issue9 [color=#ff0009][b]更新!加贴neko的issue9完全验尸报告~[/b][/color]
issue9. "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."提纲:
position:反对
body:
1.让步 承认事实Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience.
2.转折 从现今的状况来看 narrow audience 并没有阻碍use的使用
3. 递进 相反 在许多方面 不适当的wider audience反倒会因为对disciplines的一知半解导致ideas不能很好的推进
neko经典习惯论证方式
让步 一正一反
conclusion:对于一个新的discipline来说 最重要的不是让更多人去理解它 而是做出让人更能使用的东西
With the high-speed development of modern science and technology, it is impossible to achieve the realistic situation in which all people on the earth could be audience of any academic discipline. Narrow broad of audience, however, does not-as the speaker predicted-interfere the popularization of utilization of newly-born disciplines.
Specialization at the prominent speed in all scientific fields has become an irreversible trend that no one could deny or hold back. The generalists such as Aristotle 2000 years ago will never appear in such world where every second new phenomena are discovered and new disciplines are established while others being abandoned. Nowadays, it becomes ridiculous to expect ordinary people to understand the method of application of mathematics in economical field, the theory about the transformation from solar energy to electronic one, or the mechanism of some chemical curing certain disease. These disciplines, being like the loftiest artists, fail to resonance the popular but have to find the echoes from minority of people-the experts.
However, lack of understanding of such disciplines never prevents the extension to use them. The stock-prognosticating software which involves the utilization of applied mathematics are being used in every office in the Wall street; tremendous watches, calculators, or even cars due to the application of theory few could understand are produced in thousands of factories; and tons of supplements and medicines whose reaction are rarely known by the population are taken down every day. What the users, who can never replaced by the audience of mysterious disciplines, care most is not what the disciplines are, how they function, whether they are simple or difficult to understand, but the result of the application. In other words, the products rather than the logical relation are the only thing consumers pursue; difference between experts and ordinary people eliminates facing with the use of some discipline.
Moreover, in some cases, the efforts to wide the audience of disciplines may cause troubles and interfere the utilization of some disciplines. Take the debut of the nuclear power plant for example. Educators and politicians pushed toward popularization of knowledge about the nuclear power due to the end of World War II without consideration of the ability of the ordinary to absorb the theory properly. Later in 1960s, the utilization of nuclear power plant faced impassable troubles and doubts about the safety problem from the citizens. Although the complaint and suspicion ended up with the success of the plant, the shades and worries in such generation's minds lasted for more than twenty years. The wrong exception and understanding, once establishing in people's minds, are so big obstacles in the road of utilization of a scientific idea that may cause the process suspect or even abort. From this point of view, when the capability of fully understanding of an idea cannot found in most people, it is better to keep silence to them to avoid misunderstanding and to leave the research work to the experts.
To conclusion, the narrow audience, the specialists chosen by the society, does not equal to the small market and low possibility of utilization. A new discipline or idea requires nothing concerning public understanding yet a chance for experts to make out useful products.
不求语言 自己知道自己语言肯定恶心
大家看看逻辑如何
谢谢啦~~~~~ 占座 这篇我刚写了提纲，来讨论下：
1 删了
2 不要小看了美国考官的知识量：understand the method of application of mathematics in economical field, the threory about the transformation from solar energy to electronic one似乎太容易了。典型电好。
ridiculous 慎用啊。being like 考虑用liken 最初由 lakeqian 发布
这篇我刚写了提纲，来讨论下：
1 注意audience先。第三段的主要问题。ideas reach only a narrow "audience"指学术上的影响，不是说造出产品影响我们生活吧。
2 不要小看..
以下省略......
第一个问题不懂你在说什么
第二个问题你没明白我的意思 我是说数学理论应用到经济上这个方法不是每个人都能明白的 跟改卷子的人什么知识量无关
ridiculous我自然是考虑过才用的 就是为了强调
楼上的同学说慎用 但这里是否不能用 能否给出具体分析?
逻辑
本来的基准就是audience不等于user
谢谢楼上的同学
下次如果要指出逻辑错误请更明显一些的说明
要不本人比较!@#$ 不能明白
再次感谢~ 数学理论应用到经济上这个方法不是每个人都能明白的,但已经不是非常narrow的学科。让考官觉得你给个典型例子而已。其实没什么问题。个人感觉吧。。
ridiculous我自然是考虑过才用的 就是为了强调
楼上的同学说慎用 但这里是否不能用 能否给出具体分析?
回：慎用不是因为强调，是因为这个词可能太强以至于有人身攻击的色彩类似absurd ironic的程度。看看gre阅读。选作者态度从没有说可笑荒唐的。但使用后果没有统计结论。
audience那个问题。。。sorry好像是我没看清楚，对不起啊。当我没说。那时大脑短路了。。。不知所云。。。。。。sorry。//bow 最初由 lakeqian 发布
数学理论应用到经济上这个方法不是每个人都能明白的,但已经不是非常narrow的学科。让考官觉得你给个典型例子而已。其实没什么问题。个人感觉吧。。
ridiculous我自然是?.
