George的第一次作业！请多指教~

baihe1988UID: 2203505

Issue-51: Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.

提纲：教育的目的应该以面向学生的需要为准则，所以题中观点具有正确的一面；但是在实际教学中的许多实际情况限制了这一目的的实现可能。具体提纲如下：第一：文中观点有正确面，目的取向是好的。第二：在实际操作中还有诸多实际问题需要考虑——比如这一目的取向对学校教学设施的要求、对老师的要求、对学生的时间和精力的要求等等都很现实的问题，这些问题从根本上限制了题中目的的实现；另外过分细化学生的学习范围会导致将来人才的视野狭窄，从根本上来说，对学生的未来发展不利。第三：对上述限制提出解决之道——对于有特殊兴趣的学生，学校可以开设特殊的小规模课程行教学，这样的学生是又博又专的人才。第四：对全文进行总结，教育的目的性体现在有不同需求的对象的身上反映于教学的手段的不同。

正文：
I agree with the author that the education should aim at meeting the individual’s needs and interests, and that is really an effective way of training students. We can get our teaching goal by meeting the students’ needs and interests.
     Although I agree with the speaker’s opinion, I don’t all agree with it------just part of it. Because there are a lot of things, which only exist in our real steps, to be considered when we begin to make our idea come true. For example, if we meet all the needs and interests of all the students, who have needs and interests, there will be bad influence on those students. Because part of the needs and interests of them are their outburst, that is, they are not sure whether those needs really belong to them. So, if we meet them without an end, there will lead to terrible result, which is the waste of our teaching resources, and our teaching resources are not very rich yet. If we meet all the needs and interests, there will be some other problems in the school systems. For example, more and more teaching equipments are needed, in order to meet all the students’ interests. And more and more teachers are needed, for the sake of instructing those students, who have new needs and interests. Besides, one’s energy is not infinite, so do those students. They can hardly afford to spare enough time in researching the programs concerning their needs of their new ideas. That is to say, those students may not have enough time and energy to uncover the mysteries under their new ideas. All the three terms above take a great negative effect on the way of carrying out our teaching goals of our educational systems. Besides the three terms above, there is another negative effect on the students. That is, if we put the students in one special field according to their needs and interests, without teaching them those general courses, they will not have a bright future, because of their narrow horizon. These students even can not get a good job in the future. As a result of this, this teaching mode also has a bad effect on the students. It will ruin some students’ bright future totally.
     We should solve the problems above absolutely. If some students show us that their needs and interests are their real needs and interests, but not the outburst ones, we should consider whether it is necessary to open several special courses for them only or not. And in these courses, there are only several students, who are the best ones and having the same needs or interests. That is to say, we should control the students’ number strictly in order to assure that there are still enough teachers for normal teachings. During these courses, students can communicate with each other and talk about with each other on the common questions. At the same time, they should take their original classes too, in order to widen their horizon. These students are the real best ones. Because they not only do well in their major fields but also are good at other fields, their will have excellent futures.
     In sum, the author’s opinion that we should educate our students according to their needs and interests is a good one, but we shouldn’t overlook, or underestimate the difficulties during the time of carrying out the idea. If we want to get the goal, there are a lot of things to do.

感想：觉得这篇不是很难的，但是自己动笔开始写以后就是写不出好的句子——尤其需要说明的是这还是我第一次写issue，所以错误肯定是大把大把的，要辛苦AMADIS了，呵呵，帮我找错句子和错语法。觉得最困难的部分是：有好多很简单地单词因为好久不用所以都不会写的，郁闷！还有就是提纲不是那么好写的东东，参考了许多书才有这个提纲，哎！

写作时间：７小时（汗阿）～！……-_-!


