雅思小作文精讲--剑桥图表--表格 B4T1

喵呜~UID：3339380

目录贴见：https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1620851-1-1.html
本帖的二三楼内容来源于大漠老师的微博，版权属于剑桥雅思和大漠

二楼：中文思路
三楼：范文分析
四楼：翻译练习

喵呜~UID：3339380

剑桥图表B4T1

第一步：确定X轴和Y轴
这个图表很怪异，因为X轴不是我们常见的单一的分类方式，而是多个X的一个排列组合，如表格的人群分类
X1 无序变量年龄（老人、非老人）；
X2 无序变量单身否（单身、夫妇）；
X3 无序变量有小孩否（有，无）
记得我们小时候学过的排列组合吗？各因素的排列组合便形成了一个排列人群，如单身和有小孩组合便成为了sole parent
Y  绝对变量百分数表示应当特别注意分子和分母的属性，如本表格分子是该人群中贫困人群的数目，分母是全体人群（并不单指贫困人群的数目）。这个Y值采用的是双标尺。

第二步：分析图表
首先我们按照组合重新将表格组合，安排出了couple与children的完全四种组合，但是因素age应当与young形成组合，但这个组合中的young couple和young single这两个数据被细分了

couple	children		aged
	yes	no
yes	12	7	4
no	21	19	6

以各个X, Y轴各个进行分析
X1 年龄：老年人贫困比率比年轻人低
X2 单身：couple的贫困比率比single低
X3 小孩：有小孩的贫困率比无小孩的高
Y   列出平均值11%，而且最高的两个值为sole parent 21%和single, no children 19%, 最低的两个值为aged couple 4%和single aged couple 6%, 贫困率最低的两组人恰好两者均为age group

第三步：确定框架
虽然表格比较晦涩难懂，但是经过经典的X,Y轴分析方法，我们可以很轻松的看出表格的含义，现在只需要将X,Y轴分析的结果逐一的表达出来就可以了，文章按这个顺序来谈：
Y轴：平均11%的人口处于贫困状态
贫困率最高的两个人群为sole parent和single, no children (其实也就是single adult)
X2轴 Couple的贫困率低，其中couple中no children贫困率比children低
X3轴 Children的贫困率高、

喵呜~UID：3339380

题目
The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
看看题目的要求main features和comparisons, 这也是雅思图表作文的常规的要求

开头段
The table gives a breakdown of the different types of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.
标准的图表作文格式，提示图表内容，写作手法就是改写题目（一定要改写，照抄扣分），下面我们对照改写部分：
The table below shows 改为 the table gives
the proportion 改为 a breakdown
different categories 改为 different types
living in poverty 现在分词作定语改为定语从句 who were living in poverty
作者改写方式很简单，也很实用，就是简单的同词义替换

主体一段
On average, 11% of all households, comprising almost two million people, were in this position.
On average引出了平均值的介绍，sb be in this position
在整体与部分的表达中，有两类词组，需要特别注意
包括  整体包括部分：consist of, comprise, include
组成  部分组成整体  make up, compose, constitute

However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.
指出极端值
one parent or a single adult文中指的就是young adults,
double 词性为前位限定词，就是放在冠词之前的词，常见的结构为 double the number/amount/size, 如We will need double this amount for eight people, double还可替换为 a quarter 四分之一, half一半, twice两倍, triple三倍, three times三倍
主体二段
Couples generally tended to the better off, with lower poverty levels for couples without children (7%) than those with children (12%).
指出couple比single好，Couples generally tended to be better off 言简意赅，写得太好了
generally [adv] 指一般情况
tend to do [vt] 倾向于，减缓语气，不说绝对的话，这个表达太常用了，让我们铭记在心吧
better off/worse off [adj]：better off 情况更好 worse off 情况更糟
with 介词短语表示补充说明couples的情况，以前就谈到过，任何比较结构必须弄清楚三点，比较对象和比较属性，以及比较特征词，此处的比较对象为 couples without children与couples with children，比较属性为 poverty levels, 比较特征词为lower。
此处表达为完整句子为 Poverty levels for couples without children (7%) are lower than poverty levels for couples with children (12%), 所以必须注意的是those with children中的those指代是 the poverty levels for couples这个部分，比较两个部分必须对等，否则是错误的，切记，我们中国学生最容易犯比较成分不对等的毛病

It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.
指出children 比 no children的贫困率低，It is noticeable that 是一个常用的万能句型了
A higher than average proportion 中的higher than average为复合形容词
主体三段
Older people were generally less likely to be poor, though once again the trend favored elderly couples (only 4%) rather than single elderly people (6%).
指出aged people 比 young adults 好， older people were generally less likely to be poor 与上文中的couples generally tended to be better off有异曲同工之妙，简直是经典重现
be most/more/less/lest likely to do sth 中likely [adj], 这个句型表达可能性，很有用
though 名为转折，实际上是表示补充说明
The trend favored A rather B, 这个表达俺就是中文也想不出来啊，赶快记住，这可以表示两者比较
结尾段
Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.
Overall the table suggests that… 典型的图表作文结尾段，归纳一下图表的表达含义，这里表达单身和有孩子使人贫困（因为上文明确谈到了aged people, 所以这里没有重复）
be likely to do sth 再次运用


词汇句型积累

这篇范文的开头和结尾段是典型的图表作文模式，开头通过改写文章题目来提示图表内容，结尾段归纳总结图表含义，大家要仔细揣摩，掌握这个模式

绝对多数图表作文都要求做comparison, 也就是两者比较，
比较句的三要素就是比较对象和比较属性，还有对比较属性作修饰的比较特征词

Those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people.
比较对象：those (one parent or a single adult)和all households
比较属性：the proportion of poor people
比较特征词 double (前卫限定词)

Couples generally tended to be better off
比较对象 couples与 singles
比较属性 生活水平
比较特征词： better off [adj]

Older people were generally less likely to be poor
比较对象 older people 和young people
比较属性 生活水平
比较特征词 less [adv]

The trend favored elderly couples rather than single elderly people.
比较对象 elderly couples 与 single elderly people
比较属性 生活水平
比较特征词 favor [vt]

For both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty.
比较对象 household with children与 all households
比较属性 a proportion of poor people
比较特征词 higher [adj]

喵呜~UID：3339380

占

SophieBabyUID：2672534

赞

喵呜~UID：3339380

SophieBaby 发表于 2013-8-28 16:35
赞

谢谢  其实我这个帖子的链接还没弄好  本来想偷懒的，既然有人光临，我就要认真弄啦

SophieBabyUID：2672534

那我就期待着了。
小作文的确很头痛。我是雅思新手，还望多多指教哈

shelbywuUID：3370188

感谢LZ，最近刚好在做IELTS4，受益匪浅。

wwy199098UID：3441961

挺复杂的，雅思新手看看

fancyhuhuUID：3502847

分析的太棒了！！赞楼主用心～～很受益～～

邹蒋前UID：3561720

看看