【chasing for 6作文小组】第二次作业

ncnysUID: 2347325

Issue 36:    "The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."

Argument 147: The following appeared in an editorial in a business magazine.

"Although the sales of Whirlwind video games have declined over the past two years, a recent survey of video-game players suggests that this sales trend is about to be reversed. The survey asked video-game players what features they thought were most important in a video game. According to the survey, players prefer games that provide lifelike graphics, which require the most up-to-date computers. Whirlwind has just introduced several such games with an extensive advertising campaign directed at people 10 to 25 years old, the age-group most likely to play video games. It follows, then, that the sales of Whirlwind video games are likely to increase dramatically in the next few months."

xipanlinyuUID: 2300112

Issue36 【Chasing For "6" Score】第二次作业

1.  人的伟大首先是因为自身对社会的贡献
2.1)杰出的才能超出了同时代人的理解。
  2)当代人envy,或受当时的社会意识形态、舆论传播,道德或政治氛围而导致的公众的偏见的影响。
   3)后人能够通过研究和了解社会发展的历史知道前人当时的行为是否对其后的社会发展产生了影响
3.有的工程在当时看起来很好，随时间推移显出坏处。
4.不能否认，很多伟人在他活着的那个年代就声名雀起

TOPIC: ISSUE 36 - "The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."
WORDS:589          TIME: 1:00:00          DATE: 2008-3-6

I fundamentally agree with the proposition that it is the later generations who mainly determine the greatness of people living ahead of them. A contrary view would reveal a too-narrow view of the limitation of the cognition of contemporaries. Nevertheless, I would caution that a variety of great persons won their fame during their times instead of many years later.

For the first, whether a person could be regarded as great or not depends radically on one's contribution to society rather than time. If one contributes little to society, hardly does he have the possibility of leaving impression to his contemporaries, not to mention gaining appreciation from them several generations later. In contrast, a person who brings tremendous benefit to society would obtain recognition later or sooner.

The greatness of individuals might not be recognized by contemporaries for three reasons. For the first, their talents are so outstanding that they are beyond the reach of their contemporaries. Their gifts surpass the common cognition of general public that they are considered as unacceptable. One apt example involves Confucius, the great thinker of ancient China, whose Confucianism was unappreciated by the monarchs of his time yet is seen as classic of philosophy now and has won great honor from the descendants. Thus, contemporaries sometimes are not capable to discover those great men of their times due to the limitation of their cognition. For the second, people who live at the same time might be affected by the mass media, envy, ideology of society, prejudice from political climate and the like and therefore cannot hold an objective opinion towards the great persons of their times. For the third, descendants can study the influence of their former generations on the trends of social advancement so as to judge the contribution of them, which is the primary foundation of evaluation. Accordingly, descendants have more evidence to place judgment on a person than one's contemporaries.

On the other hand, some projects might seem beneficial to society at its time, but turn out to be ill-conceived. Time is most convincing in the role of judgment. History is replete with such examples. The Star War defense system initiated by Reagan administration is a typical one. At that time, this program was perceived as worthwhile yet turned out to be ill-conceived as a huge waste of social resources with little benefit to society. History informs us that in order to decide whether a program is appropriate or a person’s positive contribution outweighs the negative, we need to wait until influence automatically reveals.

Notwithstanding the foregoing reasons, there are many great persons in histories who obtained the acknowledgement of society during their times. Consider, Gorge Washington and Jefferson, the founding fathers of America, for instance. They not only earned their esteem by their citizens, were elected as presidents, but also had their statues set up on South Dakota's black hills, which serve as the emblem of reverence from descendants. We can have another look at Rousseau, who published many works, such as the discourse on the science and the arts, the social contract, both of which won great appreciation from his contemporaries. Hence, it is somewhat incorrect to say that the greatness of individuals cannot be decided by contemporaries.

On balance, I agree with the broad assertion that descendants assume an active role in determining the greatness of people living in advance of them. However, they are not the only people who can serve this function. Contemporaries sometimes also have the capability of recognizing the giants of their times.

这已经是我写的第11篇I，还是写成这个样子，还希望大家猛批！

TOPIC: ARGUMENT 147 - The following appeared in an editorial in a business magazine.

