Argument67 Kito小组作业贴 多谢修改^-^

bunnymz2005UID: 2146758

ARGUMENT 67
The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a newspaper serving the villages of Castorville and Polluxton.

"Both the villages of Castorville and Polluxton have experienced sharp declines in the numbers of residents who pay property taxes. To save money and improve service, the two villages recently merged their once separate garbage collection departments into a single department located in Castorville, and the new department has reported few complaints about its service. Last year the library in Polluxton had 20 percent fewer users than during the previous year. It follows that we should now further economize and improve service, as we did with garbage collection, by closing the library in Polluxton and using the library in Castorville to serve both villages."

Strategies for the topic:
Conclusion：we should now further economize and improve service, as we did with garbage collection, by closing the library in Polluxton and using the library in Castorville to serve both village.
( Are the garbage collection and the library similar enough to be compared with each other?
Why close the library in Polluxton and using the library in Castorville?)
Evidence：
1. both the villages of Castorville and Polluxton have experienced sharp declines in the numbers of residents who pay property taxes.(想表达迁入的居民少了的意思么？这个地方我不懂)
(Could there be other factors such as reduction of factories or tax evasion that might account for the sharp declination in the number of residents who pay property taxes?)
2. To save money and improve service, the two villages recently merged their once separate garbage collection departments into a single department located in Castorville, and the new departments has reported few complaints about its service.
(Do few complaints about its service necessarily imply that the service is improved?
By doing that, does it really save money? Cost of transportation and fee of merging the two garbage collection)
3. Last year the library in Polluxton had 20 percent fewer users than during the previous year.
(Do fewer users than before mean than the library does not make the most use of ?
Does last year can be the evidence to predict this year?
What about the library in Castorville?)

正文：
Before choosing to close the library in Polluxton and use library in Castorville to server both villages, the evidence given in this argument should be scrutinized from several aspects. This letter to the editor seems to have assumed that the library and the garbage collection are similar enough to be compared with each other and thus draw a conclusion that is nearly ridiculous.

First of all, as mentioned in the argument the author attempts to hint that the residents in the two villages decreases judging from the reduction of property taxes. Unfortunately, the decreasing number of the residents is absolutely not the only explanation for this matter. Other possible alternatives may include the reduction of the number of the factories and financial stocks hold by the residents. In fact, it is entirely possible that economy is not very good in the two villages and thus residents are not inclined to buy stocks or invest new machines and factories. Furthermore, we may also think about tax evasion. Maybe at that time, the tax rate is so high that many residents choose to escape property taxes. In any of these cases, the assumption that the number of residents decreases and thus two garbage collection departments are not necessary is dubious at best.

In addition, the author also tries to convince us that the combination of the two garbage collections in Castorville and Polluxton has brought considerable profit to both of the two villages. However the point is that the author provides the evidence that few people complain about its service is insufficient to demonstrate this improvement. There is a good chance that the residents are too busy to have time to complain, or perhaps the people want to complain about the service do not know how to send complaints to the new department. Besides, the author unfairly assumes that by doing that would save money without taking into account other possibilities such as the cost of transportation. Since the author fails to respond to these concerns, the combination for saving money and improve service is untenable.

Last but not least, the author takes it for granted that the users become fewer in the library of Polluxton implies that the library is not made fully use of. It is entirely possible that in previous years the library is fraught with crowds and the reduction of the users just make the library meet the needs of all the users. Even if we concede that the library in Polluxton is actually not fully used, what about the one in Castorville? Maybe the library in Castoreville has much fewer users than those in Polluxton. In this case, how one can decide to close which library.

In conclusion, any decision should be made after examining and considering all the possible factors and the results. By doing that, the argument can be better evaluated.

一个小小的参考^-^
Property taxes:
In principle, a property tax is a tax on an individual’s wealth—the value of all of the person’s assets, both financial (such as stocks and bonds) and real (such as houses, cars, and artwork). In practice, property taxes are usually more limited. In the United States, state and local governments generally levy property taxes on buildings—such as homes, office buildings, and factories—and on land. There is no federal property tax. In 2000 property taxes accounted for 2.0 percent of state tax revenues and 72 percent of local tax revenues. The Canadian constitution allows the federal government to levy property taxes. However, currently only local and provincial governments collect property taxes. The property tax is by far the largest source of revenue for local governments.

The property tax is often unpopular with homeowners. One reason is that, because homes are not sold very often, governments must levy the tax on the estimated value of the dwelling. Some citizens believe that the government overvalues their homes, leading to unfairly high property tax burdens.

Tax evasion is failing to pay legally due taxes. One important way that high tax rates affect behavior is by increasing evasion. For example, people may fail to report income to the government, thus reducing their tax bill and the government’s tax revenue. Tax cheating is extremely difficult to measure. The Internal Revenue Service estimates that taxpayers voluntarily pay only about 80 percent of the taxes they legally owe. The greater an individual’s tax rate, the greater the incentive to defraud the government.

lawrence1984UID: 178326

占个座，发了这么久， 现在才给你看，真是不好意思 ！

lawrence1984UID: 178326

Argument67 Kito小组作业贴 多谢修改^-^

ARGUMENT 67
The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a newspaper serving the villages of Castorville and Polluxton.

"Both the villages of Castorville and Polluxton have experienced sharp declines in the numbers of residents who pay property taxes. To save money and improve service, the two villages recently merged their once separate garbage collection departments into a single department located in Castorville, and the new department has reported few complaints about its service. Last year the library in Polluxton had 20 percent fewer users than during the previous year. It follows that we should now further economize and improve service, as we did with garbage collection, by closing the library in Polluxton and using the library in Castorville to serve both villages."

