issue157 (coffee 组) 请假很久了，不好意思。。。

shielUID: 2140229

每天去XDF上课，剩下的时间就很少了，目前上网的问题还没彻底解决妥，所以。。。
但，学习是不应该有借口的！！ 请大家监督！！

写了13号的作业，还是个半成品，怎么办？一定尽快补！！下午一会儿又该去上课了，要学做个superman就好啦，嘿嘿:lol

Issue 157 There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer’s expectations or desires.
提纲：大正小负
1‘  同意所有的观察都是主观的，但原因不都仅仅是由于观察者的期望和愿望。
2‘  所有的观察都是很难作到客观的，因为不可能非常全面地认识事物，更何况时间和精力有限。
3‘  人们普遍认识到了观察的主观性，因而采取了综合多个观察者意见等的方法。
4‘  每个人是经历和知识面等诸多方面的不可避免的原因造成了观察的主观性。
5‘  总结


It is so hard to observe objectively for any observer, who is always confined with his or her insight and foresight. To some degree, I agree with the claim of speaker that there is no such thing as purely objective observation. But we can not entirely attribute the subjective observation to observers’ expectations or desires. Generally speaking, people always cognize things from their own points of view, so they are inevitable to be subjective.

First of all, it would be almost unpractical to perceive every aspect of the circumstance, all of which are indispensable of the impersonal observation. Individuals’ ideology are formed by personal acknowledge and expeience, then influence the cognition and action, as well as the observation. In addition, with the limit of time and energy, people hardly examine the whole thing, thus it seems that objective observation are extremely difficult to attain. When it comes to the study of biology, Darwin, as a capable observer, developed theory of biological evolution, and published Origin of Species. But can we conclude that his observation were totally objective? Dis he clealy understand the actual processes of biological evolution? Absolutely no, since Darwin was one of ordinary persons, whose observation is unavoidable blent with his o her own views at all time.

On the other hand, the concept that nearly all observation is subjective, is well accepted. Therefore our society endeavor to obtain the ideal im personality in many fields, even has already taken some effictive measures. For instance, in the diving games and gym games of Olympics, athletes ate graded by a group of referees, in order to give the relative objective judgments for the competitors. With respoect to science, the committees of Nobel Prize are also condemnedm, due to they could not be subjective enough to judge. Actually, notwithstanding the committee comprises about five persons of different views, what they can do is trying their best to avoid subjectived—colored estimate by discussing between committee members. There is no other than subjective observation to be abated through collective work.

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加油
jj，嘿嘿