"Although the sales of Whirlwind video games have declined over the past two years, a recent survey of video-game players suggests that this sales trend is about to be reversed. The survey asked video-game players what features they thought were most important in a video game. According to the survey, players prefer games that provide lifelike graphics, which require the most up-to-date computers. Whirlwind has just introduced several such games with an extensive advertising campaign directed at people 10 to 25 years old, the age-group most likely to play video games. It follows, then, that the sales of Whirlwind video games are likely to increase dramatically in the next few months."
WORDS: 575         TIME: 2:00:00          DATE: 2008-3-6
1.参加survey的人有没有代表性？喜欢有lifelike graphics的并不代表会买，影响购买的因素有很多，如电脑配置，购买能力，游戏情节，价钱。
2.市场状况未知，可能竞争激烈，可能市场需求已经满足，已经饱和。可能经济萧条、整个市场不好。
3.即使确实很多人愿意买，也有市场，但不能保证会买WV的，品牌忠诚度、价钱，game的类型，主题，是否刺激。在过去两年销量下降的原因可能正是这些。此外，广告的对象是10-25岁，与survey参与者可能有偏差，而且这个人群购买力可能不强。

In this argument, the arguer asserts that the sales of Whirlwind video (WV) would go up dramatically in near future. To support this conclusion, the arguer points out that a survey of video game players reveals that they favor video games with lifelike graphics in them and WV has just introduced such games. This argument is unconvincing for several critical flaws.

In the first place, the assumption concerning this survey—people will purchase video games with lifelike graphics--is worth questioning. There is no evidence that the survey’s respondents are representative of overall video game players. Even if the survey is statistically reliable thus many players are fond of games with lifelike graphics, this does not ensure their purchase of such games. There are many other factors influencing one’s choice of games aside from lifelike graphics. It is possible that a great many people cannot afford computers with good configurations that such games require. Perhaps the plots of such games are not appealing enough that players would rather choose more interesting games. Or poor persons prefer to buy cheaper ones. In addition, the objection of advertisement is between 10 and 25, who might not be well represented by those who attend the survey. Even if this group of people has the inclination of games with lifelike graphics, they have weak purchasing power.

Besides, no evidence is provided about the market's current situation. Consider, if there is fierce competition in this market, especially when some strongly mighty companies have controlled the market, leaving small not-so-mighty companies in an unfavorable situation, it is not advisable for WV to enter this market. Or perhaps the market is already saturated with such products or its substitutes. Then WV’s competitors have taken up most share of the market and thus there is little space for WV to survive. It is also likely that the whole market is suffering an economic depression, resulting in few needs to be satisfied. Thus even if there are certain demands for such games, they are not so large as to bring dramatic increase of sales for WV.

Even if a great many people are willing to purchase this sort of games and there is also a big market to satisfy, the potential customers are not necessarily inclined to WV’s products. The arguer fails to provide efficient evidence to prove that the products of WV are superior to other companies’ and win the favor of customers. Maybe the right reason why WV’s sales declined last two years is that they were inferior in graphic quality, unprepossessing plots, failing rules of games and thus they lost many customers. If they do not improve their quality of games, they are still hardly likely to draw their customers back. Besides, customers might have faith in certain brands when choosing sellers. Thus if WV does not have particular advantages, they are not necessarily to change their sellers. It is also likely that WV’s price is higher than other companies for the reason that they have invested much money on advertisement campaign or other costs, leading to the forfeiture of customers who prefer cheaper price.

Overall, the reasoning behind the assertion of increase of sales of WV seems logical as presented above. Yet, before any predictions are made, WV should evaluate to what degree the lifelike graphic affects the choice of game players and make clear the situation of market this as well as the vantage WV possesses over his competitors.

木之灵景UID: 2427667

Argument147 【Chasing For "6" Score】第二次作业

链接：http://bbs.gter.ce.cn/bbs/thread-809542-1-1.html


中文提纲：
1. 作者引用的调查没有可靠性和代表性。
2. 不是所有人都能负担起这种游戏需要的机器配置
3. 10-25岁的人群不一定能够玩这款游戏


TOPIC: ARGUMENT147 - The following appeared in an editorial in a business magazine.

