1006G SPECTACULAR 备考日记 by tequilawine [无]--最初的梦想绝对会到达

tequilawineUID：2702008

outlier
['aʊtlaɪə(r)]

n.
露宿者; 外露层; 局外人

bash
[bæʃ]

n.
怒殴; 猛击

v.
痛击; 猛攻

rancour  ['ræŋkə]   

n. 深仇，怨恨

=rancor（美）

devastation  [ˌdevəs'teiʃən]

n. 破坏，劫掠

proprietary
D.J.[prə'praiətəri]
K.K.[prə'praɪɪ,tɛri]
adj.
私有的

pact
[pækt]

n.
契约, 条约, 协定

implicit
[im·plic·it || ɪm'plɪsɪt]

adj.
暗示的; 含蓄的; 盲从的

liability
[li·a·bil·i·ty || ‚laɪə'bɪlətɪ]

n.
责任, 倾向, 债务
（有复数形式）

buffer
[buf·fer || 'bʌfə]

n.
缓冲记忆体; 作用的人#缓冲器, 减震器; 起缓冲作用的人

underwrite
['un·der·write || 'ʌndəraɪt]

v.
签名于下, 承诺支付; 经营保险业

dysfunctional  

adj.
不正常的

basket case
n.
〈俚〉(因战争或灾难而造成)四肢不全的人,完全没有希望的人

doom to
注定; 判定

recoup
[re·coup || rɪ'kuːp]

v.
收回; 偿还; 取回; 归还给; 获得补偿; 请求扣除

prophecy
[proph·e·cy || 'prɑfɪsɪ /'prɒ-]

n.
预言, 预言能力

mandatory
['man·da·to·ry || 'mændətɔrɪ]

adj.
命令的; 托管的; 强制的

levy
[lev·y || 'levɪ]

n.
征税, 课税; 征收额; 征兵; 税款

v.
征收; 征集; 强索; 扣押; 征税; 扣押

1 It is bonus season again.
2 Problem solved, then? Unfortunately not.
3 That blanket guarantee is unfair.没有限制的担保是不公平的。
4 Passing the cost of that on to customers could hurt the economy.
5 It is all too easy to pretend that new capital and liquidity buffers will be enough to prevent the need for future bail-outs, but it is unlikely to be the case.
6 Devising a way to impose controlled losses on failed banks’ creditors, and convincing markets that it really will be used next time there is a crisis, will be difficult.

Comments：
On the perspective of future economy, our economists devised some ways to smash in the dilemma, on the bilateral behalf—taxpayers and bankers. All of the quarrel distribute to the bonus season that we know our big guns begin to stuff their pockets full of annual salary, what exactly irks our common tax-payer.



From each, according to his ability, to each, whatever he can get away with. Is that fair? Definitely not. Casting back our minds to finance’s wild-west era, from then on, the pact between banks and countries have changed dramatically, not better, even worse.

Now the blanket guarantee becomes more aggressive with no sense. Not to mention whether the regulators do it right or not, yet, we can foretell several lethal flaws in the impact. On the one hand, that is an utterly inadequate amount comparing the whole several times larger than their economies. On the other, it is also dangerous, as capitalists know, firms with subsidized funding and no risk of failure usually misallocate capital and can be dysfunctional.

It order to avoid that, the Basel Club initiates some action to avert the misleading trajectory. But more should be done. From our author stance, we have to undertake the impending of the finance problems, with two options to utilize, however, we don’t know how efficiency it would be. It’s too easy to pretend that new capital and liquidity buffers will be enough to prevent the need for future bail-outs, but it is unlikely to be the case.

tequilawineUID：2702008

The Basel club is making a decent fist of（试图把事情做的很成功） rewriting its rules on capital and liquidity.
fund a bail-out kitty(共同资金).
a sense of perspective 具有远见的
halfway house 中途歇脚的客栈（引申为暂时喘息的机会）
glorified 美其名曰的
to ring-fence 用栅栏围护的
小灵易碎(轻拿轻放)
The motto "The government is best which governs least" seems to be not applicable in the Subprime Mortage Crisis last year, for it is necessary to exercise the governmental force when the whole nation is trapped in the economics dilemma. 也想说这句话在自己的文章里，可找了好久就是不知道怎么表达。

tequilawineUID：2702008

rebuttal
[re'but·tal || rɪ'bʌtl]

n.
辩驳, 举反证

have it good
〈口〉生活好过[优裕]

complacency  

n.
满足; 安心

in the first place
首先, 从一开始
call it a day
收工
agitate for
v.
鼓动
only to
不料竟会…,没想到会…
invest in
在…上投资, 在…投入(时间、精力等)

scrutiny
[scru·ti·ny || 'skruːtnɪ /-tɪnɪ]

n.
细看, 监视, 仔细检查

strikingly  

adv.
显着地; 突出地; 显目地

vitriolic
[vit·ri·ol·ic || ‚vɪtrɪ'ɑlɪk /-'ɒl-]

adj.
硫酸的, 刻薄的, 象硫酸的

be better off
v.
境况好
rat race
n.
卑鄙的竞争,你死我活的竞争;环形波导

steer
[stɪr /stɪə]

n.
指点, 建议#小公牛; 食用牛; 阉牛

v.
掌舵, 驾驶; 带领; 指导; 操纵; 驾驶, 掌舵; 被驾驶, 驾驶起来; 行驶, 行进

take stock of
v.
估计,观察

allot
[al·lot || ə'lɒt]

v.
分配; 指派; 分配给; 拨出

quibble
[quib·ble || 'kwɪbl]

n.
遁辞, 双关话, 谬论

v.
推托, 说模棱两可的话, 诡辩

self-fulfilment
n.
自我实现,达成自己愿望

nub
[nʌb]

n.
小块, 结节, 瘤

the nub of the debate
single out
挑选predestined
['prɪː'destɪnd]

adj.
注定的

spending power   
(市民)购买力，消费能力，支出能力

innately
[,in'nate·ly || ‚ɪneɪtlɪ]

