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the history of Pluto
1905:Percival Lowell starts the search for PlanetX. The planets, including the newly discovered Neptune, didn't move around thesun in quite the way gravitational laws predicted, and Lowell proposes that anundiscovered planet must be the reason why. He never finds Planet X before hisdeath in 1916.
Feb.18, 1930: Clyde Tombaugh takes up the searchin 1929 at Lowell'sobservatory and proves that discovering new planets is not glamorous work. Fora year, he photographs the same section of sky several nights apart and thensearches the images for any objects that move like a planet should. On Feb. 18he looks at his photographic plates and knows right away that one of the dotsis Planet X.
May1930: A little girl in Britaininterested in Greek and Roman mythology tells her grandfather over breakfastthat the new planet should be named Pluto. He cables the Lowell Observatory,and they unanimously vote for the name because Pluto is the god of theunderworld, which seems appropriate for such a cold and remote planet, and thefirst two letters of Pluto are Percival Lowell's initials.
June22, 1978: The U.S. Naval Observatory's JamesChristy discovers that Pluto has a moon. He names it Charon, after the ferrymanwho take souls into the underworld in Greek mythology, but pronounces it Sharon because his wife'sname is Charlene. The existence of Charon meant that scientists could get abetter read on the mass of Pluto. They found that Pluto and Charon are actuallypretty small. Together, they're smaller than Earth's moon, even.
Aug.30, 1992: Pluto's tiny size didn't disqualifyit from being a planet, but then David Jewitt, an astronomer at the Universityof Hawaii, and Jane Luu, a researcher at the University of California,Berkeley, discover Pluto isn't the only chunk of rock and out there in theKuiper Belt beyond Neptune. Scientists have found hundreds of these objectssince 1992, so some astronomers start to think that maybe Pluto isn’t sospecial after all.
Feb.3, 1999: Pluto's debated status as a planetgets publicity. The International Astronomical Union calms stargazers worriedby recent media reports saying the IAU is planning to demote Pluto. Not so,they say in a press statement. They only want to include it in their numberingsystem for Kuiper Belt objects.
May11, 2000: Scientists may debate whether Plutois a planet, but it's place in the classical music canon gets secured. ComposerColin Matthews writes a movement for Pluto into Gustav Holst's The Planets. AlthoughPluto was discovered in Holst's lifetime, he declined to add it to his suite.
Feb.19, 2000: The RoseCenter for Earth and Space at the American Museumof Natural History in New York Cityopens -- and sneakily omits Pluto from its list of planets. No one seems tonotice until the next year, when the New York Times writes a front page articleabout it.
Jan.5, 2005: Michael Brown, a planetary scientistat the California Institute of Technology, discovers what might be the 10thplanet, Xena. He says it's rocky and icy like Pluto. When he announces hisdiscovery on July 29, he forces astronomers to decide what makes a planet.
Oct.31, 2005: The Hubble Space Telescope PlutoCompanion Search Team discovers that Pluto has three moons, not just one. Moonsdon't qualify an object to be a planet, but having a couple moons doesn't hurtPluto's case.
April11, 2006: The Hubble Space Telescope findsthat Xena is slightly larger than Pluto. Astronomers now have to make adecision: either Xena and Pluto are both planets or neither is a planet.
August24, 2006: The International Astronomical Unionstrips Pluto of its planetary status. The group says a planet must, among otherthings, have "cleared the neighborhood around its orbit." BecausePluto's orbit overlaps Neptune's, Pluto isout. The celestial body formerly known as the ninth planet will be reclassifiedas a "dwarf planet." |
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