issue157 第八篇 有拍必回

fishjoyUID??2116013

157."There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires."（高频）
Outline：（平衡观点）
1.        没有纯粹客观的观察（受文化，经历等的影响）
2.        没有纯粹主观的观察，因为被观察体是客观的。
3.        观察者的expectations or desires 确实对observation有影响，但并不能完全左右observation。
说明：例子难找，全靠自己胡扯了。历时1小时55分。478words.
正文：
Whether observation is subjective or objective is always a controversial issue in the history of philosophy for a very long time. In my view, although in most cases, observation is guided by the observer’s expectation or desires, no observation is purely subjective or objective, as a principle of philosophy goes: “nothing is absolute.”
First, no pure objective observation can be made when the impact that one’s culture, experience, inclination have had on him or her is taken into account. No man ever investigates the world around us with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his private philosophical probings he can not go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular education and experience. Everyone is the creature of his or her culture whether one admits it or not, and by the time one is grown and participating in its activities, its principles are one’s principles, its beliefs one’s beliefs, its impossibilities one’s impossibilities. In short, it is the culture one belongs to, the experience one holds, and the education one ever had that shape one’s mind and behavior and the observation one makes.
On the other hand, it is impossible for a person to make purely subjective observation however strong his or her feeling is, since the object that is observed is so objective. No matter how exaggerated the observation one has made, without the objective material, it will be unbelievable for one to make up observation. For instance, when it comes to a monster, everyone has his or her personal definition. Someone might think it as a combination of beauty and snake, while someone would prefer a man-like animal with six legs and eight hands. Apparently, although the monster thing is so subjective, beauty, snake, leg and hand did appear in our life, which no one would deny. And that is to say, there are always objective aspects in observation even if it is regarded as a subjective description in people’s collective mind.
Also, common sense dictates us that people always make observation colored by desire and expectation from human nature, but it does not mean that one’s expectations and desires wholly control the observation. Consider the scientific discovery. All the descriptions of scientific discoveries are accurate at least to some extent. I do not think anybody would substitute the description that electron runs around atomic nucleus for one that ugly evil electron slowly runs around small exciting atomic nucleus, the latter one which seems so subjective. Thus in that condition, subjectiveness loses its power.
To sum up, neither purely subjective nor absolutely objective exists in this very world. Guided by observer’s expectations or desires, under most circumstances, observation is undoubtedly subjective while there are also some objective points in it.

wangtan8319UID??2107594

Whether observation is subjective or objective is always a controversial issue in the history of philosophy for a very long time. In my view, although in most cases, observation is guided by the observer’s expectation or desires, no observation is purely subjective or objective, as a principle of philosophy goes: “nothing is absolute.”

First, no pure objective observation can be made when the impact that one’s culture, experience, inclination have had on him or her is taken into account. No people ever investigates the world around us with pristine ？eyes. He不要这么写，不知道是谁 sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his private philosophical probings he can not go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular education and experience. Everyone is the creature of his or her culture whether one admits it or not, and by the time one is grown and participating in its activities, its principles are one’s principles, its beliefs one’s beliefs, its impossibilities one’s impossibilities. In short, it is the culture one belongs to, the experience one holds, and the education one ever had that shape one’s mind and behavior and the observation one makes.以后不要这么写，he，who都不要用，因为看了半天谁也不知道he指的是谁

On the other hand, it is impossible for a person to make purely subjective observation however strong his or her feeling is, since the object that is observed is so objective. No matter how exaggerated the observation one has made, without the objective material, it will be unbelievable for one to make up observation. For instance, when it comes to a monster, everyone has his or her personal definition？？？你想说什么？. Someone might think it as a combination of beauty and snake, while someone would prefer a man-like animal with six legs and eight hands. Apparently, although the monster thing is so subjective, beauty, snake, leg and hand did appear in our life, which no one would deny. And that is to say, there are always objective aspects in observation even if it is regarded as a subjective description in people’s collective mind.

Also, common sense dictates us that people always make observation colored by desire and expectation from human nature, but it does not mean that one’s expectations and desires wholly control the observation. Consider the scientific discovery. All the descriptions of scientific discoveries are accurate at least to some extent. I do not think anybody would substitute the description that electron runs around atomic nucleus for one that ugly evil electron slowly runs around small exciting atomic nucleus, the latter one which seems so subjective写的时候最好不用 i think或者i do not think之类的话. Thus in that condition, subjectiveness loses its power.

To sum up, neither purely subjective nor absolutely objective exists in this very world. Guided by observer’s expectations or desires, under most circumstances, observation is undoubtedly subjective while there are also some objective points in it.

最后一段就不看了，总体来说作者还需要努力，例子是有的，不过你的第一段写的不好，没有具体例子。还有就是注意：你好像在故意堆砌词汇，千万不要有这样的想法，用你能掌握的词汇把意思表达清楚就很好了，过于复杂的词汇不要用的太多，因为很可能弄巧成拙。作者什么时候考？

fishjoyUID??2116013

谢谢
我8月18日考