adv.
天赋地; 固有地; 内在地

raw deal
n.
不公平的待遇
embark on
着手, 开始做某事
take issue with
提出异议

swap
[swɑp /swɒp]

n.
交换; 交换的东西

v.
交换, 交易; 交换; 与...交换; 以...作交换

cheeky
['cheek·y || 'tʃɪːkɪ]

adj.
厚颜的, 无耻的

filch
[fɪltʃ]

v.
偷窃; 窃取

raid
[reɪd]

n.
袭击, 搜捕, 突袭

v.
袭击; 侵吞; 对...突然查抄; 劫掠; 发动突然袭击

sober
[so·ber || 'səʊbə(r)]

v.
使清醒, 使严肃; 醒酒; 变得冷静; 清醒起来; 变得严肃

adj.
清醒的, 节制的, 稳重的

fare
[fer /feə]

n.
费用; 食物; 旅客

v.
进展, 经营, 进步

ridicule
[rid·i·cule || 'rɪdɪkjuːl]

n.
嘲笑, 笑柄, 愚弄

v.
嘲笑, 愚弄, 嘲弄

castrate
[cas·trate || kæ'streɪt]

v.
阉割; 删除; 将去势

for that matter
就那件事而论, 关于那一点

rationale
[ra·tion·ale || ‚ræʃə'næl /-'nɑːl]

n.
基本原理

pester
[pes·ter || 'pestə(r)]

v.
使烦恼, 纠缠

tantamount
[tan·ta·mount || 'tæntəmaʊnt]

adj.
同等的, 相当于...的, 相等的

dwindle
[dwin·dle || 'dwɪndl]

v.
减少, 衰落, 缩小; 使减少; 使缩小

perennial
[per·en·ni·al || pə'renɪəl]

n.
多年生植物

adj.
四季不断的, 继续多年的

be lost on
v.
对…不起作用

patronize (Amer.)
[pa·tron·ize || 'peɪtrənaɪz /'pæt-]

v.
资助, 赞助; 光顾, 惠顾; 庇护; 对...以恩人自居

a vast array of choices

1 Now the debaters have laid out their starting propositions, the arguments are beginning to deepen, with serious questions asked about what success means and what it means to say that women have never had it so good.
2 This complacency implies that women should call it a day rather than continue to agitate for a better deal.
3 They invest in their educations only to drop out of full-time work when they have children.
4 He believes that there is no doubt that women in the developed world are better off now than they have ever been.
5 His point is that women should not be prisoners of a calculus that has them constantly competing with men for quantitative equality: they need to stop for a moment, celebrate their achievements and then ask some deeper questions about where they want out of their lives.
6 It is also a suggestion that you should be happy with where you are.
7 The fact that women have conflicting choices—particularly over whether they should find fulfilment in motherhood or careers—is creating a great deal of angst. And in trying to do both things many women are bearing a burden that their mothers were spared免去的.
8 The problem with steering the debate in another direction, however much we may sympathise with the arguments and frustrations in doing so, is that it avoids discussion of the specific motion.
9 If we had been invited to discuss the plight of people—not just women—in the developing world, we would have needed far more than the space allotted here.
10 The debate, I should add, is not seeking to determine whether women are better off than men in the workplace.
11 Today all that has changed.
12 For all the talk of growth economies, of productivity, of richer nations enjoying greater spending power than less successful neighbours, the end game of humanity is not a fistful of dollars but about relative happiness and contentment over a lifetime. Women play a unique role in that equation, always have, always will.
13 Care in the family need not be like that, but valuing everything in monetary terms has diminished humanity, importing elements of the production line to birth, life and death.
14 Everybody today seems to be in such a terrible rush, anxious for greater developments and greater riches and so on, so that children have very little time for their parents. Parents have very little time for each other, and in the home begins the disruption of peace of the world。
15 表示不同意的用法
But I take issue with several of his specific arguments as well as his larger theme.
16 These assessments might seem slight, but they contribute to women not being taken seriously in the workplace, in all industries and at all levels.、
17 A woman who is a lesbian, and/or a woman of colour, not to mention a woman with a disability, faces challenges that have yet to be fully dismantled.
18 Yes, it is entirely possible for a society to make a number of options legally available to all, while these opportunities remain effectively out of reach for many.
19 I can think of no better example than women's fundamental right to abortion.
20 Additionally, women's right to abortion care is a perennial political football to be put into play during critical negotiations, such as the recent health-care reform debate in the United States.
21 That it is a right only women can exercise should not be lost on us.


Comment:
This dispute has gone off to an excellent start. Bilateral stances are compelling, convincing and comprehensive, without any jabbering of their attitudes, I should say, that is exactly what arouse my curiosity to dig into more about the issue focusing on woman evolving situation.

Does it really has it good than before, or ever? I don’t know, for both of them have articulated the fallacies of each other. But what I know is that, we both admit that we have got some slight progress in the working area, without taking into other factors that will make the process of assumption more complex. Yes, admitting to considering it unilaterally, it’s also leading a clue obvious and foolproof that on the other hand, we still have a long to run, much worse, may be aggravating than what they do before.

So don’t you think it is a little tricky, I mean, at the exact moment to wage such a moment, what is the true purpose of that? Definitely not simple as we thought. Maybe woman rights are second to political diplomatics, as we all know, additionally, woman rights to abortion care is a perennial political football to put into at the moment of counterplaying each other in case of negotiation failure.

Maybe we just skip that now and put much more attention the topic we were guided. Being absent from judging which one is right, let’s deepen the theme either in a horizontal or vertical spectrum, in other words, see it by the whole without interwining with some annoying trivia. The answer is simple, woman has rocked the world. As the growing of self-fulfilment, not only woman but also man commence to focus on their achievement. That means we live no longer in the society that only fed up by animal innate but also have higher spiritual goal.

