【天下无G】第二次作业提纲

bingbingxieminUID: 2283852

Issue11 "All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems."
观点：有保留的同意
第一段：Admittedly, many social problems exist all over the world for quite a long time, threatening the survival of human beings or hampering the pace of progress. So it is really an urgent need to organize students with different nationalities into a global university to seek for the method to solve these problems since everyone in the world is obligated to these problems.
比如环境问题就不是一个人或者一个国家的问题，需要大家的合作来解决每个人都有义务。
第二段： In addition, when students from different nations gathered in the global university they can exchange their points of views so that novel and valuable solutions can emerge, after all, communication is necessary to a large extent.
第三段：However, the speaker’s statement seems too ideal and he overlooks several problems that should be concerned carefully. For one thing, different nations may have different problems, even if the problem appears to be a world-wild one, in a certain district it may have a unique appearance. Thus to discuss the problems together may not function much when solving the problems practically.
第四段： For another thing, the possibility of a terrible occasion that students from different areas may have different cultures and national perspective towards a certain thing which can not be consistent with each others.
或许还会引起种族矛盾。
结论：总结归纳一下～

Issue116 "With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society—including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences—will benefit greatly from international influences."
观点：I agree with the speaker on this statement in the fields of education, the arts, the sciences entirely, but when it comes to the aspect of politics, I find the situation somehow different.
第一段：In the field of education, the network benefits a lot.
E.g. Some famous universities in the US, such as the Stanford and Harvard, are equipped with the best facilities and teaching resources, and they offer the opportunities for students all over the world to study there, thus these elites could receive ideal education in the ideal circumstance.
第二段：As to the arts, the global networks also support remarkable help to the development.
E.g. Thanks to the satellites, we can enjoy the concerts on line, on the radio and on the television.
第三段：On the other hand, science develops quite a lot relies on the coming of global networks.
E.g. HGP is a magnificent project of human beings. Scientists and researchers from all the countries in the world exerted effort to map the genetic map of mankind, propelling the development of medicine and biology.
第四段： However, when it comes to the point of politics, the situation seems more complicated.
E.g. For one thing, the international support from the Union Nationals to a weak nation is very important and charitable. For another thing, each nation is endowed with the right to administrate its own affairs by its own. The independence can not be disrupted.
结论：归纳一下观点。

170"The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."
观点：有保留的同意。确实是这样的，可是却又过于idealism。
第一段：Admittedly, the indicator of a great nation can not be defined as the achievement of its rulers, artists, or scientists since the politics, the arts and science is only one aspect of a nation respectively. Their achievements propel the development of the society when associated together.（各方面因素虽然不能单独作用但是却都作用于此）
第二段：一个国家的各个方面的发展都很全面的时候，一个国家才能被成为一个great nation。衡量一个大国的标准应该是全面发展的，政治经济文化都应该考虑进去。
第三段：the definition of "general welfare" is ambiguous，它其实也应该包括方方面面，包括政治经济文化方面的进步以及取得的成就对人民生活带来的好处。
第四段：all people 是不可能的达到的idealism，只能满足大多数人。比如那些criminals，显然不可能去满足他们的需求。
结论：综述一下。


51"Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."
1，admmitedly,理想的教育模式就是应该对每个学生因材施教，因为每个人情况不一样，这样有利于让在某方面有天赋和兴趣的学生充分发挥特长。
eg：很多运动员就是从小被选出来作特殊训练的。
2，同时，兴趣是最好的老师，人只有在兴趣和符合自身need的情况下有motivation去努力。
论证：对比论证，喜欢绘画的孩子可以坐着创作很久不觉得累，可是没有兴趣的就会觉得是痛苦，如果强制去学习会出现反效果。
3，However，我们不能说“only”，有的时候孩子是在某方面有天赋的，但是因为他们还小不能意识到自己被endowed with这些talents，所以不能单看他们的兴趣。
4，同时，我们不能让学生只进行他们喜欢的专业，因为现代社会强调的是all-raound所以基础教育比如数学、语言能力的培养是必须的，同时体育方面的教育也是必须的，health

144"It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value."
观点：艺术家的贡献是很大的，批评家有好处也有不好的。
1，艺术家创造了艺术品，从而能实现人们对美的追求。
eg：van gogh的画，Beethvon的音乐，都是价值连城的无价之宝。
2,另一方面，对艺术的评价是没有一个measure的，没有criterin的，所以critics的评价有时候是不客观的，subsjective
3，但是critics对艺术的发展也是功不可没的。没有批评家就不能意识到问题所在，也就难以有进步。
4， 其实很多批评家他们自身就是artist，比如lewis，《the chronics of narnia》

74"The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language."
观点：各有优劣。
1，language是人类特有的，人与动物的最大区别的就是人有语言的能力，并且能用来交流。
2，语言以文字的形式在书中记载下来，成为最为精炼的方式，科学理论等等需要文字，图形却不能
3，可是来自不同国家的人有着不同的语言，有时候会影响交流。可是image却不受限制。人类对图形的认识是共同的。图形是最直观的，不会造成误解。
4，其实文字和图形是需要相互结合的，illustration

109"The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will 'be like' the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves."
观点：有保留的同意
1，同意第一句话的说法。广告就是站在消费者的角度，引起人“be like”的欲望，才能达成目的。
2，同意这样的广告会引起消费欲望，然后促进消费。
3，但是并不是所有我们购买了的商品都可以让我们feel better的。有的广告为了促销所以夸大了其功效，然后mislead消费者。
4，即使是真实的，消费者的个人感受和需求也不一样，对产品的预期也不一样，所以会有偏差，并不是每个人都能被satisfied的。


26"Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."
观点：有保留的同意。
1，不可否认，现代社会确实是经济发展很重要。我们需要更多的空间来创造效益。
2，在上面的理论基础上，很多老旧的建筑是占着room的，比如没有特点并且占地的老房子，是应该拆除发展mordenizatin的
3，但是同时，历史文物中承载着很多历史和文化相关的东西，是必须记住的，所以历史文物有保留下来的必要。
  比如故宫summer palace in beijing
4，其是我们忽略了二者可以同时发展的可能性。其实文物古迹是可以设置为旅游景点来创收的，同时，还有一些建筑可以作为它用。比如作为学校或者幼儿园。

147"Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them."
观点：不同意。
1，坚持传统的好处。保留民族和国家个性，传统是一个国家的essence所在。
2，发展现代化的好处。现代社会的发展需要，科学技术带来无尽的利益和方便。
3，一味坚持传统或者现代化的危害。
A，要是盲目坚持传统会阻碍发展，拒绝接受新事物。比如玛雅文化的衰落。
B，若是一味追求现代而不顾传统就会导致文化的遗失。
4，其实二者是可以相互促进的。（？）