Argument-26: The following appeared in a memo from the chairperson of the school board in the town of Saluda.
'For the past five years, Mr. Charles Schade has been the music director at Steel City High School, and during that time the school band from Steel City High has won three regional band competitions. In addition, the quality of the music rehearsal facilities and musical instruments at Steel City High has improved markedly over the past five years. Because of such successes at Steel City High, the Saluda school board should hire Mr. Schade to plan and direct the general music education programs for the entire Saluda school system.'

提纲：文中的逻辑错误有：第一：Mr. Charles Schade在任期间，学校的乐队三夺冠军，但是文中并没有说明Mr. Charles Schade的前任在职期间乐队的获奖情况，所以不能得出结论：乐队的获奖是Mr. Charles Schade的功劳；第二：音乐剧的排练设施的改善和乐器质量的提升可能有多方面的原因，所以Mr. Charles Schade在任只是上述结果的一个条件，并不能由此得出结论：设施改善和质量提高应该归功于Mr. Charles Schade。第三：假设Mr. Charles Schade在这五年里确实很精于管理，但是这仅仅是对他自己所在学校的音乐部门的管理，所以不能在此基础上得出结论：他同样适合于管理整个学校系统的普通音乐教育体系。第四：由于以上三条不一定成立，所以得不出结论：Mr. Charles Schade能够胜任管理整个学校系统的普通音乐教育体系这一职位。

正文：
     The article concludes that because of Mr. Charles Schade’s excellent work during the past five years at Steel City High School, Mr. Charles Schade should be hired to direct the general music education programs for the entire Saluda school systems. I find that there are three unconvincing aspects in the argument.
     First of all, we can’t get the conclusion that the three times’ won of the band should attribute to Mr. Charles Schade. The author said that the school band of the Steel City High School had won three regional band competitions during the past five-year’ time of Mr. Charles Schade was the music director of the Steel City High School. It means that the victories of the three competitions attribute to Mr. Charles Schade. And if there was no Mr. Charles Schade, there would be no victories. Well, in my opinion, it seems that the conclusion is wrong. Because there is no evidence which can prove that the school’s band hadn’t won the regional band competitions before Mr. Charles Schade was the music director. If the band hadn’t won the competitions before in fact, then Mr. Charles Schade really had a positive effect on the band during the past five years; but if the school band had won the competitions before, then we probably cannot get the conclusion that Mr. Charles Schade had some kind of positive effect ever.
Secondly, we can’t get the conclusion that the improvement of the quality of the music rehearsal facilities and music instruments can be attributed to Mr. Charles Schade also. There are many possible related reasons on the improvement. For example, if the music was not very popular five years ago, but it has been very popular during the recent five years, then the band will certainly play those instruments better and better, because there are more and more students who could do well in playing those instruments. In this condition we can infer that Mr. Charles Schade probably have little influence on the improvement.
Thirdly, we can’t infer from this article that Mr. Charles Schade will be fit for the job of planning and directing the general music education programs for the entire school system too, even if Mr. Charles Schade have really contributed a lot to the Steel City High School during the past five years. Because it needs a completely different way of administering the music education programs of the whole school system, comparing to the administration of the music parts in the Steel City High School. So the author has no enough evidence to support his idea that Mr. Charles Schade can totally regulate the music education programs of the school system well.
In sum, the argument is unconvincing in several places, which all can be seen above. If the author wants to solve the several problems, he must support his views by adding more information or providing more facts about Mr. Charles Schade and the whole music education programs of the school systems. Only by this way can all the readers know whether Mr. Charles Schade will be fit for the new job or not.

感想：第一篇argument确实比较简单，从开始准备写到写完也就两小时的样子吧——对于第一次写argument的我来说，已经算比较快的了吧~呵呵~在写的时候觉得最大的问题是不能用优美一点的英语语言来表达自己的意思，于是只能用很简单、单调的几句话来说明自己的观点和想法，我觉得以后多练习应该可以解决这个问题的。

写作时间：两小时（以后要加油快些写）*^-^*!


Issue-130: How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society.