Excellant   excellent
Aggivitate   aggravate
Inatation      innate

tequilawineUID：2702008

plateau  ['plætəu;plæ'təu]

n. 高原;平稳;稳定状态

vi. 到达平稳阶段

heap
[hɪːp]

n.
堆, 累积, 许多

v.
堆积, 装满

entice
[en·tice || ɪn'taɪs]

v.
诱骗, 怂恿, 引诱

gorge
[gɔrdʒ /gɔːdʒ]

n.
峡谷, 咽喉, 饱食

v.
塞饱; 狼吞虎咽

unorthodox  ['ʌn'ɔ:θədɔks;ʌn'ɔ:θəˌdɔks]   

adj. 非正统的，异端的

toil
[tɔɪl]

n.
辛苦, 劳累; 难事; 苦工#罗网, 圈套

v.
苦干; 费力地做; 跋涉

for days on end [简明英汉词典]

一连好几天

okra
['əʊkrə]

n.
秋葵, 秋葵荚

obesity
[əʊ'bɪːsətɪ]

n.
肥胖; 肥大

girth
[gɜrθ /gɜːθ]

n.
腰身, 肚带, 周长

rack up [简明英汉词典]

v.获胜, 击倒

each obese American racks up medical bills 42% higher than an American of normal weight

up in the air [简明英汉词典]

adv.悬而未决

throws Barack Obama’s health reforms up in the air

treble
[tre·ble || 'trebl]

v.
使增为三倍; 变成三倍

adj.
三倍的, 三重的; 唱最高声部的; 最高声部的; 高音的, 尖声的

spadework  ['speidwə:k;'speidˌwə:k]   

n. 挖掘的工作，费力气的基础工作，基本研究

vice
[vaɪs]

n.
恶习; 坏脾气; 恶行

prep.
恶习; 坏脾气; 恶行

vigorously  ['vigərəsli]

adv. 有力地，健壮地，精力旺盛地

barrage
[bar·rage || 'bærɑːʒ]

n.
弹幕, 掩护炮火#拦河坝; 阻塞; 堰

v.
以密集火力攻击

propaganda
[prop·a·gan·da || ‚prɑpə'gændə /‚prɒ-]

n.
宣传, 宣传机关, 宣传活动

wholesome
[whole·some || 'həʊlsəm]

adj.
有益健康的, 健全的, 合乎卫生的

guzzle
[guz·zle || 'gʌzl]

v.
牛饮; 暴食

1 Unsurprisingly, this book is not publicly available: amateur photos of heaps of junk food are hardly an enticing advertisement for a firm that supplies the stuff.
2 The fast-food fans in the book typically lead chaotic lives. They often toil long, irregular hours for not much money. They grab food when they can, skipping many meals and gorging at unorthodox times. They favour whatever is quick, convenient and comforting.
3 Could it be that the American obesity epidemic has reached a plateau?
4 If the national girth really has stopped expanding, that would be a blessing, though of course it is a big fall in obesity that is really required.
5 Plausible theories abound.
6 As people grow richer, food becomes relatively cheaper. Time grows more precious: hence the lure of fast food.
7 All this is no doubt true, but it does not explain why Americans are fatter than people in other rich countries, nor why they appear to have stopped getting fatter.
8 A recent proposal to tax sugary drinks, for example, went nowhere. Opponents argued that it would disproportionately affect the poor. True enough, but the poor are disproportionately likely to be overweight.

From the conducted survey, the unavoidable truth comes out, harassing both of us numb nerves about our health diet. Yes, we need to be conscious about our pathological diet diagram. It is tough task. Cause we know that on basis of this survey, we reckon that most Americans incline to indulge in junk food.

As a result of that, the obesity in our country are becoming more and more serious, that means some day maybe we even can not find a person who is fit, at the mean time, it will also put much more pressure on society such as health insurance and so forth. It seems like Americans are most likely to be overweight than to pay federal income tax. The situation is stringent, without any doubt if we don't take action to deal with that, the day will come true as soon as far beyond our imagination.

However, here comes good news. The nation may stopped getting fatter. If the national girth really has stopped expanding, that would be a blessing, though of course it is a big fall in obesity that is really required. Ironically, we still can not find a reasonable explanation of this phenomenon which lead to this decline in getting weight, in addition, we are ignorant of why America's obesity has trebled since 1960. Plausible theories abound.

Hopefully, we initiate our movements to encourage people to keep fit with some efforts which includes form both customers and merchants, on the other hand, some politicians still play some diplomatic conspiracy to meet their voters' need on the expense of our health.

The efficient and effective method comes from collaborative exertion. So what we need to do now is to stop messy chaos.

phenomen
phenomenon
domestic
diplomatic
conspire

conspiracy

tequilawineUID：2702008

forceps
[for·ceps || 'fɔrseps /'fɔːseps]

n.
镊子, 钳子状器官, 钳子

gusto
[gus·to || 'gʌstəʊ]

n.
爱好, 由衷的高兴, 嗜好

in fits and starts
一阵一阵地
at long last
1 终于
2 经过很多苦恼或麻烦之后

herald
[her·ald || 'herəld]

n.
使者; 通报者; 传令官

v.
预报; 传达; 宣布

bear on
1 靠在…上, 压在…上
2 对…产生影响; 与…有关
those tools are about to be brought to bear on biology too

well founded  

有根据的, 有理由的

hidebound  

adj.
思想偏狭顽固的, 迂腐的, 保守的

leapfrog  

n.
跳蛙游戏, 跳背游戏

v.
跃过; 跳背; 交替前进
backlash  

n.
反冲, 反撞; 强烈反对; 强烈反应; 后座力

paternalistic
[pə'tɜrnə'lɪstɪk /-'tɜːn-]

adj.
家长作风的; 温和之专制主义的

untenable  

adj.
防守不住的, 不能维持的, 站不住脚的

1 In modern times medicine has been transformed by waves of一波波 discovery that have brought marvels like antibiotics, vaccines and heart stents.
2 Given its history of innovation, the health-care sector has been surprisingly reluctant to embrace information technology (IT). Whereas every other big industry has computerised with gusto since the 1980s, doctors in most parts of the world still work mainly with pen and paper.
3 But now, in fits and starts, medicine is at long last catching up.
4 As this special report will explain, it is likely to be transformed by the introduction of electronic health records that can be turned into searchable medical databases, providing a “smart grid” for medicine that will not only improve clinical practice but also help to revive drugs research.
5 Now the industry is convinced that a third revolution is under way: the convergence of biology and engineering.
6 it’s the transformation of biology into an information science from a discovery science.
7 But the chances are that this will take time, and turn out to be more of a reformation than a revolution.
8 And given soaring health-care costs, insurers and health systems may not want to adopt new technologies unless inventors can show conclusively that they will produce better outcomes and offer value for money.
9 If these obstacles can be overcome, then the biggest winner will be the patient.