"Although the sales of Whirlwind video games have declined over the past two years, a recent survey of video-game players suggests that this sales trend is about to be reversed. The survey asked video-game players what features they thought were most important in a video game. According to the survey, players prefer games that provide lifelike graphics, which require the most up-to-date computers. Whirlwind has just introduced several such games with an extensive advertising campaign directed at people 10 to 25 years old, the age-group most likely to play video games. It follows, then, that the sales of Whirlwind video games are likely to increase dramatically in the next few months."
WORDS: 404          TIME: 00:54:06          DATE: 2008-3-1 0:03:52

    The author concludes that the sales of Whirlwind video games (WVG) are likely to increase dramatically in the next few months based on the recent survey after having declined over the past two years. To support the conclusion, the author cites reasons as follows: (1) WVG's sales trend is about to be reversed from a recent survey of video-game players' suggestion. (2) In the survey, most important features the video players thought is lifelike graphics in a video game, which needs a most uo-to date computers. (3) WVG has introduced several such games to those people during 10-25 years old, the age which are likely to play video games by a advertising campaign direct. I find the conclusion is specious in several respects.
    Firstly, the author convince us that the sales will increase via a recent survey. Yet, the author fails to demonstrate that the survey is reliable and the responders of the survey are representative of all video players. Lacking the information the author is impossible to convince me that the sales of WVG will increase.
    Besides, considering that players, as the author says, like lifelike graphics, which require the most up-to-date computers, the conclusion is still unconvincing. As the author says, the lifelike features video games need most up-to-date computers. It might in the case that most players cannot afford for the cost to such a computer, thus fewer players will by this kind of game, and there would be impossible to increase the sales of WVG.
    Thirdly, the WVG also cites that such games is fit to those people during 10-25 years old, the age which are likely to play video games, by a advertising campaign direct. Nevertheless the author neglects whether other aged people are suit to the game, furthermore the author also neglects that it is possible the players under the age 10-25, in which they have no individual income and ant study, and their parents may be prevent them to play games for their learning. Therefore, without detailed evidence, the author fails to make me believe the conclusion is wise.
    In sum, the conclusion is logically problematic and unconvincing. To strengthen that it the author must provide the evidence of the survey is reliable and representative enough of all players. Besides, to make the conclusion more convincing, the author also need that more information about other age people's attitude and views from those who cannot afford newest computers.


issue36【Chasing For "6" Score】第二次作业


链接：http://bbs.gter.ce.cn/bbs/thread-809548-1-1.html

中文提纲：
1. 很多人的伟大都是被他们的后人所决定的，这一点在科技不发达的古代尤其明显
2. 但是随着科学日益发展，这些现象会被渐渐消除，很多人们的伟大之处都可以在当代就被认可


When it has a time-limit, I fundamentally agree with the speaker's claim that only after the individuals' death can their greatness be evaluated rather than in their living time. However, as the society developed rapidly, more and more new concepts and views have been put forward and were accepted in modern society, especially in science and technology field.
    I concede that there do have many great individuals cannot be understood and correctly assessed in the era where they lived, especially those poor and unenlightened periods. Many great scientists paid much cost for gaining the proper treatment or acknowledgement by their contemporary society. Even many ones whose ideas means a lot to our society now have lost their lives or freedom, only for insisting the truth. Copernicus, the Polish astronomer, who advanced the theory that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun, was regarded as the heterodoxy maker and himself was sentenced to fire by The Christian Church. Galileo, who was led to his persecution and  imprisonment by the Inquisition, only for the pursuer and making improvement of Copernicus. Moreover, penicillin, which is a effective antibiotic and saves a lot of injuries’ lives during the World War II, are accepted its medical importance and used until now by people after its founder Fleming died several years. It demonstrates that the speaker’s claims that only can the posterities decided the greatness of individuals instead of those contemporaries.
     Nevertheless, people who stated at the 20th century, in which with the science and technology grown, are much better than ever. They are wise and tolerant enough to accept and evaluate differing views and different people from ourselves, even those views go against with authorities. For this reason that our society now has a complete and effective system to decide  one’s greatness as soon as possible, such as ’Science’ or some research institutions’ reading matters that offer opportunities so that people can prove their greatness by sending thesis. Another example is when Einstein developed the Relativity Theory, though at first it violating the Newton’s theory in physics, people find that Einstein’s theory is correct in more and more physical fields and they have to acknowledge that the old Newton theories have a lot disadvantages as the researches are carried forward. As a result, Einstein received the Nobel Prize as a great individual for his contribution to modern physics. Thus, in our modern society we are able to and indeed evaluate a individual’s greatness without our posterities. I believe that, in the near future, the faster and better our society developed, the more complete and more advanced our science and technologies improved, the fewer individuals’ greatness and their significant achievement are decided by their posterities.
    In sum, when it comes to whether the greatness of individuals is decided by their contemporaries or by their descendents, it can be proved that during past times in which people are ignorance to determine whether individuals are greatness, as well as their findings, the great individuals can only decided by those who live after them. And, while in our modern society that numerous knowledge and techniques are improved day by day, people have enough apt to decided  the greatness of individuals. In final analysis, I partly accept the speakers’ claim in some special periods.

