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发表于 2010-5-14 15:23:41 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
本帖最后由 cant0577 于 2010-5-20 23:20 编辑

[1010G]8月中旬上海YY作文进阶小组-北美作文中译英

虽然组员很少，但是也要努力地互相学习！！现在开始我们小组的征程吧！
组长：cant0577
组员：elvisxiao  grassfree 四月小薇(四月小薇) sjkdgxm AlanYLp goingcv
1-7日
1.每天中译英1篇，翻译《GRE官方题库范文精讲》 issue
  为了提高英语的表达能力，是受了Saavedro简谈如何有效提升GRE-AW写作语言表达 的启发，觉得很有用。刚开始要花费相当长的时间，但积累到一定程度后，就会快一些。https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=918693&highlight=
2.总结范文中优秀的句词，摘入，有空时随时看，把认为自己写的比原文好的标出来，供大家学习。
3.将当天背诵红宝书中觉得有价值的，可以用在写作中的单词，摘出，并查出用此方法以及加上相应的例句和中文翻译。
4.每人每天要看一篇economist 在组日记别里报告自己今天看的文章主要内容，可以用在哪方面的写作中，最好附上链接，可以让组员快速的找到该资料。
5.开始过题库I&A

每天至少20个I &A题库，目的在于知道有这样的题型，不做BS，速度会很快，所以这个量应该不会很大，这样在看ec的时候会有意识的收集信息，在本周内把题库都过完。
6. 看 【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲 汇总贴

https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=931474&highlight=

7.语法 0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】汇总贴 & DAY I 主谓一致
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-959505-1-1.html

8.在小组群里吼吼自己的一天的进程，心得体会，看看楼上的，刺激刺激自己的~~

各项要求：
中译英： 每个人现在自己准备一个本子上记录原文中的优秀词句，包括中文，然后看中文想英文并将它上交到帖子中，当然要修改后上交，，同时也提出自己对一些句子，词的分析以及分析不清楚的地方 接着收集组员他们认为的精华，加到自己的词库里，目的是要总结在翻译过程中的收获，也是对知识的复习，大家也可以把自己的提纲交上来一起讨论。 翻译完后总结作者的写作思维方式，重点借鉴论证方法  隔天中午12:00之前上交，最迟隔天中午交。注意【重点在于质量，而不是数量，重点在整理消化而不是瞎翻译】


红宝书作文词汇：将自己认为可以用到写作的词汇 标记出，查找例句（中英）加用法，每个人另备本小本本，专门记词汇，看其他组员的词汇时，先看中文，试着能不能用这个词将英文翻出来，翻出后和原句对照，摘抄原句。

我买了《TOEFL-ibt写作词汇小伴侣》 每日会加上上面的单词供大家一起学习啊~~

翻译北美作文时可以参考一下步骤：
1、先自己BS一下，列提纲，越详细越好。
2.看北美作文的中文，看老外是怎么写的，分析他的逻辑思维，（一般这个时候会被狠狠地打击到）再看后面的分析，学习该文章布局的方法，这个时候可以看看韦晓亮的《作文大讲堂》（找点自信），这时候就会发现老外的思维很不一样。
3、就是翻译了，参照Saavedro的方法
4、 一定，一定要做摘抄，按自己的方法来，这样就能把那些表达方式在脑子里面过一遍，有空的时候一定要看!! 背诵短语，学习表达方式！！

ps 由于小组人数稀少，O(∩_∩)O~ 我们就开一个贴，大家把自己中译英过程中，觉得要学的句子，词，贴上来~~ 再加上在红宝书中看到的优秀词 加中英例句 都贴上来哦~~
关于economist 因为觉得【1010G精英组】做的很好~~我们就借一下这个巨人的肩膀吧~~~
推介一个https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1092831-1-1.html
在此深表感谢~~当然如果想自己做的话那是最值得推崇的了~~
预计一周后，我们开始研究高频作文~~

那么现在让我们一起加油吧~~:)  

5.15 的作业 i31 i190  5.16 12:00上交哦




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lxin333 + 1 加油
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elvisxiao + 1 加油~~

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10G, YY进阶, 北美, 上海, 作文

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美版版主 Cancer巨蟹座 荣誉版主 AW活动特殊奖 GRE梦想之帆 GRE斩浪之魂 GRE守护之星 US Assistant US Applicant

