each other.But, what really matters are interactions between them.
Since its early stage,physics has been intimately dependent on math,which can be reflected from that the former takes advantage of the latter for calculating,logical analyzing and result expressing. At the time when people just knew classical maths,the subjuct of physics is also in simple form,which may have limited its ability to solve complex problems.Whereas, with the appearance of modern mathematics like calculus (which is itself the by-product of Newton's physical research) and analysissitus（拓朴学）,physics has also been  advancing rapidly because they are relying so largely on math to further its quantative researches.It is no exaggeration to say that math is one of the main power to push  physics theories forward.
And from the adverse aspect,physics contributes a lot to the development of math. As physical researches are facing plenty of realistic problems that require inventing new mathematical theories or further developing existing mathematical methods,they are helping to introduce new subdivisions and new methodologies into math.In modern mathematics, many branches of math are originated from physical problems.In many cases, what math scientists do is to extract important concepts, derive thoerems and may finally put them back into physics to guide the solution of physical problems.
When two subjects meet, it may shed light on a new division of research.For instance,biochemisty which focuses on chemical substances and reactions during biological courses, is the combination of biology and chemistry.To explore the nature of biological phenomena,biologist turned to chemistists for help,thus giving birth to the new subject. With the help of chemical knowledge,researchers can  look inside more deeply into biological reactions.
Actually, during real investigations,more than one expertises are required. There are many examples that illustrate the neccesity of multltiple experts belonging to different fields in a research work. The Humane Genome Project, for instance,is enabled by not only biologists,who have quite a lot knowlege of genome,but also other experts in fields like computering,finance,journalism and law.The original plan of exploring all genome sequences are first raised by gene experts who have deep understanding of its meaning.Through correct propaganda by journalists,people become insterested in the HGP, and then governments and finacing organizations invest money on it.Once the plan starts,computer experts are needed to write programs which will deal with huge amount of numerical process.At last,when we succeed in coding all human genes,law should be made to regulate the use of genes.
As a summary, fields of study interacts and collaborates through a sophisticated net. So we should keep in mind that to advance the technology, people from all divisions should  coopertate closely.

提纲：
Issue 31"Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."
Position: Whether money should be invested on a research work needs discussion.It's not always efficient to put undue money to researches.
A:     Admittedly,some research are necessary to the public,either by introducing material advancement or giving spiritual values,even when their results lead to some disadvantages. e.g. the research of pesticide(农药)
B:     The first rule to determine whether to give money to a research is not to break away from the moralities. e.g. the clone of people
C:      The second rule to be considered before researching investments are efficency.One particular research should prove itself to be more efficient than others.
D:     Another factor is that researches should have originalities.Or money spent on that will be a waste by copying others' conclusion.
Conclusion: Moralities,laws,values and creativities should be carefully considered before invest money on research.

Issue 43"To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards."
Position: Agree---An effective official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
A:  A public offical represent the fame of public, he is engaged to keep to moralities.
B:   Only when officials with high ethics will keep minds to stand on the publics' side.
C:   To set an example for others, a public leader should behave himself. Or their orders will be overlooked by his members.
D:   Officials keeping alert to ethics will pay more attentions to public work more than individual profits.
E:    But, officials should not be too demanded because they themselves are common individuals. Or they will be too tired.
Conclusion: To be an effecive leader ,officials should focus more on obeying moralities while enjoying their life leisurely at spare times.

Issue 56"Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future."
Position: Government should pay attention to solving both immediate problems as well as future problems.
A:     Urgent problems of today should be given highlightened concerns because 1) it endagers people's immediate suvival 2)it will extend to the future hazadizing future developments . e.g. the racial wars and enviromental pollutions
B:      Future problems are also so important that it should be focused on in advance, because 1)future development is more important in some sense,2)early attention will help to attenuate or solve those problems.  e.g. the exhausting resources and the green house effect
C:  From the above discussion,there are no obvious distinctions between nowadays and future problems because they are interchanging all the time.
Conclusive: What we are to do is not to distinguish what problem belongs to now or what problem belongs to future but to make out what is jeopardizing our planet and to stick to those problems.


