[YB2] 7月2日作业 by lossingzone

lossingzoneUID: 2519545

1.
通过爱因斯坦的话引出总观点，将事情变得尽量简单是一件需要勇气和努力的事情
2.
将事情简化，用简单的方法解决问题，所得到的尊敬和认可往往比用复杂的方法解决少。因为从心理学的角度看，人们对自己不懂的东西都会有崇拜感。因此，很多人倾向于将用从复杂的角度去理解和解决问题
3.
但是简单的背后蕴含的却是最深刻的东西，只有理解事物的本质才能将事情简化，才能用简单明了的方法去解决问题。复杂的方法往往是因为没有充分理解事物的本质。
4.
一般地，将事情简化以及找到简单的解决问题的方法是非常困难的，这需要我们找到隐藏在背后的最深刻的东西――规律。而寻找规律的过程可以变得非常需要勇气非常困难，因为它不仅仅是解决一件事那么简单，它要解决的是一类的问题。
5.
结束。再次强调要将事情简化并非易事，这需要对事情的本质有深刻的理解。


The most famous physician, two Noble prizes winners, Einstein said:" Everything should be as simple as possible, but not to be too simple." What he meant is that matters around us are full of complexity. In order to have a better understanding of this world, we should find out the rule behind it and make matters simple. Obviously, it is not always an easy thing to achieve this; it takes us much courage and effort.

From the psychology aspect of human beings, we are eager to be admitted by others. How can we imagine if our hard work does not receive even a glance of others? We must be very frustrated. In the other hand, people tend to worship things that they are not well understood. Suppose that there is a very hard mathematical problem which is not solved yet. One day, two mathematicians overcome its difficulty and solve it respectively. One solves it by a very simple method, which is easy to understand. The other one solves it by a very complex means. They announce their work to the public respectively. The most possibility is that, the mathematician who solves the problem by a complex method receive more appraise than the one who solves it by a very simple approach. Why? Just because the simple method is so easy that many people can understand it, and they will think that the mathematician gets the answer by lucky. While the complex approach is too hard for most people to understand, the public would think that only the genius can do this. This example illustrates that sometimes it really takes us courage to treat issues in a simple way. It's not the problem of can or cannot, but the problem of dare or dare not.

Actually, in most situations, it is much hard to make things simpler and solve things in a simple way. All the problems, around us, in essence, are dominated by some disciplines. In order to overcome the problem, one needs to find out the rules hiding behind it. Once you find it, you can solve the problem easily. Of course, you may find the solution without making clear what the rule hiding behind it is, but at the price of more effort and with a more complex method. Take one of the greatest mathematician, Gauss for example. Before Gauss find the formula for counting the sum of integers from an integer n to a larger integer m, people can deal with it by summing up these integers one by one. How hard it is if we want to sum up 1 to 100000! However, Gauss stood out and said, there is no need to use such tiresome method. Then he gave a general formula to deal with such problems. Thanks to his formula, we can sum up 1 to 100000 or even more complicate problems similar in a short time now.

Nowadays, we all think that Gauss's formula we discussing above is very easy, even a high school student can deduce it easily. However, why none found it before Gauss? If you say that this is just a coincidence, we can take more examples. All the rules that Newton, the greatest physician found, is very simple for us today. However, why not others but Newton found it? These examples expose the fact that the simple things are actually not simple at all. All simple things are actually an expression of some profound rules. The expression of these rules may be as simple as counting digits; however, the process of finding the expression can be the hardest thing all over the world. Without digging out the profound disciplines hiding behind, we will never think it simple.

It's will never an easy thing to make things simple, unless we have a good understanding of the essence of the matter. To make things as simple as possible, from one aspect, is to make the rules behind it as much as possible.

45The following appeared as an editorial in a wildlife journal.

"Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arctic region. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of a year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed, and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the decline in arctic deer populations is the result of deer being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea."

1. The editorial cites a reports from local hunters, but whether the reports is credible is questionable.
2. Even the population of deer is declining; there is no testimony to show that global warming make the deer can not travel from one island to another
3. Even the global warming make the island separate so that the deer can travel to other islands, however, it probable that the warmer whether make the island more food so the population of deer is increased. Moreover, the declination of deer's population can be caused by many other reasons such as excess hunting, etc.

The author concludes that the decline of deer population on islands in Canada's arctic region is due to the deer can't migrate across the frozen sea. To sustain it, the author cites the reports from local hunters which claim that deer population are declining, and the fact that decline of deer population coincides with recent global warming trends which causes the sea ice to melt. It sounds reasonable. However, by careful analysis, we can find some flaws.

First, the authenticity of the reports is questionable. As the author indicates, the reports are made by local hunters. How these hunters judge that the deer population is declining? Perhaps these hunters hunt less deer than normal years, so they conclude that there is a decline in deer population. However, less deer hunted not always equals a decline in deer population. Perhaps, there are less experienced hunters now so less deer are hunted. As we know, less and less people near arctic region give up hunting and turn to other means to make a living. Therefore, it's not authentic to conclude that deer population is declining. In order to make sure whether there is a decline in deer population, more scientific surveys are needed.

Second, even we accept the hypothesis that deer population is declining, however, is the arctic region warm enough to make the sea ice to melt so that the islands become separated all year long? There is no doubt that untold surveys show that the sea ice in arctic region is melting. Yet, we also realize that there is still some time with cold weather in arctic region when the sea ice is so thick that animals can travel across the sea from island to island. The global warming trends don’t indicate the earth is always warmer than before. What we mean the earth is warmer than twenty years ago is that the earth's average temperature is higher than twenty years ago. It's just a statistics of average temperature. In winter, it can be much colder than before. Just as the winter of the year 2007 in China, it was the coldest during the past thirty years, as the experts said. Therefore, without more detail information, it is not believable to say that the deer are unable to travel across the sea.

Third, even the global warming make the island separate so that the deer cannot travel to other islands, however, there is no testimony to prove that the deer population will decline without migrating. Perhaps as a result of global warming, the arctic region becomes warmer so that there is more food for deer. With enough food, deer population will increase, on the contrary. Moreover, there are many reasons for the decline of deer population, for example, excess hunting, pollution, etc. The author cannot make exact conclusion by considering only one factor and ignore other important factors.

In sum, the editorial is logically flawed. To rectify it, the author should at least do the following things. First, make sure whether the deer population is declining. Second, ensure whether the deer cannot travel across the sea to other island anymore. Third, be certain that invalidity of traveling across the frozen sea will make the deer population decrease.

jackzhenguoUID: 2654215

7 4jackzhenguo给losingzone修改的，请见附件

lossingzoneUID: 2519545

谢谢，你提的意见的确很对，有些地方我写得很牵强完全没说服力