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Saavedro:杨鹏难句第一次作业 1. The sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of decedents an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 本人看法:本句之所以难以理解是因为ETS对这句话做了如下的加工,第一将修饰成分(定语从句后置到宾语之后,事实上这个定语which的从句是说sex ratio的,杨鹏说这是倒装,我以为这算是友好的倒装,没有起到牛倒装的境界,因此不说倒装也罢。)其次是这句话有并列省略成分,个人认为这是对我们中国考生最大的威胁,首先是两个the number of 的并列,中间还有hence一个单词做插入语成分(基本没有打岔的影响)但是本人初读难句的时候竟然将gene copies transmitted反应成主谓语的感觉,呵呵,那还是老早前的事了,事实上transmitted在这里不是动词过去式,而是分词做形容词用。是说可传递的基因复制份数。 这句话ETS没有特别难为我们,如果要我故意来写的话,我还会省略,我会这么说:The sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of decedents an individual will have and hence of(这个of不能省略,省略语法上就出错了。) gene copies transmitted. 这样写更加变态,我连后面的number of也给省略了。 2. Hardy's weekness derives from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of those divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. 这句话没说的,没什么难度,主要是注意并列关系 derive from (derive from )后面的第二个from前省略了(derive)其他的基本上没有难度,如果看不懂就是这里的抽象词对你来说多了点,不过基本都是四六级词汇。所以不多说了。 3. Vriginia Woolf's provocative statement about her intention in writing Mrs, Dalloway has regularly ignored by critics, since it highlights an aspect of his literary interests very different from the traditional pictures of poets of novolists concerned with examing state of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathway of individual conscienciousness. 这句话还是有一定难度的,难度主要体现在由since引导的原因状语从句,后面的结构十分复杂,主语是it 谓语是hightlight 宾语是aspect of后面都是修饰成分,阅读的时候可以速读,掠过去,不要求重点理解,这个可以看后面的翻译,如果你在读中文的时候,快速理解这句话,这些成分也一定是略去或者是做不重要的处理,这到不是说你在读中文的时候要刻意的来想什么成分要重视看,什么成分可以省去不看或者略看,主要是汉语对我们来说太敏感了,母语吗,但是读英语的时候我们却不能这样,这是因为我们没有那么敏感,哪么怎么才能敏感呢?一定要加强语感,就是杨鹏说的,这种句子要反复读,读熟,读烂,直到朗朗上口的背出来!!! 4. As she put it in The Common Reader, it is safely to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said and wrote, as we read him, we are absorbing the morality at every pore. 在写之前先回答组长草木也知愁的对这句话的一个疑问,as we read him,是怎么回事?其实这个很正常,As不仅可以引导名词性成分作状语,还可以引导句子做状语,就像开始As she put it in...一样,说到这里,我自己也有疑问了,为什么不是As she puts it in .....为什么不用单三呢??? 这句话同样的结构在第十句话也有 such....... as have been demonstrated in nerve cells. 这里是一样的,这种结构组长只要多读慢慢就会接受的。但是为什么不用单三这个问题。我倒觉得是ETS在写这句话时的语法错误。 5. With the conclusion of a burst of activity, the lactic acid level is high in body fluid, leaving a large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted, via oxidative metabolism, by liver into glucose, which is sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogens resynthesis. 我在默写这句话的时候看了两次书,一次是oxidative忘了怎么拼写了,再一个是glycogen(肝糖原)不会写。但是这句话依然让我有疑问,不是句子是她说的内容,我怎么记得返回肌肉的是肌糖原呢?不过前面说从肝脏出来,然后在返回肝脏,我怎么不知道呢?高中生物我可学的是很不错的啊。晕。。难道我都忘了~~~~ 郁闷ING中~~~~~~~~ 说一说这句话,其实这句话主要是词汇比较生疏,专有名词太多了,结构上没有什么复杂的,主句其实就是the lactic acid level is high in body fluid 这句话主要是状语比较多,起到了修饰限制的作用,前面With 引导的伴随状语,然后leaving动名词引导状语之后又有until的时间状语 via介词引导状语 by介词引导状语(都是方式状语) 最后对这两个介词进行which的非限定性定语修饰,which 说前面这些都是要被返送回肌肉中去做肝糖原的重合成。 