说实话，我觉得我的I和A写的还是很糟糕，虽然已经练了10来篇了~~~555

加入链接了~~~~呵呵

[ 本帖最后由 木之灵景 于 2008-3-8 18:16 编辑 ]

ljc-dreamUID: 2166457

中文提纲：
1，        survey没有考虑到潜在的消费群体，也许他们关注游戏的其它特征。而且，消费者的兴趣也会随着新产品变化。
2，        game的其它特征也决定一个产品的销售好坏，如果其它方面做得不好，照样卖不出去；而且，新产品没有考虑到consumers的购买了。
3，        advertising campaign能否达到它的预期效果。

Before accepting the assertion that the sales of Whirlwind video games are likely to increase dramatically in the next few months, the evidence presented by the author should be scrutinized from several aspects, and it is not difficult to find that the author seems to has relied on a couple of ungrounded assumptions and thus draws a fundamentally flawed conclusion, as discussed below.

In the first place, the survey quoted by the author as the basis of his argument lacks reliability primarily because the sample is too limited and simple. It merely focuses on the views of current video-game players without taking account that of non-players who are potential consumers and will probably take a high proportion of consumers. Without the information concerning the requirement of non-players, it is highly likely that video games characterized by other features are more attractive to non-players. For example, the new burgeoning consumers would prefer video games rich in cultural content rather than those of lifelike graphics. Again, the interests of consumers often changes, it is quite possible that the new emergence of culturally designed games might divert the consumers’ previous opinions, and then they would discard the relatively out-of-time games of lifelike graphics. If these is the case, Whirlwind video games, which has just introduced several lifelike video games, would neither maintain its original market shares nor attract potential consumers.

Granted that all current player and potential consumers esteem the feature of lifelike graphics most, the author also fails to consider the other factors which more or less affect the popularity of video games, such as the theme, violent index, and interesting degree etc. It is possible that the lifelike games of Whirlwind are poorly designed for their stories and plots, which reduce their appealing to players. Also in reference to the competitive capacity of Whirlwind, it is entirely possible that costs of the commodities launched by Whirlwind are much higher than the similar commodities of other companies, especially when the new games require the most up-to-date computers, which might be far beyond the buying power of consumers.

Moreover, we might cast doubt on whether the extensive advertising campaign directed at people 10 to 25 years old will achieve its expected effects. Perhaps the advertising is only appealing to teenagers and much less impressive to people aged from 20 to 25. And common sense tells us that teenagers usually have no incomes and hence they cannot afford these games and advanced computers. Or even simpler, the advertising campaign turns out to be a failure. To justify this point, the author should offer a comprehensive analysis about the design and function of such advertising to prove its high and multilateral impression.

Overall, the claim for a significant increase in the sale of Whirlwind video games in the future several months is not substantially supported. To justify the argument, a comprehensive analysis of the potential consumers, the competitive advantages of these new games, and the effect of advertising campaign should be carried out.

springelfUID: 2458536

大家占楼还是贴链接比较好啊！这样直接贴文章以后再修改就乱的分不清楚了啊！！！