提纲：虽然对于孩子的教育是教育影响社会的一个很重要的方面，但是教育对于社会的影响是多渠道的全方位的，而不仅仅是由对一个两个孩子进行教育所能体现的。具体提纲：第一：孩子在教育阶段的社会化并不能彻底决定未来社会的目标和方向。未来社会的目标还取决于很多因素，比如政治、社会文化积淀等。第二：如何培养那些能够对社会有一定积极影响的孩子是教育系统的任务，然而现行的教育系统是不能完全做到这一点的。所以改进教育的方式来培养更优秀的孩子是必要的。

How to raise children and socialize them is only one of the factors which determine the aim of the whole society. There are many other key factors which are more important than how to raise children well, such as, the political factor, and the cultural influence.


Issue-154: Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators.

提纲：对于孩子的教育问题是很重要的一个问题。所以对于孩子的教育就需要全社会的参与。因此文中的观点基本正确。但是也有错误。具体提纲：第一：对于孩子的教育是应该所有的社会载体都参与其中的过程，因此首先肯定文中观点基本正确。第二：不应该把所有父母和社区机构都包含于学校里。因为学校只是教育工作者对孩子进行教育的场所，而父母对孩子教育的场所应该是家里；社区机构的场所应该是所在社区。第三：强调一下除了学校以外的社会载体对于教育参与所产生结果的重要影响。

It is the whole society’s duty, but not only the educator’s duty, to bring up every child well. When a child is home, his parents are his best teachers. The child can learn a lot from his parents unconsciously. The communities also have a great influence on raising a child.


Argument-141: The following appeared in a newsletter distributed at a recent political rally.
Over the past year, the Consolidated Copper Company (CCC) has purchased over one million square miles of land in the tropical nation of West Fredonia. Mining copper on this land will inevitably result in pollution and environmental disaster, since West Fredonia is home to several endangered animal species. But such disaster can be prevented if consumers simply refuse to purchase products that are made with CCC's copper until the company abandons its mining plans.

提纲：逻辑错误：第一：文中没有论据显示这个公司的产品确实造成了危害；第二：即使这个地区的消费者不购买公司的产品了，但是其他地区的消费者还可能会购买；第三：即使这个公司因为消费者全部抵制自己的产品而在那个地区撤出污染源，但是难保其他公司不去那个地区进行采矿活动再次造成污染。第四：消费者不购买这个公司的商品的前提是消费者要认出哪些商品是这一公司生产的，但是文中没有论据说明如何辨别这一公司的需要被抵制的产品。


Argument-232: The following appeared in a memo from the sales manager of Eco-Power, a company that manufactures tools and home appliances.
Many popular radio and television commercials use memorable tunes and song lyrics to call attention to the products being advertised. Indeed, a recent study of high school students showed that 85 percent could easily recognize the tunes used to advertise leading soft drinks and fast-food restaurants. Despite our company's extensive advertising in magazines during the past year, sales of our home appliances declined. Therefore, to boost company profits, we should now switch to advertisements featuring a distinctive song.

提纲：主要由三处逻辑不严密之处：第一：没有论据能够证明销量的下降是因为自己公司在杂志上做的广告不到位。可能有其他原因，比如式样不好看、使用不方便等。第二：调查的结果是软饮料和快餐给高中生留下的印象，而高中生对于家用器材不会有很大的需求，所以即使用歌曲来宣传并且也能给高中生留下深刻印象，但是高中生不会大量购买家用器材的，因此是否能有显著的成效还不一定。第三：在杂志上做广告宣传的费用比较低，而做歌曲的宣传的费用就很高了，所以在不能确定是否有显著效果的情况下就投入大量资金做广告，这一做法值得三思。

amadis007UID: 2101081

Issue-51: Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.