以下省略......
呵呵 不用sorry
偶要谢谢你才是
ridiculous的问题 看来明天的确应该研究一下
再次谢谢楼上同学的指点~~
呵呵~ :D issue9. "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."
提纲:
position:反对
body:
1.让步 承认事实Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience.
2.转折 从现今的状况来看 narrow audience 并没有阻碍use的使用
3. 递进 相反 在许多方面 不适当的wider audience反倒会因为对disciplines的一知半解导致ideas不能很好的推进
neko经典习惯论证方式
让步 一正一反
conclusion:对于一个新的discipline来说 最重要的不是让更多人去理解它 而是做出让人更能使用的东西
先就提纲发表一下我的意见：1。花一个让步段去论证题目阐述的一个事实以表示你对题目的肯定似乎和你的立场格格不入。有没有必要去证明这个事实？或者说以怎样的方式将你承认的作者的事实融入到你的反驳中去？（是不是可以一段里面小让步小转折）这都有待商榷。此外，根据你的立场，让步段的位置应该放到后面去。直接了当更好 2。转折部分是从正面论证，可是仅仅是从现今的状况来看是否全面？这一部分是全文的重点，个人认为所谓的反面论证只是论证的加强补充部分，正面一般是重点。3。这道题目我觉得一开始就容易让我们产生一个误区：题目有一个假设的前提：理念是否有用和观众的多少有必然的联系。那么，无论我们的观点如何，这是一个不可逃避的点。
With the high-speed development of modern science and technology, it is impossible to achieve thea realistic situation in which all people on the earth could be anaudience of any academic discipline. Narrow broad of audience, however, does not-as the speaker predicted-interfere the popularization of utilization of newly-born disciplines.
作为主题句你的回应不错，可是画线部分造成了这样一个逻辑关系，因为不可能有A情况所以不会发生B情况。这明显是不合理的。
Specialization at the prominent speed in all scientific fields has become an irreversible trend that no one could deny or hold back. The generalists such as Aristotle 2000 years ago will never appear in such world where every second new phenomena are discovered and new disciplines are established while others being abandoned. Nowadays, it becomes ridiculous to expect ordinary people to understand the method of application of mathematics in economical field, the theory about the transformation from solar energy to electronic one, or the mechanism of some chemical curing certain disease.这句话的意思可能表达有误，了解这些问题了就不是ordinary people了？我觉得应该改为 common These disciplines, being like the loftiest artists, fail to resonance the popular but have to find the echoes from minority of people-the experts.
However, lack of understanding of such disciplines never prevents the extension to use of them. The stock-prognosticating software which involves the utilization of applied mathematics are being used in every office in the Wall street; tremendous watches, calculators, or even cars due to the application of theory few could understand are produced in thousands of factories; and tons of supplements and medicines whose reaction are rarely known by the population are taken down every day. What the users, who can never replaced by the audience of mysterious disciplines, care most is not what the disciplines are, how they function, whether they are simple or difficult to understand, but the result of the application. In other words, the products rather than the logical relation are the only thing consumers pursue; difference between experts and ordinary people eliminates facing with the use of some discipline.
正面论证的部分以例子来堆砌是我不同意的写法，而且本来可以有很多的逻辑层面，因为例子而变的支离破碎。虽然你举了很多例子，但是有局限性：因为你到后来把例子概括到 consumer的角度了，也并没有说明更没有证明其他场合其他时间，这种情况也是一样的。
Moreover既然一正一反，何以见得是moreover, in some cases, the efforts to widewiden the audience of disciplines may cause troubles and interfere the utilization of some disciplines. Take the debut of the nuclear power plant for example. Educators and politicians pushed toward popularization of knowledge about the nuclear power due to the end of World War II without consideration of the ability of the ordinary 置疑一下：核能的不妥使用是由于人们对于理论的不妥理解么？还是其他什么？ to absorb the theory properly. Later in 1960s, the utilization of nuclear power plant faced impassable troubles and doubts about the safety problem from the citizens. Although the complaint and suspicion ended up with the success of the plant, the shades and worries in such generation's minds lasted for more than twenty years. The wrong exception and understanding, once establishing in people's minds, are so big obstacles in the road of utilization of a scientific idea that may cause the process suspect or even abort. 这句话是为了论证什么而服务？如果是为了论证下面这句话，我建议要修改一下主题句。 From this point of view, when the capability of fully understanding of an idea cannot found in most people, it is better to keep silence to them to avoid misunderstanding and to leave the research work to the experts.
To conclusion,to conclude，in conclusion the narrow audience, the specialists chosen by the society, does not equal to the small market and low possibility of utilization. A new discipline or idea requires nothing concerning public understanding yet a chance for experts to make out useful products.