沙发
发表于 2010-5-14 20:52:24 |只看该作者
check this

https://bbs.gter.net/bbs/thread-1095482-1-1.html

Die luft der Freiheit weht
the wind of freedom blows

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板凳
发表于 2010-5-15 22:21:52 |只看该作者
I30
1. I agree with the speaker's broad assertion that.....
2. Money spent in research is generally money well invested.
3. Extend this broad assertion
4. Compelling reasons
5. My points of contention with speaker involve the foundational objectives and nature of research, as discussed below.
6. I concede that the speaker is on the correct philosophical side of this issue.
7.After all, research is the exploration of the unknown for true answers to our questions and for lasting solutions to our enduring problems.
8. Research is also the chief means by which we humans attempt (try) to  satisfy our insatiable appetite for knowledge, and our craving to understand ourselves and the world around us.
9. Yet, in the very notion of the research also lies my first point of contention with the speaker, who illogically presumes that we can know the results of the research before we invest in it.
10.to the contrary
11 to be of any value
12 explore uncharted and unpredictable territory
13 In fact, query whether the research whose benefits are immediate and predictable can break any new ground, or whether it can be considered as "research".
14 while we must invest in research irrespective of whether the result might be controversial, at the same time we should be circumspect about research whose objectives are too vague and whose potential benefits are too speculative.  
15. After all, expensive research always carries significant opportunity costs-- in terms of how the money might be spent toward addressing society's more immediate problems that do not require research.
16 championed by
17 in retrospect, this initiative was ill-conceived and largely a waste of  taxpayer dollars.
18 sth has gone a long way addressing pressing social problems of the day--by establishing after-school programs for delinquent latchkey kids, by enhancing AIDS awareness and education, and so forth.
19 As it turns out, at the end of Star Wars debacle we were left with rampant gang violence, an AIDS epidemic, and an unprecedented federal budget deficit.
20 no amount of research can completely solve the enduring problems, for the reason that they stem from (result from) the certain aspects of human nature--such as aggression and greed.

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地板
发表于 2010-5-15 22:29:07 |只看该作者
我觉得上面那些句子都可以背一下，写的都很好，各种句式都有，一些词例如：-school programs for delinquent latchkey kids 可以用在教育或者社会现象中，pressing social problems 经常用语 irrespective of =regardless of   
没有查到after-school programs for delinquent latchkey kids 的背景~~

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5楼
发表于 2010-5-16 03:20:14 |只看该作者
Issue31:”Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial.”

要学习的词汇
喜欢的句子及好的表达
有疑问的地方
1.I agree with the speaker’s broad assertion that money spent on research is generally money（这个可不可以去掉，没看明白什么意思） well invested.

2.However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to embrace（拥抱、包含 觉得这个用的挺好） research whose results are “controversial,” while ignoring certain compelling（令人信服的） reasons why some fundamental objectives（目标） and nature of research, ad discussed below.

3.I concede（承认、让步） that the speaker is on the correct philosophical side of this issue.

4.After all, research is the exploration of the unknown for true answers to our questions, and for lasting（换成permanent好不好） solutions to our enduring（持久的） problems.

5.Research is also the chief（总是记不起来） means by which we humans attempt to satisfy our insatiable appetite for knowledge and our craving to understand ourselves and the world around us.

6. Yet, in the very notion of research also lies my first point of contention（争辩） with the speaker, who illogically presumes（设想、假设） that we can know the results of research before we invest in it.

7. To the contrary, if research is to be of any value it must explore uncharted and unpredictable territory（领域、领地）.

8. In fact, query whether research whose benefits are immediate and predictable can break any mew ground, or whether it can be considered “research” at all.

9. While we must invest in research irrespective of whether the results might be controversial, at the same time we should be circumspect（审慎的） about research whose objectives are too vague and whose potential benefits are too speculative.

10. After all, expensive research always carries significant opportunity costs—in term of how the money might be spent toward addressing society’s more immediate problems that do not require research.

11 One apt illustration of this point involves the so-called “Star Wars” defense initiative（主动、初步的）, championed by the Reagan administration during the 1980s.

12 In retrospect, this initiative was ill-conceived and largely a waste of taxpayer dollars; and would dispute that the exorbitant amount of money  devoted to the initiative could have gone a ling way toward addressing pressing social problems of the day—by establishing after-school programs for delinquent latchkey kids, by enhancing AIDS awareness and education, and so forth.

13 As it turns out, at the end of the Star Wars debacle we were left with rampant gang violence, an AIDS epidemic, and an unprecedented federal budge deficit.

14 The speaker’s assertion is troubling in two other respects as well. First, no amount of research can completely solve the enduring problems of war, poverty, and violence, for the reason that they stem from certain aspects of human nature-such as aggression and greed.

15 Secondly, for every new research breakthrough that helps reduce human suffering is another that serves primarily（主要的、首要的 想不起来用啊） to add to that suffering.

16 And, in fulfilling the promise of “better living through chemistry” research has given us chemical weapons for human slaughter.

17In short, so-called “advances” that scientific research has brought about often amount to net losses for humanity.

18 In sum, the speaker’s assertion that we should invest in research whose results are “controversial” begs the question.