Argue 26：The following appeared in a memo from the chairperson of the school board in the town of Saluda. "For the past five years, Mr. Charles Schade has been the music director at Steel City High School, and during that time the school band from Steel City High has won three regional band competitions. In addition, the quality of the music rehearsal facilities and musical instruments at Steel City High has improved markedly over the past five years. Because of such successes at Steel City High, the Saluda school board should hire Mr. Schade to plan and direct the general music education programs for the entire Saluda school system."
A: Evidences are short of to show the sure relationship between Mr. Charles Schade's direction and the school band's winning fames.There are other possibilities that other teachers or members of  school bands have contributed to
success.
B: Still, little has shown that the marked bettering of musical conditions should be attributed to him.Other factors will be that investments are enlarged during this period of time,  or people are giving more attention to musical courses.
Conclusion is that there is not enough reason for the board to hire him as ...

Argue 42：The following appeared in a proposal from the economic minister of the country of Paraterra. "In order to strengthen its lagging economy, last year the government of the nearby country of Bellegea began an advertising campaign to promote ecologically sound tourism (ecotourism). This year the number of foreign visitors arriving at Bellegea's main airport doubled, and per capita income in Bellegea increased by ten percent. To provide more income for the population of Paraterra and also preserve the natural environment of our tiny country, we too should begin to promote ecotourism. To ensure that our advertising campaign is successful, we should hire the current director of Bellegea's National Tourism Office as a consultant for the campaign."
A: The author failed to present evidences which will show the readers clearly about the sure relationship between tourist increasement and the advertising campaign.It can't be excluded that weather factors,travelling improvements or economica improvements lead primarily to that increasement.
B: The author also lack facts to support his point of view that promoting ecotourism  will certainly provide more income for the population of Paraterra.Maybe people come to this city for its cultural attractions, or tourists like the freedom of this area.
C: Still,he didn't reason on why the current director should be thought as the best contributor,which underlies his argument of hiring the director of  Bellegea's National Tourism Office as a consultant. The best contributor is probably other people than this director.

[ 本帖最后由 seven741 于 2007-1-29 22:24 编辑 ]

kooyiiUID: 2177986

Different fields of study are so interrelated with each other that one subject can help to introduce significant  advances to another by bringing its knowledge and experience and that collaboration among them is necessary in researches.
     Admittedly ,every field of study has its own methodology（这个好像是方法论，是不是有点不太合适？） and way of understanding the world. Physicists explore the real world by finding physical regulations ,mathematists（mathematician） use expressions and theorems to depict the universe, and writers give insights to our real life with pens. Ostensibly, these different fields are very much isolated from each other（这里前后是不是不太连贯呢？翻成中文：表面上，这些学科都很独立，但是，究竟是什么连接着他们？） .But, what really matters are interactions between them.
    Since its early stage（这个词用得好啊）, physics has been intimately dependent on math ,which can be reflected from that the former takes advantage of the latter for calculating logical analyzing（logical ananlyzing什么意思？） and result expressing. At the time when people just knew classical maths  ,the subjuct（subject） of physics is also in simple form, which may have limited its ability to solve complex problems（这里which指的是什么？句子是不是要倒一下？应该是数学的simple form限制物理的发展吧？）. Whereas , with the appearance of modern mathematics like calculus (which is itself the by-product of Newton's physical research) and analysissitus（拓朴学）,physics has also been  advancing rapidly because they are relying so largely on math to further its quantative researches(这里是要说量子的研究吗？好像没有quantative这个词ba?). It is no exaggeration to say that math is one of the main power to push  physics theories forward.
     And from the adverse aspect（我觉得这里用了adverse应该是表达相反的观点，而不是另外的一个观点）, physics contributes a lot to the development of math. As physical researches are facing plenty of realistic problems that require inventing new mathematical theories or further developing existing mathematical methods, they are helping to introduce new subdivisions and new methodologies into math.In modern mathematics, many branches of math are originated from physical problems. In many cases, what math scientists do is to extract important concepts, derive thoerems（theorems, derive theorems翻成中文什么意思？跟extract concepts可以并列么？） and may finally put them back into physics to guide the solution of physical problems.
      When two subjects meet, it may shed light on a new division of research. For instance, biochemisty（biochemistry） which focuses on chemical substances and reactions during biological courses, is the combination of biology and chemistry .To explore the nature of biological phenomena ,biologist turned to chemistists（chemist） for help, thus giving birth to the new subject. With the help of chemical knowledge ,researchers can  look inside more deeply into biological reactions.
      Actually, during real investigations, more than one expertises（expertise） are required. There are many examples that illustrate the neccesity（necessity） of multltiple（multiplex?） experts belonging to different fields in a research work. The Humane Genome Project(在这里注上HGP吧), for instance ,is enabled by not only biologists ,who have quite a lot knowledge(knowledge) of genome ,but also other experts in fields like computering(这个….CS的人看了会不爽的哈哈~应该是computer science吧),finance, journalism and law. The original plan of exploring all genome sequences are first raised by gene experts who have deep understanding of its meaning. Through correct propaganda by journalists, people become insterested（interested） in the HGP, and then governments and finacing （finance）organizations invest money on it. Once the plan starts, computer experts are needed to write programs which will deal with huge amount of numerical process .At last, when we succeed in coding all human genes, law should be made to regulate the use of genes.
     As a summary, fields of study interacts and collaborates through a sophisticated（这种词你都知道？太牛了吧~？） net. So we should keep in mind that to advance the technology, people from all divisions should  coopertate（cooperrate） closely.

