超越自我小组8月10日 issue147 argument5讨论区

hermituforestUID: 2354296

新改作业规则后首次作业

提纲：6，10，49，63，122，138，164，177，179

写issue的有：鼠、虎、龙、马、猴、狗
写argument的有：牛、蛇、羊、鸡、猪

互改顺序

鼠-牛狗
牛-鼠猪
虎-猴鸡
龙-马蛇
蛇-龙羊
马-龙羊
羊-马蛇
猴-虎鸡
鸡-猴虎
狗-鼠猪
猪-狗牛

由于实行新规则，现将规则通知如下

新作业安排如下：
1、作业的提交方式，没有变动的按原来的要求
2、每天写作: 每天写一篇文章  issue和argument轮流进行。同一天内一半的同学安排写issue，另一半写argument.这样保证我们每天体会题目的内容相对不变的同时，减轻作业的分量
3、每天的提纲要求不变
4、大家一定要做好自己文章的修改，放在主题贴。
5、每天由组长提出安排，每个人都要修改某个同学的作业1篇。隔天就该篇文章以及其主题进行讨论。修改意见跟在单独开的作业贴后面。
6、对于别人对自己的修改意见，认为有必要的，要在自己作业贴处回帖，并用qq等方式告知修改人
7、请没有写I的同学把I写成提纲；没有写A的同学把A写成提纲，贴在主题帖

参考 寄托同主题写作 https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=496143&extra=page%3D1

[ 本帖最后由 hermituforest 于 2008-8-10 15:41 编辑 ]

hermituforestUID: 2354296

11日共同修改的文章为

http://bbs.gter.ce.cn/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=867987&extra=page%3D1 from羊
请所有组员在上面的帖子后面跟帖进行评价

[ 本帖最后由 hermituforest 于 2008-8-11 11:33 编辑 ]

hyukiezhuUID: 2291070

6 "The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth."
了解当代文化最有效途径是分析其年青人的趋势和潮流。

个体和整体 问题解答
1年轻人更容易接受新事物，同时更张扬，会将他们的喜好宣扬出来，更易形成社会潮流。如：Fashion 基本为年轻人引导。
EG: In fashion week, models’ age tend to be younger and younger from the 60’s of last century.
The Beat Movement(避世派运动) ，Beatniks（避世派），hippy（嬉皮士）都深深影响主流文化，他们都是有“垮掉的一代Beat Generation”的青年人引起的整体社会的思潮current of thought。
Young turmoil

2个体与整体的哲学关系。年轻人是个体不能代表整体。个体之前也是有相互影响的，年轻人也在传统文化中长大，身上也有传统文化的影子。
EG：三岁看到老

3历史等因素也可影响文化。要深刻理解，还是要追溯历史。如：Thanksgiving Day. 最初的美国人，不适应美国环境，受印第安人帮助生存下来。印第安人送来生活必需品，并教会他们如何在这片土地上耕作。第二年获得大丰收，与印第安人共享佳肴。当时常食用的火鸡（turkey）今天成为节日特色。



10        "Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated."
政府必须保证主要城市用于发展的财政支持，因为国家的文化传统发源于并保留在这些主要城市

1主要城市的确应该收到重视：
A当代政治文化经济中心，给钱能发展当代建设
B很多也有很多的历史纪念值得花钱保留，EG：北京的故宫颐和园。
C大城市人多，为了方便群众也应该多投入。

2文化传统发源也发源于小城市或者山村
中国的最大的都市都不是历史最悠久的城市。
EG：边疆的长城既有审美价值有油历史意义，值得花钱

3个体与整体的哲学关系。个体之前也是有相互影响的，这点的理论论证和上题都一样。大小城市之间，文化传统是互相影响的。
A如果要保留为文化，应该整体的保留，而不能分成若干个部分
B大小城市都是传统文化必要的组成部分，单独说大的主要是不对的
C大小城市之间的联系密不可分，不能分开对待
EG：



49 “maginative works such as novels, plays, films, fairy tales, and legends present a more accurate and meaningful picture of human experience than do factual accounts. Because the creators of fiction shape and focus reality rather than report on it literally, their creations have a more lasting significance."
有想象力的作品，比如小说、戏剧、童话和传说向人们展示了过去人们经验的精确且有意义的画面，而现实作品则稍逊。因为小说的作者重点刻画事实，而非文学本身，他们的作品有更深远的意义

完全没想法，抄一个别人的提纲，我觉得写的挺好的
① 许多想象的作品成为文化的基础，并一直流传至今，对人类文明有着深远的影响：神化和传说。古希腊罗马神话，充满想象，对以此为基础并且同样灿烂悠久的西方文明有着深远影响。Ancient Greek and Roman myths, are full of imagination, and become the foundation of the western culture which is also gorgeous and old-line. Furthermore, we can fond the influences of these myths from today’s literature、sculpture、painting、music、and architecture.
②想象的作品能够给人留下更深刻的印象。安徒生童话Andersen is famous for his fairy tales, Ugly Duckling,蕴含在其中的同情心sympathy that it implied the ugly duckling、对于世界的爱the love for the world the little mermaid、对诚实、勇敢的美德的歌颂Emperor’s New Suit.
③Only imaginative works can provide meaning to historical events—through the use of devices设备、策略 such as symbolism象征主义 and metaphor隐喻、暗喻。但丁 Dante 神曲Divine comedy/Divina Commedia, one of the landmarks of world literature. 宣扬了个性解放的思想。基督教精神的最崇高体现，将善与恶视为两极，互不相容。人要靠信仰而活着。神曲本身是一个隐喻，从黑暗的森林，到地狱hell、净界limbo/炼狱purgatory、天堂的过程，代表由懵懂ignorant、挣扎struggle、渴望thirst for到救赎salvation的历程course。但丁希望引导读者反省人性的罪恶meditate the evils of human，思索当时混乱的局势ponder the chaotic situation at that time，并试着提出解决之道bring forward a solution，使人达到幸福之地blest place。
④意大利电影 新现实主义neorealism.产生于二战法西斯统治时期。迈出豪华的片场，到现实生活中去拍片，反映现实生活。对于当时人们“内心苦闷depressed、本能的肉欲natural fleshliness和暴烈的感情irascible sensation”的刻画portray，揭穿了墨索里尼Mussolini所声称的“生活秩序the system of society runs well良好”的谎言.factual works 能把人的内心世界和生活状况描绘出来