Comments
Medicine goes digital, as the title said, it’s time for us to go through the innovation of medicine into an information science from a discovery science. Dating back to history of the field, we can see several important revolutions happening during some particular time, such as the first surgery of Egyptian, the first use of forceps and surgical needles by Romans, discovery of antibiotics and so forth.

Finally, in fits and starts, medicine is at long last catching up with our computerized mutation. It delights our hopeful prospects of this convergence, with confidence that it will allow us to have more access to our patients and research.

Actually, it is obviously that we have seen some new technologies penetrating into our some aspects of medicine. The consequence of all these are optimistic, in other words, it has bring us into some new areas we never explore. For instance, nanotechnology promises us to scope our research in a microcosmic sight.

Some arbiters’ assertions confirm us what the trend is pending. The innovation is unavoidable. If we don’t stare it in the face, then just leave behind by it. The outcome of integration of them will solve our universal controversial situation between rich and poor countries, at the same time, just as important, it can make information available for patients too, which means that they can take better care of themselves before it is emergent to go to hospital, in consequence, the lower cost both for patients and our governmental insurance.

However, the chances are that it will be more of a reformation than a revolution, which will mislead our orient desire. We need to fix the obstacles, no matter how hard it will be, we have no choice or odds to gain our glorious tomorrow without any effort of today.

Peticular
particular
Arbituary
arbiter
controvecial
controversial
ergent

emergent

tequilawineUID：2702008

evaluate
[e·val·u·ate || ɪ'væljʊeɪt]

v.
评估, 赋值, 评价

delve into
钻研,深入研究
reify  
D.J.['ri:i,fai]
K.K.['riə,faɪ, 're-]
vt.
使具体化

chasm
['kæzəm]

n.
深坑; 裂口

defy
[de·fy || dɪ'faɪ]

v.
藐视, 使落空, 挑衅

revere
[re·vere || rɪ'ver /rɪ'vɪə]

v.
崇敬, 尊敬, 敬畏

deceit
[de·ceit || dɪ'siːt]

n.
欺骗; 谎言

haunt
[hɔːnt]

n.
常去的地方; 巢穴; 栖息地

v.
常到, 萦绕于, 出没于; 出没, 作祟

indigenous
[in·dig·e·nous || ɪn'dɪdʒɪnəs]

adj.
土产的; 本地的; 土着的; 生而俱有的, 内在的, 固有的

luminescent
[lu·mi·nes·cent || ‚luːmɪ'nesnt]

adj.
发冷光的; 发光的

mist
[mɪst]

n.
薄雾, 霭; 水气; 雾状物; 喷雾

v.
下雾, 被蒙上薄雾; 变得模糊; 使蒙上薄雾; 使模糊

come about
1 发生
2 改变方向

ponder
[pon·der || 'pɑndə(r) /'pɒ-]

v.
仔细考虑; 反思, 回想; 衡量; 沈思, 默想; 仔细考虑

induce
[in·duce || ɪn'duːs /-'dju-]

v.
劝诱; 导致; 促使

reconvene
['rɪːkən'vɪːn]

v.
重新召集

1 The difference between; reality and fantasy, an accurate representation of what is, and a brilliant orchestration of the mind, can often become blurred with the paintbrush of an artist.
2 One can often become lost in art, in a never ending series of inquiries as to how such a sculpture or painting could be physically possible.
3 Or, the people indigenous to North America performing dances in attempt to cause rain, and perhaps an occasional rainfall to follow, only连词 serves to upset the theories of natural science.
4 This art form still is only a means to upset what natural science has supported extensively (e.g. that rain comes from processes that occur naturally and randomly). Confusion still comes about when the meteorology and earth sciences tell us that performing a dance has nothing to do with a rainstorm coming about.
5 It is difficult to conceive how the various parts can fit together as a real three-dimensional object, and yet it exists in the art of humanity.
6 It is this kind of art that reassures people of a reality, that she was not an overwhelmingly attractive female, or that war was a place of sorrow and death, not victory and triumph.
7 Braque does indeed show us how art can truly be upsetting, while leaving the reassurance to a reliable natural given that we find in science.

Comment
As science comes from objective, whereas art roots in subjective. There are certain areas knowledge that only serve to reify our reality, saving us from delving into the fantastic chasm of questions arising from art. This specific area is of course science.
But I think without the upsetting art, we seldom can gain the ambition to explore the new and unexploited field. As we all know, nowadays we don’t believe what we acquaint from the artistic things, however, it instills in our thoughts some imagination that we will never gain in our reality world.

tequilawineUID：2702008

blackout  

n.
灯火管制, 灯火熄灭, 暂时的意识丧失

commentator  

n.
时事评论者; 注释者, 评注者; 实况播音员'com·men·ta·tor || 'kɑmənteɪtər /'kɒmənteɪtə

in the offing [简明英汉词典]
在海面
在附近
即将发生的

benign
[be·nign || bɪ'naɪn]

adj.
仁慈的; 良性的; 亲切的; 有利的

in need [简明英汉词典]
在危难中, 在危急中
in the back of [简明英汉词典]
[美口] 在...背后
支持, 主使

transpire
[tran·spire || træn'spaɪə(r)]

v.
使蒸发, 使排出; 蒸发, 泄露, 发散

perverse
[per·verse || pər'vɜrs /pə'vɜːs]

adj.
乖张的, 错误的, 倔强的

hail from [简明英汉词典]
v.来自

segregation
[seg·re·ga·tion || ‚segrɪ'geɪʃn]

n.
隔离; 分离; 分开; 种族隔离

regiment
[reg·i·ment || 'redʒɪmənt]

