Issue104 第一篇，同主题，个人觉得其他人写的i104都太肤浅,有拍必回。

思念谁UID: 2115428

【104】It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.

        Through formal education, I learnt not only to understand the natural science but to distinguish the ideas of my culture. I was taught to exalt the ideas which my culture prefers and spurn the ideas which my culture fears. Formal education is the primary way to construct the criterion of judging the ideas in the inchoative stage. But when I grow into adults, I no longer go to the school and attain information via many ways such as Internet, mass media and other people. I begin to doubt our criterion taught in the school because I accept many reasonable ideas from other cultures. It's very hard to cut off all the ways of communication, so a culture has no way to perpetuate or discredits the ideas eternally in terms of its preference and control the ideas in people's mind sheerly.
        A culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears though not only educating the students in schools but also propagandizing the thought over the coverage of the culture by mass media. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), political campaign in China, launched in 1966 by Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong to eliminate his political rivals and revolutionize Chinese society. During Cultural Revolution, Mao sent his "red book" which contains his thought to people all over the country and ruled that every student should read the book in the morning. Mao also controlled the mass media for his political aim. The news in Chinese radio and newspaper was no longer the information about recent events or happenings of the world. It was full of Mao's thought. Mao, indeed, fast spread his work over the country by means of propagandism and persecution. But did his thought last for a long time? After Mao's death in 1976, the Gang of Four, tools of Mao, were convicted for their crimes and the Communist Party leadership under Deng Xiaoping officially condemned the Cultural Revolution. Mao's thought would not be able to go further because of his unacceptable thought and the brutality of his spreading his thought. Now, It's quite clear that do not try to perpetuate or discredit the ideas according to the preference of the culture, or else people would negate and stand off the culture. Without supporting by people, the culture must die out in a short time.
        Religion, another form of culture, such as Christianity and Buddhism, is a worldwide phenomenon that has played a part in all human culture. Why religion can be recognized by people all over the world for thousands of years? In the first place, the contents of religion are all virtuous and sacred. People find that religions do no harm to themselves and they believe in it. The Buddhist and Christianist often help numerous variety of the people who get into hobble, so the Buddhism and Christianism spread apace and more people join the religion and begin to believe in it. In the second place, a widely accepted religion never forces people to believe in it. Many committed believers believe in a religion willingly. People would collide with the thought that force them to accept, so the thought would not be able to last for a long time. Last but not least, compared with Mao's thought, the religion has no political aim. People do not want to be involved in political events, because political events always contain many cabals. In short, whether a culture will last for a long time depends on the content and concept of the culture.
        From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that to be an immortal culture, the culture would have to be comprehensive and nonexclusive. A welcomed culture is supported by a great number of people and is able to extract ideas from other cultures and never discredit the ideas of which the culture are not appreciative. If the ideas are not accepted by the culture, the culture should show the support to convince people to discard the ideas rather than disgrace the ideas.

观点：存在多种手法 使得 一种文化 在短时间内 能够左右它所欣赏或害怕的的思想， 但所有这些方法都不是永恒的。一种文化若想在历史的长河中永存，它的思想必须得到多数人的认可；必须能够包容其它的文化思想；面对对自己不利的思想，不能害怕，而是应该拿出事实依据来反驳这种思想，若没有足有的依据，则应包容甚至虚心接受这种思想。
题外话：在论坛中我看到很多关于这篇文章的习作，个人感觉思想都比较肤浅。有人提到，除了正规教育，媒体，法律，信仰都是手段。从这样的角度论证，个人觉得都钻进了ets的圈套，难得高分。本题的关键在于“perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.”这句话明显含有贬义色彩，所以再去想各种各样的手段来实现这句话，很明显就中圈套了。

[ Last edited by 思念谁 on 2005-7-17 at 13:33 ]