提纲：教育的目的应该基于学生的兴趣以面向学生的需要为准则，所以题中观点具有正确的一面；但是在实际教学中的许多实际情况限制了这一目的的实现可能。具体提纲如下：第一：文中观点有正确面，目的取向是好的。第二：在实际操作中还有诸多实际问题需要考虑——比如这一目的取向对学校教学设施的要求、对老师的要求、对学生的时间和精力的要求等等都很现实的问题，这些问题从根本上限制了题中目的的实现；另外过分细化学生的学习范围会导致将来人才的视野狭窄，从根本上来说，对学生的未来发展不利。第三：对上述限制提出解决之道——对于有特殊兴趣的学生，学校可以开设特殊的小规模课程进行教学，这样的学生是又博又专（全面）的人才。第四：对全文进行总结，教育的目的性体现在有不同需求的对象的身上反映于教学的手段的不同。

正文：
I agree with the author that the education should aim at meeting the individual’s needs and interests, and that is really an effective way of training students. We can achieve our academic goal (教学目的是academic goal) by meeting the students’ needs and interests.
     Although I agree with the author's views, but only partially agree. Because there are a lot of things, which only exist in our real steps, to be considered when we begin to make our idea come true. For example, if we meet all the needs and interests of all the students, who have needs and interests, there will be bad influence on those students. Because part of the needs and interests of them are their outburst, that is, they are not sure whether those needs really belong to them. So, if we meet them without an end, there will lead to terrible result, which is the waste of our teaching resources, and our teaching resources are not very rich yet. If we meet all the needs and interests, there will be some other problems in the school systems. For example, more and more teaching equipments are needed, in order to meet all the students’ interests. And more and more teachers are needed, for the sake of instructing those students, who have new needs and interests. Besides, one’s energy is not infinite, so do those students. They can hardly afford to spare enough time in researching the programs concerning their needs of their new ideas. That is to say, those students may not have enough time and energy to uncover the mysteries under their new ideas. All the three terms above take a great negative effect on the way of carrying out our teaching goals of our educational systems. Besides the three terms above, there is another negative effect on the students. That is, if we put the students in one special field according to their needs and interests, without teaching them those general courses, they will not have a bright future, because of their narrow horizon. These students even can not get a good job in the future. As a result of this, this teaching mode also has a bad effect on the students. It will ruin some students’ bright future totally.
     There is no doubt that we need to take immediate measures to solve those problems. If some students show us that their needs and interests are their real needs and interests, but not the outburst ones, we should consider whether it is necessary to open several special courses for them only or not. And in these courses, there are only several students, who are the best ones and having the same needs or interests. That is to say, we should control the students’ number strictly in order to assure that there are still enough teachers for normal teachings. During these courses, students can communicate with each other and talk about with each other on the common questions. At the same time, they should take their original classes too, in order to widen their horizon. These students are the real best ones. Because they not only do well in their major fields but also are good at other fields, their will have excellent futures.
     In sum, the author’s opinion that we should educate our students according to their needs and interests is a good one, but we shouldn’t overlook, or underestimate the difficulties during the time of carrying out the idea. If we want to get the goal, there are a lot of things to do.
感想：觉得这篇不是很难的，但是自己动笔开始写以后就是写不出好的句子——尤其需要说明的是这还是我第一次写issue，所以错误肯定是大把大把的，要辛苦AMADIS了，呵呵，帮我找错句子和错语法。觉得最困难的部分是：有好多很简单地单词因为好久不用所以都不会写的，郁闷！还有就是提纲不是那么好写的东东，参考了许多书才有这个提纲，哎！
修改感想：1。要用别人的语言来写自己的思想；2.建议看一下《麦肯锡方法》，锻炼一下思维
写作时间：７小时（汗阿）～！……-_-!


Argument-26: The following appeared in a memo from the chairperson of the school board in the town of Saluda.
'For the past five years, Mr. Charles Schade has been the music director at Steel City High School, and during that time the school band from Steel City High has won three regional band competitions. In addition, the quality of the music rehearsal facilities and musical instruments at Steel City High has improved markedly over the past five years. Because of such successes at Steel City High, the Saluda school board should hire Mr. Schade to plan and direct the general music education programs for the entire Saluda school system.'

