[经验思考] GRE作文6分教学博客   [复制链接]

ts1: the nature of corporation as an organization that maximizes its profits means that the  managers have the responsibility to make decisions based on whether or not the shareholders’ interests could be promoted
- the corporation as an institution sperates the ownership and the management
- the managers should be responsible for maximizing the profits for the stockholders
- they should avoid doing anything illegal to reduce the costs  
- the market mechanism would ensure that protfit-maximizing corps also create value for the society in an efficient way

ts2: Nevertheless, the government may offer some incentives for the corporations to care more about the well-being of the society and environment through tax credit or subsidy.
- tax credit for investment in renewable energy
- subsidy for hiring physically challenged employees or recently unemployed people


ts3: Meanwhile, if the public makes it clear that certain issues do matter, the corporations will also take the public interest into account as their reputation and long-term interests are at stake.  
- Google’s “do no evil” motto
- people support Google by using it
- Wong Lo kat herbal tea donated a large amount of money to the relief efforts of SiChuan earthquake
- the sales of the herbal tea skyrocketed

TS: I agree that researchers should not limit their studies to areas where immediate and practical application could be expected not because of the difficulty to predict the research outcome.  In fact, I would first argue that most researchers can somehow anticipate the research results with some measure of certainty.  There are two reasons why researchers should not be practically oriented: first, certain research in pure math and theoretical physics may never have any practical application but are intrinsically and historically valuable;  second, some research may lead to more practical applications a few decades later.  

ts1: most researchers can predict the outcome of their research; otherwise, they may not be able to get financial support (reject the reason)
- researchers have to convince the reviewers that their research proposals are feasible and promising
- they need to justify the research goals by reviewing the literature
- they have to design the methodolgoy and discuss the anticipated results in their proposals
- most research projects with financial support will lead to some expected outcome (but the outcome may be purely theoretical; nothing practical)

ts2:  researchers should devote themselves to projects with no immediate and practical applications as the research may be intrinsically and historically valuable
- Tao’s work on prime numbers
- no practical application
- but prime numbers have been studied for thousands of years  
- fascinating in its own right

ts3: researchers should also work on research projects that may lead to useful applications in future
- Einstein’s theory of relativity was developed without any expectations for practical applications
- the insights from his theory were later used to harness nuclear power

TS: The use of technology enables us to interact with a great number of people by exchanging thoughts and ideas more efficiently and creatively; some people may point out that the use of technology takes away the time that should have been spent with family members and friends, an issue that I would address later in this essay.  

ts1: the new technology has enabled people to communicate with one another more efficiently
- email
- facebook
- Skype

ts2: the use of technology also makes it possivle for people to interact more creatively
- Wikipedia as a major platform for people to collaborate
- people edit the entries together
- discuss the entries through the talk pages

ts3: some people are concerned that people spent less time with their families and friends
- in fact, technology also facilitates the interaction with families and friends (cell phones help them stay connected; make appointments)
- people who really care about the relationship with families and friends can always find time for them
- they may even use other technology to increase such time  

  

In modern society, academic scholars constantly learn from researchers outside their fields to make new progress in their own fields.  I would like to illustrate the importance of incorporating knowledge and experience from outside the fields in terms of methodological tools, theoretical perspectives and new practices of research.  

It is well known that many disciplines rely on some more fundamental fields for methodological tools.  Most natural science and engineering fields cannot advance without the help of different mathematical models.  The development of cryptography, for example, is not possible without the insights from number theory in general and specific theorems about prime numbers in particular.  On the other hand, the advancement of pure mathematics is also aided tremendously by the use of computers which free the mathematicians from tedious calculation.  This is why nowadays most introductory Calculus courses at college level would include some components of programming in Matlab.   

Scholars in applied social sciences also need theoretical insights and inspiration from more basic social sciences.  For example, the legal scholars on traffic laws can benefit from the incentive theory proposed by economists and study the effects of seat belt laws on the behaviors of drivers and how it might affect the safety of pedestrians.  In fact, a whole new field known as law and economics has emerged with economic theories applied to the study of laws.  Like the legal scholarship, many other fields of study need to incorporate theories from outside to make progress.  

Finally, researchers may borrow new ideas and experience in research practices from outside their fields.  The idea of crowdsourcing, for example, was first developed in the process of editing Oxford English Dictionary when a large group of amateurs were invited to contribute words to the editorial team.  It was recently adopted as a research paradigm in different academic fields with the advent of the Internet.  Even in pure mathematics, a crowdsourcing project known as the Polymath had successfully solved some difficult problems attracting mathematicians from all over the world.  With the increasing communication among scholars across disciplines, more research practices such as crowdsourcing will be transferred from one field of study to another.  

In conclusion, I agree that, in today’s academic world, incorporating knowledge and experience from outside the field of study is necessary for the further development of all different fields as researchers need methodological tools, theoretical insights and new ideas about research practices.  

While I agree that one can measure his or her success based on his or her goals, the validity of such measurement depends on whether the goals are consistent with the values of the society, the means used to achieve the goals is ethical and the price of the “success” is reasonable.  In other words, success that is anti-social, unethical or too costly is not true success.  I will explain my position with some specific examples as follows.  

People can set virtually any goals for themselves; but only those that are beneficial for the society are considered worthy and accomplishments of such are true success.  Consider the case of September 11 attacks.  A group of terrorists set their goals as hijacking airplanes and killing innocent people to make their political statements.  They have succeeded phenomenally in terms of achieving their goals.  Such terrorist attacks would not be possible without careful planning for years and the coordination among a group of professionals.  But nobody in the civilized world would consider killing innocent people as true success.  Rather, such acts are considered shameful and cowardly.  As this example clearly shows, success can be measured based on goals only if the goals are beneficial for the society.  

