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发表于 2007-7-22 22:25:29
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Argument 17
Words: 486 Time: 1 hour
In this argument, the arguer concludes that EZ Disposal is better than ABC Waste and the Walnut Grove town should continue using EZ. To prove the conclusion, the arguer gives the reason that EZ collects trash twice a week while ABC collects only once, EZ has additional trucks and provides exceptional service. In addition, he cites a survey result that 80 percent of respondents were satisfied with EZ’s performance. However, this argument suffers from several fallacies.
In the first place, the arguer settles a wrong causal relationship between the times of work and the quality of the service. Although EZ collects trash twice a week, while ABC does it only once, this does not mean that EZ will supply a high quality of service and win more satisfaction. We can not get more information in detail about Walnut Grove Town, such as the population, the extent of modernization, the quality of the residents, etc, which are very important factors that depend the quantity of the trash there. If only one time to collect the trash can meet the need of the town, twice a week with a raising of month fee from $2000 to $2500 is just a waste.
In the second place, the arguer easily thinks that more trucks can also win more satisfaction from the town. Although EZ has ordered additional trucks, we can get to know that more service will be supplied to Walnut Grove town if it continues to use it. There is no concrete information to imply that the additional trucks of EZ will be used to Walnut Grove town. Maybe another branch of EZ is founded.
In the third place, the arguer does not give any information about the exceptional service supplied by EZ. Just by this simple reason, we can not be convinced. If the exceptional service of EZ has no relation to Walnut Grove town, how can the town benefit from it. We can not get any information about ABC whether it also supply exceptional service which can benefit Walnut Grove town even better.
At last, the survey result that arguer cites is not persuasive as it stands. The arguer only points out that 80 percent of the respondents were satisfied with EZ's performance, does not give more information of this respondents, which make the survey result has no significant statistical meaning. Maybe the persons that received the survey are all the customer of EZ. Under this condition, it does not mean that EZ supply the best performance, omitting the result that ABC receives 100 percent satisfaction.
To conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. Before getting the conclusion that EZ is better than ABC, the arguer must present more information about the condition of Walnut Grove town, the true useless of the additional trucks of EZ and the its exceptional service. In addition, the arguer also should give more information to strengthen the statistical meaning.
Argument 47:
提纲:
1. There are two may reasons given in the argument that cause the cooling, but no convincing proof are supplied that no other reasons can cause the cooling.
2. The arguer denies the possibility of a larger meteorite that cause the cooling just because of no records about it. It is true that no record about it does not mean there is no proof to it. Maybe the records about the larger meteorite are lost. Even though there are no records about it, we can not deny the possibility of the larger meteorite because of the technology limit that caused people in the past could not see it.
3. The records about a volcanic eruption can not convince us absolutely. As knowledge of people in that period as limited to a very low level, it is inevitable that there are some mistakes in the records. |
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