Argument写作入门-开头段第一步：梳理结论、论据

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老师您好！下面是我的三个练习题，希望老师可以批改。

1.
抄写原题
argument 14

The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine.

"A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night."

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

列出结论
if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night

列出论据
- 300 advertising executives took the survey about the average number of hours they sleep per night
- Those firms' executives who reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth.

写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据
The article claims that business owners should hire more employees who need less sleep to make their company develop faster. The author mentions a research that studies 300 advertising executives' sleeping habits, which shows that companies with executives who sleeps less than six hours per day are more successful than others.


2.
抄写原题
argument 1
Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

列出结论
the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean

列出论据
- Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea.
- The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found

写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据
The author of the article states that other villages could also have made the Palean basket, as archeologists found the same kind of basket in the village across the river from Palea. The arguer also denies the possibility that Paleans brought the basket across the river because no boat have found.



3.
抄写原题
6) Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arctic regions. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of the year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the purported decline in deer populations is the result of the deer's being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

列出结论
the purported decline in deer populations is the result of the deer's being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea.

列出论据
- The climate change causes the melt of the ice between the islands, so that deer cannot move over ice from island to island in order to find food.

写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据
According to the author, the decline of Arctic deer population is the consequence of climate change. As the temperature getting higher, the ice between the islands melts, which Arctic deer used to travel across the frozen see to find food.