处女改…….汗…….：

1.       错别字。呵呵，我第一次打出来也是在那些学科名称上狂错，这个我们都要注意。建议下次打完后放到word里面检查语法跟错字再发上来。
2.       很多用词用得很到位，功力深啊~~~学了不少~
3.       句式什么的都很不错啦，逻辑语言也蛮连贯的，第一次写成这样很不错了~

小ROC同学没有交作业，呵呵，那我就帮你改改了~~~如果有改得不对的，或者有些地方要讨论的，还有那些我不确定的东西,都回到你这个贴吧~

seven741UID: 2260128

针对每一个批改点，回复如下：
1.methodology-----我把它理解为方法体系，但不知道对不对的，所以改成： method system；
2.mathematist------错了，应该是mathematician；
3.关于什么连接着各个学科-----下句就是讲，他们之间的关系的；
4.logical analyzing-----表示逻辑分析，我也觉得这个用法比较牵强，但是想不到合适的；
5.subjuct------sorry,拼错了；
6.simple form-----我是想说，物理受数学工具的限制，发展得比较初等，解决实际问题的能力不强，which指的是前面整个句子（非限定性谓语从句）；
7.quatative reserach----应该是quantitive，指定量研究，相对于定性研究而言；
8.adverse----是反方面的意思，上面讲数学之于物理，下面讲物理之于数学；
9.derive theorem-----推导定理，就是先有概念，然后在此基础上发展定理，应该是数学常用的方法吧；
10.biochemisty----应该是biochemistry，不好意思，又一个拼写错误；
11.chemistist---错了，应该是chemist；
12.neccesity---拼写错误，necessity;
13.multiple-----指多个，不好用multiplex;
14.computering----OK,采纳意见，computer science;
15.inserested---拼写错误again，instereted;
16.financing-----可以的吧；
17.cooperate这个是对的。

非常感谢kooyii的耐心和细致。关于拼写错误问题，我下次一定改，这次请见谅，因为我还没有装word，用的绿色版wps，不带拼写检查，马上装上。  还有，感谢鼓励啊:)

kooyiiUID: 2177986

关于第3点,我的意见是,表面上,这些学科很独立.但是,(实际上是有联系的)究竟是什么联系着他们呢? 中间感觉缺乏连贯性~
关于第6点,which可能有指代不明的嫌疑~