提纲：文中的逻辑错误有：第一：Mr. Charles Schade在任期间，学校的乐队三夺冠军，但是文中并没有说明Mr. Charles Schade的前任在职期间乐队的获奖情况，所以不能得出结论：乐队的获奖是Mr. Charles Schade的功劳；第二：音乐剧的排练设施的改善和乐器质量的提升可能有多方面的原因，所以Mr. Charles Schade在任只是上述结果的一个条件，并不能由此得出结论：设施改善和质量提高应该归功于Mr. Charles Schade。第三：假设Mr. Charles Schade在这五年里确实很精于管理，但是这仅仅是对他自己所在学校的音乐部门的管理，所以不能在此基础上得出结论：他同样适合于管理整个学校系统的普通音乐教育体系。第四：由于以上三条不一定成立，所以得不出结论：Mr. Charles Schade能够胜任管理整个学校系统的普通音乐教育体系这一职位。

正文：
     The article concludes that Mr. Charles Schade should be hired to direct the general music education programs for the entire Saluda school systems，because of his excellent work at Steel City High School. To support this recommendation the chairperson points out that over the past five years Steel’s band has won three regional awards and that the school’s facilities and instruments have improved markedly. However, close investigation of this evidence reveals that it lends little support for the recommendation.
     First of all, we can’t get the conclusion that the three times’ won of the band should attribute to Mr. Charles Schade. The author said that the school band of the Steel City High School had won three regional band competitions during the past five-year’ time of Mr. Charles Schade was the music director of the Steel City High School. It means that the victories of the three competitions attribute to Mr. Charles Schade. And if there was no Mr. Charles Schade, there would be no victories. Well, in my opinion, it seems that the conclusion is wrong. Because there is no evidence which can prove that the school’s band hadn’t won the regional band competitions before Mr. Charles Schade was the music director. If the band hadn’t won the competitions before in fact, then Mr. Charles Schade really had a positive effect on the band during the past five years; but if the school band had won the competitions before, then we probably cannot get the conclusion that Mr. Charles Schade had some kind of positive effect ever.
Secondly, we can’t get the conclusion that the improvement of the quality of the music rehearsal facilities and music instruments can be attributed to Mr. Charles Schade also. There are many possible related reasons on the improvement. For example, if the music was not very popular five years ago, but it has been very popular during the recent five years, then the band will certainly play those instruments better and better, because there are more and more students who could do well in playing those instruments. In this condition we can infer that Mr. Charles Schade probably have little influence on the improvement.
Thirdly, we can’t infer from this article that Mr. Charles Schade will be fit for the job of planning and directing the general music education programs for the entire school system too, even if Mr. Charles Schade have really contributed a lot to the Steel City High School during the past five years. Because it needs a completely different way of administering the music education programs of the whole school system, comparing to the administration of the music parts in the Steel City High School. So the author has no enough evidence to support his idea that Mr. Charles Schade can totally regulate the music education programs of the school system well.
In sum, the argument is unconvincing in several places, which all can be seen above. If the author wants to solve the several problems, he must support his views by adding more information or providing more facts about Mr. Charles Schade and the whole music education programs of the school systems. Only in this way can we know whether Mr. Charles Schade will adapt to the new work.

感想：第一篇argument确实比较简单，从开始准备写到写完也就两小时的样子吧——对于第一次写argument的我来说，已经算比较快的了吧~呵呵~在写的时候觉得最大的问题是不能用优美一点的英语语言来表达自己的意思，于是只能用很简单、单调的几句话来说明自己的观点和想法，我觉得以后多练习应该可以解决这个问题的。
修改感想：各点找得比较对，但是还需要锻炼语言的表达，建议还可以看看《哈佛商业评论》，最好你能找到与你专业相关的著名牛人，看看他们的文章里面总会有几句经典的话，搬过来！就是你自己鲜活的思想。
写作时间：两小时（以后要加油快些写）*^-^*!