63  "To truly understand your own culture -- no matter how you define it -- requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own."
63．为了真正地了解你自己的文化，不管你怎样定义它，你需要了解至少一种其他的文化，并且这种文化和你的文化完全不同。

1只有通过和其他文化的比较，才能发现自己的文化和其他文化的差异，才能真正了解到自己文化的内涵。

2不同文化之间有很多相互影响的地方。世界各国的文化的产生、发展、繁盛和消亡的过程是相关的，了解其他文化，有助于了解本国文化的发展背景。了解其他文化，也可以看到不同文化之间的共性。

3了解的目的是继承和发扬，继承和发痒的过程中必然要通过和其他文化的交流。民族文化可以吸收其他文化的优点，淘汰自己文化中落后的部分。
In an age of globalization, one should learn to tolerate cultural differences.




122  "We owe almost all our knowledge not to people who have agreed, but to people who have disagreed."
几乎所有的知识都归功于和我们意见不同的人，而并非和我们意见一致的人。

1不同的人多lead to innovations and creations
A思维不一样，碰撞impact 产生火花inspirition.
B互补完善，在已有上计入新东西就是发展，突破
C扩宽领域，甚至跨范围的合作

2相同的人更多是go intimately and widespread.
A便于深入研究，共同努力常常会有1+1大于2的结果。
Cooperation of professors in a same area may achieve more fruits than the sum of two single professors’ effort such as one and one are greater than two.
B同样可以完善，在同一个范围里填补空白点compensate the margin。

3都需要。
合作互相启发

apjackUID: 2381599

147. Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them.
传统和现代不相容。人们必须在二者之间做出选择。

Position: I agree that in certain cases the two are mutually exclusive. However, in many circumstances, modernization is compatible with tradition. It is also true that traditions inspire people these days.
A) Architecture is one of the respects that arouse controversy between tradition and modernization.
- Sustaining development of society and changing of mode cause serious dispute nowadays.
-  However, in some cases, old buildings are conserved E.g. Forbidden City, Eiffel, Rome arena, and Notre Dame.
B) In clothing fashion and art, people can find the coexistence of tradition and modernization.
- Fashion: blue jeans
- Art: Chinese calligraphy
C) Designer often looks back to tradition for inspiration.
- Modern buildings, living tool

6. "The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth."
了解当代文化最有效途径是分析其年青人的趋势和潮流。

Position: Disagree. Analysing the trend of a society’s youth is not completely appropriate to understand its contemporary culture.  
A) The trend of a society’s youth merely represents a portion of people of society.
- Japanese culture (e.g. Cartoon and animation, and figure / model)
-
B)  Singer and histrionic performer (idol) primarily contribute to certain respects of contemporary culture.
- Costumes, fashion, and make-up
- Spread the ideal that Women should be slim, and this ideal encourage the trend of slimming.
C)  Generation gap intrinsically leads to different culture groups which constitute in contemporary culture in a society,
-

10. "Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated."
政府必须保证主要城市用于发展的财政支持，因为国家的文化传统大部分发源于并保留在城市中。

Position: Partly consent
A) (Admitted) Financial support on cultural traditions is important for a major city. However, it is not the most crucial respect. Other respects should also consider:
- Economic development (any two)
- Society stability
- Environment and Health care
B) It is true that most major cities behave characteristic and charming, particular in their cultural traditions and relic, and they deserve to preserve.
- Beijing in China (e.g alley, historic architecture, Peking Opera)
- Paris in France
C) Government should selectively uphold the development of nation’s cultural traditions in order to preserve and bequeath to next generations.
- Prosperous culture (e.g. xxx)
- Withering culture (e.g. xxx)

164. "Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes."
想象力有时比经验更有价值。缺乏实际经验的人对可能性有更自由的想象空间，所以能够不受固有的习惯和思维的限制来完成任务。

Position: Disagree with concession.
A) Admittedly, imagination is an important ingredient for successfully approaching a task.
-  Mozart composed great symphonies and performed on stage during his childhood.
- Michael Faraday (Contributed on electromagnetism and electrochemistry)
- or Albert Einstein (Imagination and Relativity)
B) Lack of experience people accomplishes a task difficultly or even becomes visionaries.
- (brainstorming....)
C) However, in order to succeed in a task, imagination is not the only quality, but people also possess other crucial factors.
- Great Inventor, Edison (with creativity, intelligence, willing to try)

hermituforestUID: 2354296

argument5

Becton不一定会被Perkins超原因如下

1、Xenon专利要到期不代表B公司最近几年在其他方面没有新成就，或许他们在别的方面提高很多就会保持优势。
2、Xylan是新药，稳定性还没有大量的临床来证实
3、临床调查的范围没有确定，不能得出结论

apjackUID: 2381599

Your reference about how to write a good argument is quite meaningful.

It is a good idea to cognize those points. And i hope it will be better for later practice.

:loveliness:  Suggest all to read that post!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! :)