n.
团; 大量; 大群

v.
把...编成团; 严密管制, 严格控制

totalitarian
[to·tal·i·tar·i·an || ‚təʊtælɪ'terɪən /-'teər-]

n.
极权主义者

adj.
极权主义的

one-size-fits-all 一刀切

heed
[hɪːd]

n.
注意, 留心

v.
留心, 注意

1 Indeed, there might be, after decades and decades of sliding toward broader and broader scope for government authority in our lives, some retreat of state power in the offing.
2 And one plausible spin would be to declare that corporations are no different from rouge states, in need, therefore, of the heavy hand of benign government regulators.谁会翻译呀？
3 It is that when the state does gain widespread intrusive legal authority in the lives of the citizenry, the citizenry will begin to be guided not by its moral conscience and common sense but by the sole consideration of whether what people are doing is OK with the law-makers.什么局势
4 But the problem extends farther than business.
5 Some corporations, for example, declare up front that they are not interested in business ethics -- which they take to vary from culture to culture -- but only in the law.
6 When activities are carried out or supervised by the legal authorities, the principle that no special favors must be extended is the rule. Under the law, everyone must be treated the same, without regard to不考虑 religion, color, national origin, and other special attributes. It is this idea that animates the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and, indeed, the rule of law itself.
The reasoning behind this is rather straightforward. The law governs us all as human beings who live in human communities. So, it is only our common humanity that must come into play as far as the law is concerned, nothing special about us. If one must not kill, assault, kidnap or rob others, that applies simply by virtue of being human not because one hails from Japan or has dark skin pigmentation. That is one reason why segregation, dictated by the laws of various Southern states, was so clearly unjust.
7 If now government tries to apply its principles of equal protection under the law to all the different areas of human activity that can arise in a highly diverse society, the task will be impossible and nearly totalitarian.
8 But if its programs are carried out for the general public, it could become concerned about whether to conform to the spirit if not the letter of the law. It may not have to but it may still consider it politically prudent to do this.怎么翻译？
9 But there is a conflict between this unexceptional idea and the widening of the scope of government power. When we get away from the simple negative principles of a just human community -- don't kill, don't assault, don't rob, don't rape and such, meaning, basically, that we should all live together peacefully -- and start regimenting the details of human life, people are no longer similar at all, quite the contrary. Maybe some should and some should not smoke. Maybe some should and some should not go to church. Maybe some should and others should not paint certain kinds of pictures or play certain sports or purchase SUVs or talk with the animals.
Only at some very basic level are we all -- or virtually all of us -- alike. We become differentiated rather quickly as it concerns the details of our lives -- some are parents, some teachers, some tall, some women, some young, some athletes, some Roman Catholics, some Jews, some Moonies and some even agnostics or atheists.
10 A society where laws have become the answer to all human problems, laws get completely confusing and many people begin to be concerned with nothing other than avoiding violating the law. Such a society is very likely to see ethics and morality slowly but surely recede from its midst.
Comment
Pretty good is it, right? Obviously it showed us profoundly how severe it will be if we still let governmental rights go unchecked.
As the author concerned, we acquaint, on the basis of these stances, growing of widespread governmental intrusive legal authority in the lives of citizenry, the citizenry will begin to be guided not by its moral conscience and common sense but by the sole consideration of whether what people are doing is OK with the law-makers.
It’s ridiculous, but indeed, it is true and unforgivable. Under the law, we can fulfill our basic human morality without considering the specific individuals, which also is the foundation of the law—equal to everyone without extend favors. Then confliction resides in between this unexceptional idea and the widening of the scope of the government power.

tequilawineUID：2702008

commencement
[com'mence·ment || -mənt]

n.
开始, 毕业典礼

pedantic
[pe·dan·tic || pɪ'dæntɪk]

adj.
卖弄学问的; 学究式的, 迂腐的

address
[ad·dress || ə'dres]

n.
演讲; 地址; 致辞

v.
演说; 向...致辞; 写姓名地址

recitation
[rec·i·ta·tion || ‚resɪ'teɪʃn]

n.
朗诵; 叙述; 背诵

ode
[əʊd]

n.
颂诗, 赋

indestructible
[in·de·struct·i·ble || ‚ɪndɪ'strʌktəbl]

adj.
不能破坏的; 不可毁灭的

thus far
迄今

sluggard
[slug·gard || 'slʌgə(r)d]

n.
偷懒者, 游手好闲的人, 懒鬼

draw to a close
v.
渐近结束

sere
[sɪr /sɪə]

adj.
干枯的; 枯萎的

zenith
[ze·nith || 'zɪːnɪθ /'zen-]

n.
顶点, 天顶, 顶峰

biography
[bi'og·ra·phy || -fɪ]

n.
传记

fable
[fa·ble || 'feɪbl]

n.
寓言; 谎言; 神话

doctrine
[doc·trine || 'dɒktrɪn]

n.
教条; 学说

sublime  [sə'blaim]                           

adj. 高尚的，壮观的，卓越的

vt. 提高，变高尚，升华

n. 顶峰，高尚

multitude
[mul·ti·tude || 'mʌltɪtjuːd]

n.
多数, 群众

subdivide
[,sub·di'vide || ‚sʌbdɪ'vaɪd]

v.
把...再分, 把...细分; 把分成几块出售; 再分, 细分

scarcely ever
几乎从不

solicit
[so·lic·it || sə'lɪsɪt]

v.
请求; 乞求; 恳求; 征求

refractory
[re'frac·to·ry || rɪ'fræktrɪ]

adj.
执拗的; 难治的; 有抵抗力的; 耐火的

grope
[grəʊp]

v.
触摸; 探索, 探求; 暗中摸; 摸索; 抚摸...的身体

inscribe
[in·scribe || ɪn'skraɪb]

v.
刻; 题写; 雕; 印

tyrant
[ty·rant || 'taɪərənt]

n.
暴君; 暴君似的人; 专制君主; 专横的人

dogma
[dog·ma || 'dɒgmə]

n.
教条

seer
[se·er || 'sɪːə(r)]

