The lecture questions about the statement in the passage that the person in the portrait is Jane Austen by several reasons.
First of all, the passage uses the evidence that the Austen's family admitted the people in the portrait is the author and gave permission to use the portrait in 1882 to support that it is author's portrait. But the lecture contend that in 1882, Jane Austen have been dead for more than seventy years. None of the Austen's family member actually sees Jane Austen himself. The family's admitting is not convincing.
The passage also shows the evidence that the face in the portrait clearly resembles the one in sketch, which depicts Austen to approve the portrait is depicting Jane Austen. However, lecture argues that Austen's family is large, which means Jane Austen have many family member whose face resembles the one in sketch.
Finally, the passage regards the portrait as a production of Ozias Humphrey. But the lecture point it out that it is not intelligent to judge the portrait's painter only by its style. What's more, one part of the portrait is sold by William Len, who only sold that stuff when Jane Austen was 27 years old.
The lecture argues all the three evidence of passage, and indicts that the depicting people in portrait can not be Jane Austen.
The lecture claims that onlineencyclopedias have more advantages than disadvantage. Simultaneously, itcomprehensively refutes the passage by proving that the tradition encyclopediaslargely result from ignorance and prejudice.
First of all, the lecture points out thatcommunal online encyclopedias can correct the mistakes easily and timely.Contrary to the belief in the passage that the traditional encyclopedias arewritten by experts who fluent in academic rigor have less errors and morevalue, the speaker indicts that errors is existing on all off-line materialsand it might take several decades to revise the incorrect information.
Second, the lecture presents two policiesto protect the accurate and correct entry made by hackers. First is the communalonline encyclopedias set the indisputable entries at a fixed format, and no onecan change these entries. This methods not only can effectively protects thehackers or vandals to fabricate, delete and corrupt information, but also tellsuser where is showing the academic or orthodox information. Second is that theonline encyclopedias hire some special editors to modify the incorrectinformation timely.
Third, the speaker mentions the weakness oftraditional encyclopedias. Since the traditional encyclopedias have limitedspace, the academic group must decide what is put in the treasure page.Therefore the materials in tradition encyclopedia not reflect the majority’sinterest. Nonetheless, the sufficient space for the online resource guaranteesthe variety of its articles which cater the user’s interest.
The professor raises the issue thatdinosaurs were not endotherms. Simultaneously, she completely demonstrates thatthe argument, which is not sufficient to prove dinosaurs were endotherms,mentioned in the passage is largely result from the ignorance and prejudice.
First of all, the speaker mentions thededuction in the passage that only endotherms can be survived in polar religionis questionable. Since ancient polar was warmer than modern polar region. Andduring the season of cold in polar, the dinosaur still could migrant or hibernatingto live. Thus, indeed there are dinosaur fossils in polar region. But it cannotsuccessful illuminate that dinosaur were endotherms.
Second, she claims the leg position andmovement are not necessarily means dinosaur can run. The legs of dinosaur wereunderneath. And this can help dinosaur to support more weight. And its largesize had numerous advantages and not need to run.
Third, the lecture state other evidence tosupport that dinosaur were not endotherms. Dinosaurs grew rapidly when thetemperature was relatively high; and it grew slowly when it was colder. Theseviolate the characteristic of endotherms, which grow rapidly even when outsideis cool.
The professor raises the issue that theportrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet is painted by Rembrandt bygiving three new explanations. Simultaneously, she completely refutes thepassage.
First of all, the professor points out thatthe fore color is added one hundred years after the original picture was made,in order to increase the value of the painting. Due to the change, theinconsistent mentioned in the passage exists.
Secondly, when experts rule out the latterchange, we can see in the original painting the woman is wearing a simple lightcolor, which reflects the light to illuminate the woman's face, not becomespartially shadow. This point illustrates the master skill of Rembrandt just asexpect and successfully explain the error claimed in the reading material.
Finally, the lecture indicts that thepainting was painted on one single panel made of wood. And the wood glued panelis used when add the fore color. In order to make the picture grander and morevaluable, pieces of wood glued panel was necessary. Simultaneously, theprofessor gives other evidence, that the wood in the back of this painting isexactly the same as other Rembrandt's panel wood, to demonstrate it isRembrandt's painting.
The professor in the lecture successfullyraises the issue that negative effect of the team work. Simultaneously, hecompletely demonstrates the advantages of a team mentioned in the readingresult largely from ignorance and prejudice.
To begin with, the lecture mentions thefree-ride existing in the team work. The free-ride people in a team contributeless benefit and struggle, while other team members work hard or come up withinsightful opinion. But the contribution of each team member is not named, eachone are treated equally.
Second, the speaker argues that a groupcannot always work more quickly. The passage indicts that since a group peoplepossess more they will use less time to finish a problems or issues. However,the reading neglects the time used to make every one, or the leaders, to arrivea final decision. The discussion between the team members about how to move theproject sometimes takes numerous time.
The last, the lecture points out twosituations to illustrate the weakness of team-work. Sometimes some members inthe team come up with an excellent idea, but the idea was rejected by the teamleader. And other situation is that the majority in the team agree with areckless solution, while the minority would like to warn others about the risk.But in the end the minority's opinion is ignored. In the end, the result is badand the blame place on all.