总结一下：由于对关系是否存在的讨论是否缺乏，文章的深度需要进一步加强。整体不够可信。文章随后一段的画线句子实际上是一个很重要的论调，如果论证好了，可以自成一段。如果audience 的多少和利用根本没有必然联系的话，又和谈阻碍 ？
个人的一点看法，猫儿不要生气我一句好话都没有说，呵呵。继续讨论。 本来说给点意见，看了九月的，觉着自己就太肤浅了，还是不说了
很佩服九月的严谨缜密！学习！
大家能否讨论一下九月提出的body1要否存在的必要呢？记得上次这篇文章也是issue9 https://bbs.gter.net/bbs/showthread.php?s=&threadid=206724&highlight=issue9 就被人提出来过，虽然也有人认为有必要，但是没有更多的讨论啊？ 新来的，随便说几句。
同意九月的观点，body1感觉却是没什么必要。无论作者的观点如何（赞成或反对）这都是不变的事实。为了一个正方反方都同意的前提论证没什么必要。
我自己临时想了一下，感觉作者还可以加上这么一段：评价学者观点的尺度究竟是什么？不是Audience的多少，是。。。（个人发挥,hehe）
若有不妥，望大家指教 With the high-speed development of modern science and technology, it is impossible to achieve the realistic（it is impossible to realize） situation in which all people on the earth could be audience of any （any single）academic discipline. Narrow broad of audience, however, does not-as the speaker predicted-interfere the popularization（用得不好） of utilization of newly-born disciplines.（这句话插入语写得不好）
（能看得出来承认现象反对结论，用词上显得未免随便了点。）
Specialization at the prominent speed in all scientific fields has become an irreversible trend that no one could deny or hold back. The generalists such as Aristotle 2000 years ago will never appear in such world where every second new phenomena are（为什么是are） discovered and new disciplines are established while others being abandoned. Nowadays, it becomes ridiculous to expect ordinary people to understand the method of application of mathematics in economical field, the theory about the transformation from solar energy to electronic one, or the mechanism of some chemical curing certain disease. These disciplines, being like（being和like最多保留一个） the loftiest artists, fail to resonance（动词？） the popular（？） but have to find the echoes from minority of people-the experts. （用词仍然太不考究，好在基本上还是传达了信息。亏得前几天还有个逻辑和语言的争论.....真该好好向hatty学学）
However, lack of understanding of such disciplines never prevents（不是"预防"吧？） the extension（extensiveness？） to use them. （you should pay attention to your word choice）The stock-prognosticating software which involves the utilization of applied mathematics are being used in every office in the Wall street; tremendous watches, calculators, or even cars due to the application of theory few could understand are produced in thousands of factories; and tons of supplements and medicines whose reaction are rarely known by the population are taken down every day. What the users, who can never replaced by the audience of mysterious disciplines（整个前半句诡异，这个插入语的位置别扭）, care most is not what the disciplines are, how they function, whether they are simple or difficult to understand,（这些并列之间没有点儿连词？） but the result of the application. In other words, the products rather than the logical relation are the only thing consumers pursue; difference between experts and ordinary people eliminates facing with the use of some discipline.（掉了两个关键字吧？idea，use. 如果不完成对there idea are indeed of genuine use的说明，这一段是没有回到题目的）
Moreover, in some cases, the efforts to wide the audience of disciplines may cause troubles and interfere the utilization of some disciplines. Take the debut of the nuclear power plant for example. Educators and politicians pushed toward popularization of knowledge about the nuclear power due to the end of World War II without consideration of the ability of the ordinary to absorb the theory properly. Later in 1960s, the utilization of nuclear power plant faced impassable troubles and doubts about the safety problem from the citizens. Although the complaint and suspicion ended up with the success of the plant, the shades and worries in such generation's minds lasted for more than twenty years. The wrong exception and understanding, once establishing（又错了，established） in people's minds, are so big obstacles in the road of utilization of a scientific idea that may cause the process suspect or even abort. From this point of view, when the capability of fully understanding of an idea cannot found in most people, it is better to keep silence to them to avoid misunderstanding and to leave the research work to the experts.（这个段落的line和word choic还算好一些，论点特异，不过说得还算明白）
To conclusion, the narrow audience, the specialists chosen by the society, does not equal to the small market and low possibility of utilization. A new discipline or idea requires nothing concerning public understanding yet a chance for experts to make out useful products.
（Word Choice上面必须达到一定的基本水平，要不然最多总是4分的文章。没有一定的基础语言能力你的delicate thought怎么传达嘛！~
这篇文章前几段word choice做的exceptionally差。） 看来论段的焦点在于第一个body是否应该需要
还有位置问题~~~~
恩
研究一下再来报告~ 另外谢谢楼上各位的辛勤修改
尤其谢谢百忙的九月和累坏了的老大~
谢谢~ imong,你还记得我考前六天写的那个么？
现在我想的是怎么样叫做“语言可以了”？ 语言不制约思维的表达
就可以了
这方面我的观点很早就已经很明确了 ok，仔细看了语言，我觉得猫儿的语言基本表达了思想，但是word choice 的确有点问题，个人认为这个是写作比较让人头疼的一个方面。