n.
观看者; 占卜者; 预言家,

laborious
[la·bo·ri·ous || lə'bɔːrɪəs]

adj.
费力的, 吃力的; 牵强的; 勤勉的; 生硬的

in like manner
adv.
同样地

countervail
[coun·ter·vail || 'kaʊntəveɪl]

v.
补偿; 抵销; 对抗; 抵消

1 In this hope I accept the topic which not onlyusage, but the nature of our association, seem to prescribe to this day—the AMERICAN SCHOLAR.
2 But, unfortunately, this original unit, this fountain of power, has been so distributed to multitudes,has been so minutely subdivided and peddled out, thatit is spilled into drops and cannot be gathered.
3 The state of society is one in which the members have suffered amputation from the trunk, and strut about so many walking monsters—a goodfinger, a neck, a stomach, an elbow, but never a man.
4 The tradesman scarcely ever gives an ideal worth to his work, but is ridden by the routine of his craft, and the soul issubject to dollars.
5 But the old oracle said, “Allthings have two handles: beware of the wrong one.” Inlife, too often the scholar errs with mankind and forfeits his privilege.
6 Every day, the sun; and, after sunset, Night and her stars. Everthe winds blow; ever the grass grows. Every day, men and women, conversing,beholding and beholden.
7 As no air-pump can by any means make a perfect vacuum, so neither can any artistentirely exclude the conventional, the local, the perishable from his book, or write a book of pure thought that shall beas efficient in all respects to a remote posterity, as tocontemporaries, or rather to the second age。
8 They pin me down. They look backward and notforward. But genius looks forward; the eyesof man are set in his forehead, not in his hindhead; man hopes; genius creates.
9 Books are for the scholar‘s idle times. When we can read Goddirectly, the hour is too precious to be wasted in other men’s transcripts oftheir readings.

Comment:
This verse prose is really a zenith for me, exhausted my long timeto digest it. However I can not naysay that its spectacular sentences, fluentand natural style impressed me deeply. Let alone the abstruse theme in essay, Iincline to learn more about its humorous and compelling illustration of hisstandpoint.

Anyway since it is just a piece of the oriental passage, then wecan grasp some ideas not totally confining to the headline, which means it hasnothing to do with the morality and religion.

As we were minutely subdivided and peddled out, that it is spilledinto drops and cannot be gathered, the truly thinker hardly exist nowadays. Butwe still have to exert to make it come true. That means we need to follow thetwo points that shall be figured out before we accept our destiny.

Spectaculor spectacular

tequilawineUID：2702008

stark
[stɑrk /stɑːk]

adj.
僵硬的, 僵直的; 刻板的; 严格的; 赤裸裸的

adv.
明显地; 完全地, 十足地; 突出地

transatlantic
[trans·at·lan·tic || ‚trænzət'læntɪk]

adj.
横渡大西洋的, 美国的, 大西洋那边的

scrape  [skreip]  

n. 刮掉，擦掉，刮擦声

v. 刮掉，擦掉

poverty-stricken   

adj. 非常贫穷的

slacker
['slack·er || 'slækə(r)]

n.
懒惰虫, 逃避兵役者, 敷衍取巧者

conjure
[con·jure || kən'dʒʊə]

v.
祈求; 恳求; 变戏法; 施魔法

conjure up [简明英汉词典]
v.用魔法召

trudge
[trʌdʒ]

v.
沈重地走, 蹒跚地走

splash out [简明英汉词典]
[口]随意花钱, 大肆挥霍
way back [简明英汉词典]
老早就,很久以前
in a nutshell [简明英汉词典]
简单地, 简约地

snoop
[snuːp]

n.
到处窥视, 私家侦探, 爱管闲事的人

v.
探听, 偷窃, 调查

diminishing returns [简明英汉词典]
收益递减

exodus
[ex·o·dus || 'eksədəs]

n.
大批的离去; 出埃及

congested
[con'gest·ed || -tɪd]

adj.
拥挤的

resolution
[res·o·lu·tion || ‚rezə'luːʃn]

n.
决心; 正式决定, 决议; 决定; 分解, 解析

coronary
[cor·o·nar·y || 'kɒrənərɪ]

n.
冠状动脉; 冠状静脉

adj.
冠的; 冠状的; 花冠的

furlough
[fur·lough || 'fɜrləʊ /'fɜːl-]

n.
休假, 暂时解雇, 放假

v.
准假; 暂时解雇

think-tank  

n. 智囊团

crude
[kruːd]

adj.
天然的, 粗糙的, 未成熟的

1 By the end of last century, Europe's workers could almost match America's in how much they produced in their factories or at their desks.
2 This question lies at the heart of our present debate.
3 In Europe six or seven weeks a year away from work is the norm, once public holidays are included. Americans, by contrast, are lucky if they can scrape four weeks vacation together.
4 So are Europeans poverty-stricken slackers or are they simply wise enough to enjoy the fruits of their labour as leisure time? 疑问句的选择
5 To engage in this debate in December 2009 requires that we play a fantasy game.
6 Excessively long vacations are only the tip of the iceberg. 冰山一角
7 Long European holidays constitute just one of the five reasons why annual hours of work per person in Europe are so short.
8 Those in Europe who have jobs not only work fewer weeks per year due to long vacation, but they work fewer hours per week when they are not on vacation. Forcing employees to work shorter hours as a way to create jobs is known as the "lump of labour fallacy" and dates back to Herbert Hoover.
9 The big advantage of Europe from its own perspective is that, generally speaking, it takes its five-week vacations all at once. The big horror of Europe from an American perspective is that it takes its five-week vacations all at once.
10 Worse yet, they are there for four or five weeks.
11 In some European countries, families are plagued with children who just won’t grow up, especially in Italy where the typical 30-year-old male lives at home with mama and expects free food and laundry.
12 Let us start with health.
13 I must say that when I first read this resolution I thought there was some mistake, that the real resolution must be: "This house believes that Americans get too little holiday time."
14 After all, I get five weeks off and I can come to this beautiful place and it's not even that crowded because the Americans are all chained to their bloody desks.
15 Indeed, men who do not take regular vacations are some 32% more likely to suffer heart attacks than those who do, while for women the figure is even higher, at 50%.
16 All together, these infirmities account for a lion’s share of the enormous health-care costs borne by Americans.
17 that the shorter working hours associated with recessions regularly lead to health improvements, while periods of rapid economic growth are associated with poorer health outcomes.
18 Researchers have documented the degree to which many of children's strongest memories are of their vacations with their families.
19 Those who oppose long European vacations often do so in the name of 以。。。的名义greater economic growth.
20 They are right in not wanting to sacrifice these non-material joys for the stuff extra hours of work can buy.