思念谁UID: 2115428

没人拍？

zehuaUID: 199246

Through formal education, I learnt not only to understand the natural science but to distinguish the ideas of my culture. I was taught to exalt the ideas which my culture prefers and spurn the ideas which my culture fears. Formal education is the primary way to construct the criterion of judging the ideas in the inchoative stage. But when I grow into adults, I no longer go to the school and attain information via many ways such as Internet, mass media and other people. I begin to doubt our criterion taught in the school because I accept many reasonable ideas from other cultures. It's very hard to cut off all the ways of communication, so a culture has no way to perpetuate or discredits the ideas eternally in terms of its preference and control the ideas in people's mind sheerly.(开头不要超过5行。这里举的例子就剪切道下面去吧！）
        A culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears though not only educating the students in schools but also propagandizing the thought over the coverage of the culture by mass media. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), political campaign in China, launched in 1966 by Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong to eliminate his political rivals and revolutionize Chinese society. During Cultural Revolution, Mao sent his "red book" which contains his thought to people all over the country and ruled that every student should read the book in the morning. Mao also controlled the mass media for his political aim. The news in Chinese radio and newspaper was no longer the information about recent events or happenings of the world. It was full of Mao's thought. Mao, indeed, fast spread his work over the country by means of propagandism and persecution. But did his thought last for a long time? After Mao's death in 1976, the Gang of Four, tools of Mao, were convicted for their crimes and the Communist Party leadership under Deng Xiaoping officially condemned the Cultural Revolution. Mao's thought would not be able to go further because of his unacceptable thought and the brutality of his spreading his thought. Now, It's quite clear that do not try to perpetuate or discredit the ideas according to the preference of the culture, or else people would negate and stand off the culture. Without supporting by people, the culture must die out in a short time.（这段举的例子我拿不准。文化大革命＝文化的革命？是在对文化进行革命嘛？）
        Religion, another form of culture, such as Christianity and Buddhism, is a worldwide phenomenon that has played a part in all human culture. Why religion can be recognized by people all over the world for thousands of years? In the first place, the contents of religion are all virtuous and sacred. People find that religions do no harm to themselves and they believe in it. The Buddhist and Christianist often help numerous variety of the people who get into hobble, so the Buddhism and Christianism spread apace and more people join the religion and begin to believe in it. In the second place, a widely accepted religion never forces people to believe in it. Many committed believers believe in a religion willingly. People would collide with the thought that force them to accept, so the thought would not be able to last for a long time. Last but not least, compared with Mao's thought, the religion has no political aim. People do not want to be involved in political events, because political events always contain many cabals. In short, whether a culture will last for a long time depends on the content and concept of the culture.
        From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that to be an immortal culture, the culture would have to be comprehensive and nonexclusive. A welcomed culture is supported by a great number of people and is able to extract ideas from other cultures and never discredit the ideas of which the culture are not appreciative. If the ideas are not accepted by the culture, the culture should show the support to convince people to discard the ideas rather than disgrace the ideas.
不好意思，我不知道你跑题了没有。我确实是菜鸟。:L
能否拿高分，关键不在于你的观点多么标新立异，而在于你证明自己观点的过程多么严整漂亮。如果一味追求主题的特例独行未必能受到好的效果。
令外：帮我看1篇如何？
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... ;highlight=%2Bzehua

思念谁UID: 2115428

多写指导。但对于题中的culture我有自己的理解：
1）中文翻译常把culture翻译成“文化，文明”，这些翻译实际上只是culture的一个真子集。
2）看一下美国传统字典的翻译：Culture：The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. 这只是其中一个条目。其它条目就不列举了。
3）可见，任何事件、运动都可理解为 products of human work and thought. 文革也不例外。

bridgewalkerUID: 208595

占座，待会儿肯定拍！

dr_greenUID: 193584

dr_greenUID: 193584

我觉得你的重点放在culture perpeuates.....这一段上是满新的 至少大部分人都不敢走这条路
但是你的论证思路老是给我一种将对两个不同的中心的反驳放到一起来了的感觉  不知道是不是我没有完全理解你的思路
你的两个论点（through 1.mass media and 2. religion）看上去更像是对formal education 的primary地位进行反驳时所用的结构；但是你的例证和论点又放到culture上 这样就相当于用两个并列的例子来支持你的观点了 缺少层次感
大家来探讨吧

bridgewalkerUID: 208595

Issue104 第一篇，同主题，个人觉得其他人写的i104都太肤浅,有拍必回。

【104】It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.

        Through formal education, I learnt not only to understand the natural science but to distinguish the ideas of my culture. I was taught to exalt the ideas which my culture prefers and spurn 考虑一下discard the ideas which my culture fears. Formal education is the primary way to construct the criterion of judging the ideas in the inchoative stage. But when I grow into adults, I no longer go to the school and attain information via many ways such as Internet, mass media and other people. I begin to doubt our criterion taught in the school because I accept many reasonable ideas from other cultures. It's very hard to cut off all the ways of communication, so a culture has no way to perpetuate or discredits the ideas eternally in terms of its preference and control the ideas in people's mind sheerly.
        A culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears though not only educating the students in schools but also propagandizing the thought over the coverage of the culture by mass media. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), political campaign in China, launched in 1966 by Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong to eliminate his political rivals and revolutionize Chinese society. During Cultural Revolution, Mao sent his "red book" which contains his thought to people all over the country and ruled that every student should read the book in the morning. Mao also controlled the mass media for his political aim. The news in Chinese radio and newspaper was no longer the information about recent events or happenings of the world. It was full of Mao's thought. Mao, indeed, fast spread his work over the country by means of propagandism propaganda and persecution. But did his thought last for a long time? After Mao's death in 1976, the Gang of Four, tools of Mao, were was? convicted for their crimes and the Communist Party leadership under Deng Xiaoping officially condemned the Cultural Revolution. Mao's thought would not be able to go further because of his unacceptable thought and the brutality of his spreading his thought. Now, it’s quite clear that do not try to perpetuate or discredit the ideas according to the preference of the culture, or else people would negate and stand off the culture. Without supporting by people, the culture must die out in a short time.
这个b的TS是讲文化还通过mass media来perpetuate和discredit，但你后面的例子似乎是在所mass media在(个人)政治宣传中的巨大威力，哪里体现出了culture的perpetuate和discredit来？还有，举例的时候参入的分析语言太少(尤其是自己的)，个人的感觉是在读历史课本。