Strategies for the topic:
Conclusion：we should now further economize and improve service, as we did with garbage collection, by closing the library in Polluxton and using the library in Castorville to serve both village.
( Are the garbage collection and the library similar enough to be compared with each other?
Why close the library in Polluxton and using the library in Castorville?)
Evidence：
1. both the villages of Castorville and Polluxton have experienced sharp declines in the numbers of residents who pay property taxes.(想表达迁入的居民少了的意思么？这个地方我不懂)
我的理解是因为Public amenities such as garbage collection sites and library 的维护的经费来自Property taxes， 由于缴纳个人所得税的人数减少，一定程度上导致税收的减少，因此要想办法改善服务和节约经费。
(Could there be other factors such as reduction of factories or tax evasion that might account for the sharp declination in the number of residents who pay property taxes?)
2. To save money and improve service, the two villages recently merged their once separate garbage collection departments into a single department located in Castorville, and the new departments has reported few complaints about its service.
(Do few complaints about its service necessarily imply that the service is improved?
By doing that, does it really save money? Cost of transportation and fee of merging the two garbage collection)这里的驳斥挺好的
3. Last year the library in Polluxton had 20 percent fewer users than during the previous year.
(Do fewer users than before mean than the library does not make the most use of ?
Does last year can be the evidence to predict this year?
What about the library in Castorville?)只是提到了在P的图书馆去年的情况，没有告诉另一个图书馆的情况， 也许更差也说不定。

正文：
Before choosing to close the library in Polluxton and use library in Castorville to server both villages, the evidence given in this argument should be scrutinized from several aspects. This letter to the editor seems to have assumed that the library and the garbage collection are similar enough to be compared with each other and thus draw a conclusion that is nearly ridiculous.（开头简洁入题快，展示出主要驳斥点，好！许习中……）

First of all, as mentioned in the argument the author attempts to hint that the residents in the two villages decreases judging from the reduction of property taxes. Unfortunately, the decreasing number of the residents is absolutely not the only explanation for this matter. Other possible alternatives may include the reduction of the number of the factories and financial stocks hold by the residents. In fact, it is entirely possible that economy is not very good in the two villages and thus residents are not inclined to buy stocks or invest new machines and factories. Furthermore, we may also think about tax evasion. Maybe at that time, the tax rate is so high that many residents choose to escape property taxes. In any of these cases, the assumption that the number of residents decreases and thus two garbage collection departments are not necessary is dubious at best.（这一段的驳斥细节问题都注意到了， 而且还查阅了相关资料 ，看得出来很用心，赞一个，但是我想提点意见 ：既然你在首段暗示了文章的主要驳斥点是similar enough to be compared, 那么我认为你第二段最好是驳斥首段中提到的这点，可以把这段的位置放到后面，不知道你认为如何？）

In addition, the author also tries to convince us that the combination of the two garbage collections in Castorville and Polluxton has brought considerable profit to both of the two villages. However the point is that the author provides the evidence that few people complain about its service is insufficient to demonstrate this improvement. There is a good chance that the residents are too busy to have time to complain, or perhaps the people want to complain about the service do not know how to send complaints to the new department.（驳斥具体！） Besides, the author unfairly assumes that by doing that would save money without taking into account other possibilities such as the cost of transportation. Since the author fails to respond to these concerns, the combination for saving money and improve service is untenable.（行文思路连贯，excellent! 刚开始练就能到这个地步，真的很佩服，继续努力，可以向6分努力了）

Last but not least, the author takes it for granted that the users become fewer in the library of Polluxton implies that the library is not made fully use of. It is entirely possible that in previous years the library is fraught with crowds and the reduction of the users just make the library meet the needs of all the users. Even if we concede that the library in Polluxton is actually not fully used, what about the one in Castorville? Maybe the library in Castoreville has much fewer users than those in Polluxton. In this case, how one can decide to close which library.（这一段的驳斥还可以在具体一点，不过就是这样也没问题了。）

In conclusion, any decision should be made after examining and considering all the possible factors and the results. By doing that, the argument can be better evaluated.（结尾段还可适当充实，我想你可能因为不想文章落入俗套才这样简洁的，但是我认为还是应该适当具体一点。总的来说，这片写的很好，基本没有什么问题，但是关于property tax的驳斥我认为不是重点，所以可以适当转移重心，虽然这样做无可厚非，我的这些意见仅供参考！）

一个小小的参考^-^
Property taxes:
In principle, a property tax is a tax on an individual’s wealth—the value of all of the person’s assets, both financial (such as stocks and bonds) and real (such as houses, cars, and artwork). In practice, property taxes are usually more limited. In the United States, state and local governments generally levy property taxes on buildings—such as homes, office buildings, and factories—and on land. There is no federal property tax. In 2000 property taxes accounted for 2.0 percent of state tax revenues and 72 percent of local tax revenues. The Canadian constitution allows the federal government to levy property taxes. However, currently only local and provincial governments collect property taxes. The property tax is by far the largest source of revenue for local governments.

The property tax is often unpopular with homeowners. One reason is that, because homes are not sold very often, governments must levy the tax on the estimated value of the dwelling. Some citizens believe that the government overvalues their homes, leading to unfairly high property tax burdens.

Tax evasion is failing to pay legally due taxes. One important way that high tax rates affect behavior is by increasing evasion. For example, people may fail to report income to the government, thus reducing their tax bill and the government’s tax revenue. Tax cheating is extremely difficult to measure. The Internal Revenue Service estimates that taxpayers voluntarily pay only about 80 percent of the taxes they legally owe. The greater an individual’s tax rate, the greater the incentive to defraud the government.

lawrence1984UID: 178326

很抱歉！ 因为修改软件不小心删了，所以文章发上来没有了记号，不方便看。