In addition to the value of the goals, the means used to achieve the goals is also a relevant issue.  Suppose a student aims to perform well in the upcoming final exam.  Instead of working hard to study for the tests, he tried to cheat in the exam by bringing a crib sheet. The goal is certainly worthy and even admirable. But the means through which he achieves his goal is unethical.  His good exam results do not accurately reflect his academic performance.  Doing so is also unfair to other students who are honest in the exams.  Even if he was not caught cheating, he was not truly successful.  

Finally, we have to consider the cost of the “success” when measuring it. These days, many people focus on building successful careers in their life with the belief that doing so can bring happiness to themselves and their faimilies.  Nevertheless, to achieve such goals, they often have to work long hours and sacrifice the time they should have spent with their families.  The failure to achieve a work-and-life balance is too high a price for many who earned a successful career but ended up with poor relationships with their loved ones.  So true success has to be measured by considering not just the goals but the cost of achieving such goals.  

As I explain clearly above, we cannot measure success accurately based on our goals alone. We also need to think about the social value of the goals, the means we use to achieve the goals and the price we have to pay.  Without taking multiple perspectives on success, our judgment will be narrow and unreliable.

1. 写出含有三个分论点的主旨句。
2. 根据主旨句写出中间三段的主题句。
3. 在主题句下面写出几个关键词，提醒自己中间段展开时要用到的概念和例子。
4. 写开头段主旨句前的引言。
5. 写各个中间段。
6. 写结尾。

1. 写出含有三个分论点的主旨句。
2. 根据主旨句写出中间三段的主题句。
3. 在主题句下面写出几个关键词，提醒自己中间段展开时要用到的概念和例子。
4. 写开头段主旨句前的引言。
5. 写各个中间段。
6. 写结尾。

tesolchina 发表于 2014-11-17 22:28
6) Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arctic regions. They search for food by moving over ice ...

上帝的音符 发表于 2015-6-4 20:40
请问：第二段的第二行为什么不是prevented  the deer from migrating ...?

Scoring Guide for the Issue Task

Score 6 Outstanding

In addressing the specific task directions, a 6 response presents a cogent, well-articulated analysis of the issue and conveys meaning skillfully.

A typical response in this category:
articulates a clear and insightful position on the issue in accordance with the assigned task
develops the position fully with compelling reasons and/or persuasive examples
sustains a well-focused, well-organized analysis, connecting ideas logically
conveys ideas fluently and precisely, using effective vocabulary and sentence variety
demonstrates superior facility with the conventions of standard written English (i.e., grammar, usage and mechanics), but may have minor errors

Score 4 Adequate

In addressing the specific task directions, a 4 response presents a competent analysis of the issue and conveys meaning with acceptable clarity.

A typical response in this category:
presents a clear position on the issue in accordance with the assigned task
develops the position with relevant reasons and/or examples
is adequately focused and organized
demonstrates sufficient control of language to express ideas with acceptable clarity
generally demonstrates control of the conventions of standard written English, but may have some errors
Score 3 Limited

A 3 response demonstrates some competence in addressing the specific task directions, in analyzing the issue and in conveying meaning, but is obviously flawed.

A typical response in this category exhibits ONE OR MORE of the following characteristics:
is vague or limited in addressing the specific task directions and in presenting or developing a position on the issue or both
is weak in the use of relevant reasons or examples or relies largely on unsupported claims
is limited in focus and/or organization
has problems in language and sentence structure that result in a lack of clarity
contains occasional major errors or frequent minor errors in grammar, usage or mechanics that can interfere with meaning

Score 6 Outstanding

In addressing the specific task directions, a 6 response presents a cogent, well-articulated examination of the argument and conveys meaning skillfully.

A typical response in this category:

clearly identifies aspects of the argument relevant to the assigned task and examines them insightfully
develops ideas cogently, organizes them logically and connects them with clear transitions
provides compelling and thorough support for its main points
conveys ideas fluently and precisely, using effective vocabulary and sentence variety
demonstrates superior facility with the conventions of standard written English (i.e., grammar, usage and mechanics), but may have minor errors

Score 4 Adequate

In addressing the specific task directions, a 4 response presents a competent examination of the argument and conveys meaning with acceptable clarity.

A typical response in this category:
identifies and examines aspects of the argument relevant to the assigned task, but may also discuss some extraneous points
develops and organizes ideas satisfactorily, but may not connect them with transitions
supports its main points adequately, but may be uneven in its support
demonstrates sufficient control of language to convey ideas with reasonable clarity
generally demonstrates control of the conventions of standard written English, but may have some errors
Score 3 Limited

A 3 response demonstrates some competence in addressing the specific task directions, in examining the argument and in conveying meaning, but is obviously flawed.

A typical response in this category exhibits ONE OR MORE of the following characteristics:
does not identify or examine most of the aspects of the argument relevant to the assigned task, although some relevant examination of the argument is present
mainly discusses tangential or irrelevant matters, or reasons poorly
is limited in the logical development and organization of ideas
offers support of little relevance and value for its main points
has problems in language and sentence structure that result in a lack of clarity
contains occasional major errors or frequent minor errors in grammar, usage or mechanics that can interfere with meaning

tesolchina 发表于 2015-3-12 23:59
28) The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, art ...

ClaretZ 发表于 2015-6-8 00:43
Paper was invented by Cai Lun in ancient China.23333

tesolchina 发表于 2014-12-12 16:40
Argument 114 116 117

The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of a food distribu ...