lectureAnthropology:Gypsies
Listen to part of lecture in an anthropology class
Today, I would like to discuss some interesting group of somewhat nomadic some might known people called Gypsy.
A roaming roman culture group called the Dom dorm, led laid their live in India, nowadays has became known as the Gypsies. Through recoding dating as far back as sixth centuries, we know the Dom perform various specialized jobs very special nice job such as basket-making, metal-making, medow working, and fortune telling, by traveling a circuit through several villages each year.
The word, gypsy can be found in several other languages such as German, French, Italian and Hungarian. Currently, the earliest early recording of Gypsy in Europe dated to 1680 were found in monastery,Greece. Those recording documents events advance that took place in Constantinople(n.君士坦丁堡[土耳其])
in the year 1015. For next 200 years, The Gypsies wandered southwest into Arabia and North Africa, northwest into Byzantine Empire, and finally establish themselves in the southern Bulk countries such as Seriba, Moldavia, Bulgaria and Hungry before 13 00.
After Kublain Khan’s death in 1294, the Mongolian Empire began its decline and the borders begin to move east, thereby reducing procure on Europe and allowing the Gypsies to expand more rapidly, then the precious 200 years. They entered modern day Yugoslavia before 1362 and covered the Balkans by fourteen hundred. The 14-15 century proved to be good times and full of for the happiness for the Gypsies. Before the conquest of the Ottoman Turks, the Gypsies lived in Thrace, Macedonia, Greece, Yugoslavia and Romania.
Those happy days would were soon come to an end because of the Turkey's invasion, some Gypsies were forced to Venetian territories such as Crete and Corfu. Fortunately, they annual dues rose along with the increase in population in Corfu. With increasing population and annual income came an independent area of land in 1470 ruled by a lord named Michael de Hugot, who lasted until the 19th century. Unfortunately the Gypsies in Balkans were not quite as lucky. Although they had have important jobs such as blacksmith, locksmiths and tinsmiths, and were will basically mild-class, the government declared them slaves to prevent them from escaping Those gypsies could be sold, exchanged or given away and any Romanian man or woman who married a gypsy became a slave ,too. They were finally emancipated in the nineteenth century.
Before the 15th century, Gypsies were known as quiet quite, shy and not very organized. They also seemed hesitant hesitate to traveling to Western Europe. This all changed over 20 year period , beginning in 1417.During this time, they began to move to in a purposeful away toward western Europe and even begin to call attention to themselves. Various gypsies began to display some unity action and connection with each other through telling different stories. Some say said the Turkish invasion of the Balkans in the early 14s led laid to this bizarre those without behavior.
Once When the invasion was over, the gypsies themselves likely wouldn't have effect in the long run, under on the Turkish rule because Turks sturkey believed the living civilian population were free as long as a they pay taxes to for them
However, the gypsies may have moved out of the Europe because some of the gypsies leaders could not serve under the Turks due to their great loss lost of power on the Turkish rule. The reason behind changing is unclear, but the gypsies began begin to move into center Europe in great numbers, but not without causing some problems. Some gypsies falling into Egyptian Egypian , and some claimed they are Christians left to roam the room country sides as formal absolution for their sin of ignoring their religion. Those lies allowed them to collect food, money and letters of other protection from a city and then they would continue to the next town using the same lies. By 1427, the gypsies had travelled through Germany, Brussels, Holland, Rome, Spain and Paris.
By this time, many of leaders caught on the Gypsies thefts facts and lies and began banning them.
There are recordings of the gypsy in the British Isle, Norway, Finland and Siberia.
words
单词: somewhat
[ˈsʌmwɔt]
ad.稍微,有点 nomadic
[nəuˈmædik]
a.游牧的,流浪的 annual
[ˈænjuəl] a.年度的 n.年鉴,年报;一年生植物 lord
[lɔ:d] n.领主,君主;贵族;[the L-]上帝 emancipate
[iˈmænsipeit] vt.解放 purposeful [/-fl; -fəl/]
有决心的; 有毅力的; 坚定的 Dom
名词 n. 1. 阁下 2. (天主教)冠于某些僧侣姓名之前的尊称 Christian
[ˈkristʃən] n.基督教徒 a.基督教(徒)的 circuit
[ˈsə:kit] n.电路,线路;环行,环行道 event
[iˈvent] n.事件,大事;比赛项目 conquest
[ˈkɔŋkwest] n.攻取,征服,克服
写错的单词的读音比较:
roam
[rəum] v.随便走,漫步,漫游 Roman
[ˈrəumən] a.& n.罗马人(的) quiet
[ˈkwaiət] a.轻声的;安静的 n.安静 v.(使)安静 quite
[kwait] ad.相当;实际上,确实;完全,十分 hesitant / ˈhezɪtənt; ˋhɛzətənt/ adj 犹豫的; 踌躇的; 迟疑的: hesitate
[ˈheziteit] v.犹豫,踌躇;不情愿 various
[ˈvɛəriəs] a.不同的,各种各样的;多方面的 whereas
[weərˈæz] conj.然而,但是,尽管
国家名称:
Hun|gar|ian /hʌŋg'eəriən/
1. 匈牙利的;匈牙利语的 gypsy
[ˈdʒipsi] n.[常作G-]吉普赛人 Turk
[tə:k] n.土耳其人;突厥人 Turkish
[ˈtə:kiʃ] a.& n.土耳其人(语)的 Mongolian /mɒŋg'oʊliən/名词 n. 1. 属于蒙古人种的人;蒙古人 2. 蒙古语 3. (m-)先天愚型患者
Moldavia 名词 n. 1. 摩尔达维亚 monastery
[ˈmɔnəstri] n.修道院,寺院 Constantinople
[ˌkɔnstæntiˈnəupl] n.君士坦丁堡[土耳其] Arabia
[əˈreibiə] n.阿拉伯 Ro|ma|nian /ruːm'eɪniən/ beginàbeginning |