6 Although Gutman admits that the forced separation by sales were frequent, he shows that the slaves' preference, revealed most clearly on the plantations where the sales were infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy. 这句话如果没有了中间的那段插入语,就等于废品一句了。 revealed most clearly on the plantations where the sales were infrequent。主要是这个插入语太讨厌了,初读难句的人可能会把reveal理解成谓语,但是读到后面was very much for stable monogamy的时候大脑发生混乱不工作了。 这句话还有一个难点就是前面说的sales frequent 和 infrequent容易把人搞乱,但是根据Although的让步状语我们应该能够判断前面说force separation frequent,后面就一定说infrequent,具体表现就是for stable monogamy,有了稳定的一夫一妻制,这里的sales也很infrequent。在这里问一下组长的polygamy问题,黑人奴隶不知道对这个问题怎么看待? 7 Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of Black family encouraged the transmission of --so was crucial in sustaining-- Black heritage of music, folklore, and the religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their American-African experieces. 本句难度主要体现在--so was crucial in sustaining--这个插入语,不过还好,ETS还算有好,用hyphen帮我们标注出来了,对于两个逗号的插入语我还不大熟悉,有时候不会意识到。本句的修饰成分主要是几个介词频繁出现引导修饰成分,所以颇为可恶,of, from 等等。 不过还不是致命的,多读读就好了,这个没什么的啦。 8 The preference of exogamy, Gutman suggests, may derive from West-African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one group to another, all involves some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. 这句话在我看来没什么难度,不知道为什么被选做难句来,这话要是出现在四六级考研阅读中可能还要拿出来说说,GRE里这句话基本上没有难度。要是肥硕说的话,就是 rules 后面的动名词修饰--管理婚姻的法令。 9 His thesis works relatively well, when applied to discrimination against the Blacks in the Unite State, but his definition of racial prejudice as" recially-based negative prejudgement against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition" interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as Chineses in California and Jews in the medieval Europe. 这句话很有名气了,我曾经在一本四级阅读长难句的书中看到过这句话,那本书叫:四级长难句分析(文都教育-蓝色的)当时看的时候没有感觉到,后来看完杨鹏难句再去看这本书的时候,惊奇的发现里面有60%的句子都是杨鹏难句中GRE和GMAT的,先说说杨鹏书中说的一句话:“自从我出了这本书后,引来一片难句风潮,先是四六级,后来是雅思阅读。”估计其中就是针对这本书说的(可能是---其中之一)因为我推断了一下两本书的出版时间,才这么断定的,再加上这其中重复很多,基本上都是从杨鹏这里抄袭来的。呵呵 另外四级考生去读GRE-GMAT难句,合适吗?这么做会吓到他们的,这书出的实在有点残念。 这句话难度基本上集中在but后面," recially-based negative prejudgement against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition“不易理解,当然阅读的时候即使不理解这句话也没事。 10 Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction of speed, excitation threshold and like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remain negligible in significance for any possible correlation with manifold demensions of mental experiences. 这句话难度主要是such as结构,Such中间成分太多,名词并列 and like=and so on 后面as 引导从句可能会有不少认为句子谓语是had been demonstrated 那就错了,这只是 such as 中的成分,怎么能做谓语? 谓语是 remain 然后就是for后面的东西不要理解,但是不要紧,我们只要理解到前面就够了,不信的话你去读读中文翻译,你会发现for后面成分在读中文的时候你也会是去略读甚至不读的。因此我们训练难句就要为了达到这种语感,什么时候读英文的时候会像汉语一样自己靠强烈的语感和直觉来判断什么地方应该详细读,什么地方略读甚至不读,而这一切要在下意识的情况下反映出来,你的语感就很强了,那时候摆脱语法的束缚,和作者思想神交~~~ 这也是杨鹏说提倡的英文阅读最高境界。让我们一同去努力达到!!! |