tequilawineUID：2702008

Suspicion arises between the long holidayand prosperous economic, when we compare the system that operates in European withwhat is operated in USA, generally speaking, we can assure that the differencebetween them make a difference indeed, however, only on the basis of thispoint, it is not sufficient to conclude any arbitrary assumption. That meanswhat we ought to do is not only focus on this mere aspect of two things thatalso have many other contradictions each other, even in the same manner stillexists some nuances.

Let us start with the proposer’s attitudefirst. To document his proposal, he assume that we ignore all the differencebetween them and treat the EU as a single country, obviously it is , the fatalfallacy also emerge with the ideal condition. To pursue the truth of short workhours, author elicits five reasons why annual hours of work per person in Europeare so short. Of course, as we mentioned before, the long vocation consists oneof the total five, whereas, the other four include lumpof work fallacy aiming to create more jobs in the market, high or normal rateof unemployment, low labor force participation, and last coming from earlyretirement which seems ridiculous for the sense of author.

However, allow me to rebut on my littleside opinion. At the beginning, even we agree with the assumption and in thelight of it, we still linger in the circle circumstance delving into one aspectexcept considering others at the same time in a narrow view.



Arbitary arbitrary
Persue pursue
Conclude include
circustunce circumstance

tequilawineUID：2702008

drip with
充满; 盖满

declension
[de·clen·sion || dɪ'klenʃn]

n.

词尾变化; 倾斜; 格变化

morphology

[mor·phol·o·gy || mɔr'fɑlədʒɪ /mɔː'fɒ-]

n.

形态学; 形态论; 词态学

suffix

[suf·fix || 'sʌfɪks]

n.

字尾; 添标; 下标

v.

加...作字尾

prefix

[pre·fix || ‚prɪ'fɪks]

n.

字首

v.

加...作为字首; 把...放在前头

rationale

[ra·tion·ale || ‚ræʃə'næl/-'nɑːl]

n.

基本原理

1 Many features ofgrammar are, in linguistic terms,“overspecified”—meaning redundant.
2 So, the theorygoes, as adults learn languages, with abilitiesthat have withered compared to children’s native acquisition, the dispensablebits are dispensed with.
3 This leaves the question of why languages wouldbecome complex atall. Dr Lupyan and Dr Dale offer several hypotheses. One involves
Analternative hypothesis is that
A finalpossibility is simply that 很好的列举方式。

The shortness essay impressedme deeply through pithy and poignant words it presents and well supported itoffered. Sprawling the straightforward opening debate on language, we acquirethat what we speak now also involve in evolving. Sound interesting, right? Yes,author intrigues us to follow his step into a world totally unfamiliar for usfilled with new ideas.

Language simply divided into two kinds, the formercategory that is drip with verb endings and declensions tends to include languagesspoken by small groups in isolated settings, whereas, that latter include suchlanguages as English and Mandarin.

So why does this happen? Our scholars continued toexplore the inner reason bringing us along with them. Here comes the firsthypothesis if languages simplify as they spread. To figure it out, let’s take alook at English as an example. So, the theory goes, as adults learn languages,with abilities that have withered compared to children’s native acquisition,the dispensable bits are dispensed with, that means, language gets easier asthey goes widespread.

While some divarication stills exist, since we haven’ttaken many other factors into account, such as social influence and simply selfevolving for simple. To proffer our clarification, revealing more solidevidence is requisite. Then we survey all the language still live nowadays, andcorrelations between them and all the possible aspects that may be efficient inaffecting utilizing of language, with the conclusion that big, spreadinglanguages have fewer of these features.

After finishing our illustration, we may reverseour direction and turn to the root question leaving for us why languages wouldbecome complex at all. Two potential reasons consist of it, one involves thedifferent needs of child and adult learner, another hypothesis is that complexmorphology improves economy and clarity of expression.

Dispensible
dispensable

tequilawineUID：2702008

innovate
[in·no·vate || 'ɪnəʊveɪt]

v.
创立, 引人, 创始; 改变, 更动; 改革; 创新

interface  

n.
界面, 分界面; 接口; 接合部; 连系装置

dream up
想起, 想象出(不寻常的事物); 凭空设想
to be sure
无可否认, 诚然
obsolete
D.J.['ɔbsəli:t]  
K.K.[,ɑbsə'lit,'ɑbsə,lit]
adj.
已不用的; 已废弃的; 过时的

blunder
[blun·der || 'blʌndə]

n.
大错; 失误

v.
失策, 犯错, 绊倒; 做错, 办错; 笨拙地说出

virtuous
[vir·tu·ous || 'vɜrtʃʊəs /'vɜː-]

adj.
善良的, 贞洁的, 有道德的

tidal
[tid·al || 'taɪdl]

adj.
潮汐的; 受潮汐影响的; 有潮的; 依据潮汐涨落而定班次的

1 Watching this new market unfold is a bitlike seeing one of those movies where they've taken anold classic and remade it with new stars but thesame script.
2 Now, as then,a new ecosystem is arising, with disruptive technologycreating new powerhouses and threatening the survival of market leaders.
3 Cut to themobile phone market, today.退一步说
4 The question is, will Apple do with theiPhone what it did with the Mac? Will it leapout to a technological lead and then find a way to clutch defeat from the jaws of victory? Or has Apple learned from its previous experience and figured out away to turn its superior design and wonderful technology into marketdomination?
5 The more apps the software guys created,the more appealing Windows became, so it was aself-reinforcing phenomenon, a virtuous circle.
6 niche player：a company holding aspecialized and profitable part of a commercial market
Groundhog Day:土拨鼠日。比喻：指糟糕的事情循环发生的情况。
comment:
Indeed，I dare notsay to totally agree with author’s attitude, assaulting CEO Steven personalability on ground that his has some kind of freak controlling ambition. The companyhas its own concept of operation, which does not mutate by individuals, as weknow, we only can understand that the mainstream of customers the company aimsat are not most of people, that means, they don’t care so much about thepercent of market share, on the contrast, most company muscle in on this.