        Religion, another form of culture, such as Christianity and Buddhism, is a worldwide phenomenon that has played a part in all human culture. Why religion can be recognized by people all over the world for thousands of years? In the first place, the contents of religion are all virtuous and sacred 不一定吧？. People find that religions do no harm to themselves and they believe in it. The Buddhist and Christianist often help numerous variety varieties of the people who get into hobble, so the Buddhism and Christianism spread apace and more people join the religion and begin to believe in it. In the second place, a widely accepted religion never forces people to believe in it. Many committed believers believe in a religion willingly. People would collide with the thought that force them to accept, so the thought would not be able to last for a long time. Last but not least, compared with Mao's thought, the religion has no political aim. People do not want to be involved in political events, because political events always contain many cabals. In short, whether a culture will last for a long time depends on the content and concept of the culture.
同样，你好像只是说religion是另一种方式，而perpetuate和discredit没表现出来。
        From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that to be an immortal culture, the culture would have to be comprehensive and nonexclusive. A welcomed culture is supported by a great number of people and is able to extract ideas from other cultures and never discredit the ideas of which the culture are not appreciative. If the ideas are not accepted by the culture, the culture should show the support to convince people to discard the ideas rather than disgrace the ideas.

语言的驾驭能力一看便知！但审题是不是不太到位？再琢磨一下！一家之言！

偶的Issue104，请赐教：
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... p;page=1#pid1627823

[ Last edited by bridgewalker on 2005-7-20 at 09:30 ]

思念谁UID: 2115428

Originally posted by dr_green at 2005-7-19 22:30
我觉得你的重点放在culture perpeuates.....这一段上是满新的 至少大部分人都不敢走这条路
但是你的论证思路老是给我一种将对两个不同的中心的反驳放到一起来了的感觉  不知道是不是我没有完全理解你的思路
你的 ...

我的观点：存在多种手法 使得 一种文化 在短时间内 能够左右它所欣赏或害怕的的思想， 但所有这些方法都不是永恒的。一种文化若想在历史的长河中永存，它的思想必须得到多数人的认可；必须能够包容其它的文化思想；面对对自己不利的思想，不能害怕，而是应该拿出事实依据来反驳这种思想，若没有足有的依据，则应包容甚至虚心接受这种思想。

B1一上来先举出其它可使用的方法（mass media的宣传），后面借用文革的例子是 用来否定掉 mass media（因为它的宣传作用只是临时的），这与我的观点是相照应的。

B2 借宗教的例子来剖析 “一种成功的文化是如何弘扬的” ， 通过分析得出如下结论：宗教大都教人行善，这种文化的内容是受人欢迎的；宗教本着自愿的原则，不强迫人们接受它；宗教不排斥其它文化。 对宗教的分析相当于给其它文化指了一条明路，同时这个论断也是紧扣主题的。

可能是B1的开头段写得不够清晰，头一句可能使读者误以为就是观点，其实这段的观点在段末。

思念谁UID: 2115428

首先感谢你的拍文。

这个b的TS是讲文化还通过mass media来perpetuate和discredit，但你后面的例子似乎是在所mass media在(个人)政治宣传中的巨大威力，哪里体现出了culture的perpetuate和discredit来？还有，举例的时候参入的分析语言太少(尤其是自己的)，个人的感觉是在读历史课本。

文革的例子是说明政治宣传只在短期有效。在毛死后，文革就被1公开地condemn了，这句我在B1后半段有交待：“After Mao's death in 1976, the Gang of Four, tools of Mao, were convicted for their crimes and the Communist Party leadership under Deng Xiaoping officially condemned the Cultural Revolution. Mao's thought would not be able to go further because of his unacceptable thought and the brutality of his spreading his thought. ”

同样，你好像只是说religion是另一种方式，而perpetuate和discredit没表现出来。

我的观点是：文化不能根据自己的喜好去perpetuate和discredit，所以任何以perpetuate和discredit为目的 的 手段至多在短期有效果。所以我这里说的religion不是一种perpetuate和discredit的方式，而是作为一个永垂不朽的文化例子来告诉人们，什么样的文化是不朽的。
最后我想说一点关于这题的关键。题目就这几个字：“It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.” 很多文章都是从“It is primarily through formal education” 这里为切入点论证，大都说教育只是一个手段，还有媒体、法律、宗教等手段。但我个人的切入点是“perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears”，我觉得一种好的文化，不应该根据自己的喜好来取舍观点，应该具有更多的包容和学习的态度才对。