Issue-130: How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society.

提纲：虽然对于孩子的教育是教育影响社会的一个很重要的方面，但是教育对于社会的影响是多渠道的全方位的，而不仅仅是由对一个两个孩子进行教育所能体现的。具体提纲：第一：孩子在教育阶段的社会化并不能彻底决定未来社会的目标和方向。未来社会的目标还取决于很多因素，比如政治、社会文化积淀等。第二：如何培养那些能够对社会有一定积极影响的孩子是教育系统的任务，然而现行的教育系统是不能完全做到这一点的。所以改进教育的方式来培养更优秀的孩子是必要的。

How to raise children and socialize them is only one of the factors which determine the aim of the whole society. There are many other key factors which are more important than how to raise children well, such as, the political factor, and the cultural influence.


Issue-154: Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators.

提纲：对于孩子的教育问题是很重要的一个问题。所以对于孩子的教育就需要全社会的参与。因此文中的观点基本正确。但是也有错误。具体提纲：第一：对于孩子的教育是应该所有的社会载体都参与其中的过程，因此首先肯定文中观点基本正确。第二：不应该把所有父母和社区机构都包含于学校里。因为学校只是教育工作者对孩子进行教育的场所，而父母对孩子教育的场所应该是家里；社区机构的场所应该是所在社区。第三：强调一下除了学校以外的社会载体对于教育参与所产生结果的重要影响。

It is the whole society’s duty, but not only the educator’s duty, to bring up every child well. When a child is home, his parents are his best teachers. The child can learn a lot from his parents unconsciously. The communities also have a great influence on raising a child.


Argument-141: The following appeared in a newsletter distributed at a recent political rally.
Over the past year, the Consolidated Copper Company (CCC) has purchased over one million square miles of land in the tropical nation of West Fredonia. Mining copper on this land will inevitably result in pollution and environmental disaster, since West Fredonia is home to several endangered animal species. But such disaster can be prevented if consumers simply refuse to purchase products that are made with CCC's copper until the company abandons its mining plans.

提纲：逻辑错误：第一：文中没有论据显示这个公司的产品确实造成了危害；第二：即使这个地区的消费者不购买公司的产品了，但是其他地区的消费者还可能会购买；第三：即使这个公司因为消费者全部抵制自己的产品而在那个地区撤出污染源，但是难保其他公司不去那个地区进行采矿活动再次造成污染。第四：消费者不购买这个公司的商品的前提是消费者要认出哪些商品是这一公司生产的，但是文中没有论据说明如何辨别这一公司的需要被抵制的产品。


Argument-232: The following appeared in a memo from the sales manager of Eco-Power, a company that manufactures tools and home appliances.
Many popular radio and television commercials use memorable tunes and song lyrics to call attention to the products being advertised. Indeed, a recent study of high school students showed that 85 percent could easily recognize the tunes used to advertise leading soft drinks and fast-food restaurants. Despite our company's extensive advertising in magazines during the past year, sales of our home appliances declined. Therefore, to boost company profits, we should now switch to advertisements featuring a distinctive song.

提纲：主要由三处逻辑不严密之处：第一：没有论据能够证明销量的下降是因为自己公司在杂志上做的广告不到位。可能有其他原因，比如式样不好看、使用不方便等。第二：调查的结果是软饮料和快餐给高中生留下的印象，而高中生对于家用器材不会有很大的需求，所以即使用歌曲来宣传并且也能给高中生留下深刻印象，但是高中生不会大量购买家用器材的，因此是否能有显著的成效还不一定。第三：在杂志上做广告宣传的费用比较低，而做歌曲的宣传的费用就很高了，所以在不能确定是否有显著效果的情况下就投入大量资金做广告，这一做法值得三思。