There are also some other alternative options thatare reasonable. Maybe at first, they just want to monopoly this technologywithout considering the real circumstance at that era, when all the world arecrazy about computerization, and to set back this irresistible trend just bymere one power seems a little bit presumptuous. The other one relies on that theyare perfectionists, chasing for the flawless one, but they just forget,business is just business, not research, you can not strict yourself and makethe world wait for you.

tequilawineUID：2702008

Ensue

part of speech: vi
English: Issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end; "result in tragedy".
Chinese: 接着发生，接踵而来

context(This word is utilized to describe):
Eventuality
Posteriority
Sequence

Example:

1.If too many endothelial cells are destroyed, corneal edema and blindness ensue, with corneal transplantation the only available therapy.

2.Testing is of benefit only if there is access to the necessary comprehensive health services and resources that ensue from case/carrier detection.

3.Sales of mining equipment and machinery will ensue thereafter, especially for the exploration and on-site processing of mining deposits.

4.Once the formalities and pleasantries are dispensed with, substantive discussion can ensue.


Inculcate

part of speech: vt
English: Teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions.
Chinese: 竭力主张，极力灌输

context(This word is utilized to describe):
Teaching


Example:

1.Let us extricate our country from the dangers which surround it and learn wisdom from the lessons they inculcate.

2.Even in primary schools, children are inculcated with the admiration of scientific bias.

Ample

part of speech: adj
English:
1. More than enough in size or scope or capacity; "had ample food for the party"; "an ample supply".
2. Affording an abundant supply; "had ample food for the party"; "copious provisions"; "food is plentiful"; "a plenteous grape harvest"; "a rich supply".
3. Fairly large; "a sizable fortune"; "an ample waistline"; "of ample proportions".
Chinese: 充足的，丰富的，丰满的，硕大的 （注意这个词比enough还要enough,如果用来形容breasts,那么就真是波霸了）

Context(This word is utilized to describe):
Sufficiency
Space
Size
Greatness
Breadth
Thickness

Example:

1.We have ample opportunities in this court for learning what women mean, or what they mean they mean if in these days they mean anything at all.

2.I never knew her breasts were so ample.

3.Yes, but see, the clock stops ringing once I throw it against the wall giving me ample time to fall back to sleep.

4.These trees grow quickly and produce ample shade in two years.

5.Streets of the FSA (Farm Security Administration) defense workers village are broad and well paved, ample for the traffic of this rapidly expanding housing project.

Imperative

part of speech: adj
English: Requiring attention or action.(urgent)
Chinese: 紧迫的，紧急的，专制的(政府，人)

Context(This word is utilized to describe):
Duty
Requirement
Severity

Example:

1.In the future, it will be imperative that markedly improved techniques be applied in each clinical study.

2.Gen. Sheikh Mohammed feels that the e-government initiative is imperative for Dubai to continue to thrive economically.

3.The economic crisis made continued private financing imperative but problematic.

4.In such a case it is imperative to enter into a legal contract and receive RBI approval.

Sanguine
part of speech: adj
English: Confidently optimistic and cheerful
Chinese: 乐观的，充满希望的

Context(This word is utilized to describe):
Expectation
Imagination
Hope
Belief

Example:

1.I shall never be able to realise the too sanguine hopes of my friends, for at twenty-eight I am a thoroughly old man - mentally and bodily

2.I cannot be so sanguine as Mr. Weston

3.The condition and prospects of the revenue are more favorable than our most sanguine expectations had anticipated

4.Our population advances with a celerity which, exceeding the most sanguine calculations, proportionally augments our strength and resources, and guarantees our future security.

zhengchangdianUID：2563082

辛苦啦！来踩踩！
你的Argument怎么准备的呀？

tequilawineUID：2702008

海王泪(Kon)


3.【Examples-Self-reinforcing Phenomenon】
The more apps the software guys created, the more appealing Windows became, so it was a self-reinforcing phenomenon, a virtuous circle.(良性循环、自我增值系统)
The more users the website owns, the more accurate and more information Wikipedia hold. So it was as a self-reinforcing phenomenon, a virtuous circle.
The more users the communication tool attracts, the more convenient and broader the QQ became, so it was a self-reinforcing phenomenon, a virtuous circle.


In fact, applying despotic system can bring a company much bigger success in a short time but it needs further and sustained innovation to keep its fable again and again, while adopting an opening system enjoy long-term interests but it needs ample resources and healthy self-reinforce method to overcome a hardship during the early days. Both control-freak or philanthropism could succeed in their own virtuous circle but break if there is a glitch on “continual innovation” or “self-reinforce”. Therefore, the author falsely treats the despotic approach, which indeed brings specific advantage, as the cause of what Apple cry for.

zhengchangdian(正常点)

Comment：

It is well established that software system has been a special commodity ever since human beings began to exchange cargoes in the ancient times. To some extent, it violates the famous universal law of supply and demand. As known to all, the lesser merchandises exist in the market, the higher the price of them could surge up, especially when there is no like product. And history has witnessed this discipline coming to be truth. Unfortunately, the seemed omnipotent rule cannot serve to explain the perverse phenomenon of software market. It is a kind of goods that will prevail only when its users cover almost every corner of the world. The convenience it brings to mankind in communication may provide a reasonable answer to this queer circumstance. Suppose one applies a software system that no one else use or each individual applies significant different software systems, then we can conclude the trouble he would meet in his process of exchanging documents between interpersonal computers. In fact, it is a bit like that there is only one telephone in the world.