19 Nevertheless, when we do research purely for its own sake—without aim or clear purpose—we risk squandering resources which could have been applied to relieve the immediate suffering of our dispirited, disadvantaged, and disenfranchised members of society.

20 In the final analysis, given finite economic resources we are forced to strike a balance in how we allocate those resources among competing societal objectives.

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6楼
发表于 2010-5-16 03:27:34 |只看该作者
觉得真快把一整篇文章都抄下来了  翻译的时候遇到的问题比我想象的麻烦的多
语法暂且不说，很多词汇根本想不起来用呢。
sigh...以后好好学习语言啊~~

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7楼
发表于 2010-5-16 11:37:08 |只看该作者
我把 苹果的 转过来咯~~
issue 31

"Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."

I agree with the speaker's idea, which
is in general speaking, it is a wise investment that spent money on research. However, the speaker unnecessarily expanded the scope of this idea. Some convict reasons demonstrate that some kinds of researches is unreasonable, but the speaker has neglected them. Because of this, the researches with controversial results are included in his assortment. The points I want to argue with the speaker include basic target and the essence. I will argue as follows:

I do agree that the speaker has stand on the right philosophy aspect. After all, our aims of doing research are finding right answers of question and finding forever solution for our question which has bothered us for a long time. Research is also a very important meaning for our mankind trying to satisfy the endless admiring of knowledge and to understand ourselves and the world. But the first point I want to argue with speaker is about the exact definition of research. The speaker thinks that, it is an illogical presumes that we can know the result of research before investing on it. On the contrast, a research must explore the unknown and unpredictable field if it is worthy to do. In fact, it is a question that if the research which is returning-soon and predictable could be created and breaking through, or in other words, if it is a research.

Although we should invest on research without considering if it has a controversial result or not, but at the same time, we should circumspect to invest on the research which has a vague goal and uncertain potential benefits. After all, this money can be used in address more emergent problems in our society, and these problems may need not research. From this aspect, the opportunity costs of those expensive researches are extremely high. The proper example to interpret this problem is the "star wars" defense plan which is supported by
Regan's administration in 1980s. Now we can see that the plan is ill-conceived, and it has also wasted a lot of taxpayers’ money. What is more, there are little people will disagree the following saying, that is, if the money spent on this plan were used to address more emergent problems, it will more useful. For example, this money can be used to initiate after-school program for the children whose parents have not enough time to take care of them, or certify people's recognition and education about AIDS and so on. Just as the following fact saying, the "star wars" left us the wide spreading violent and ADIS, and federal deficit we have not ever had before.

The speaker's point also has been confusing on two other aspects. Firstly, more research cannot totally solute war, poverty and violent which have been problems for a long time, because these problems are caused by human nature, such as the aggression and greed. Although the research about mankind genome may finally remove the bad aspects in mankind nature, the address of these problems lays on the economists, diplomats, social reformers and jurists, but not the labels. Secondly, every research breakthrough aiming at relieving mankind pain is another factor of deepening mankind's suffering at the same time. For example, someone may argue that, the physicists who found how to utilize atomic energy are invaluable "peace keepers" because they have provided us another alternative energy, but they have totally neglected hundreds of millions innocent people who lost their lives or being hurt in atomic blasts and nuclear leakage accidents. In addition, after research have realized the commitment that "chemistry will bring us better life ", however, it bring us chemistry weapon that being used for kill mankind. All in all, so called "progress" brought by research always equals with pure lost of our mankind.

Totally speaking, the speaker's point about we should invest on controversial research evade the problem. Because only after investing, we can know whether it would lead to controversial results. As to the speaker's general point, I agree that it is a wise investment that spent money on research, because it is an investment on pushing mankind knowledge forward, and it is also an investment on developing visionary and spirit of mankind. However, we are ....waste resources when we research without specific goal and target but simply research because of research. These resources could be used for lighting those weaker suffering, who has suffered depression, low status because of poverty or can't acquire equal right. All in all, we should allocate reasonable and balance when allocate those resource in conflict social goal at an exhaustible resource situation.

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8楼
发表于 2010-5-16 12:00:12 |只看该作者
Issue 31
I agree with the almost opinion of the speaker that spending the money on research is generally sensible. Nevertheless, the speaker expanded the scale, the opinion concluded, unnecessarily. The convincing reasons, which the speaker neglected, indicated that some various of researches are not rational and the assertion of the speaker contained those controversial researches. The essence I want to argue with the speaker are about fundamental objectives(目标) and nature of research, as discussed below（阐述如下）.
Admittedly, about the problem, the speaker is on the correct philosophical side（哲学立场）. After all, research investigations are the process to explore unknown things for finding the correct answers of our questions and for lasting（永久）resolutions of our enduring problems（长久以来的问题）. On the other words, research is also an chief/main mean(主要手段), by which human beings try to meet endless desire of knowledge and ourselves and the world around us. Yet/However/Nevertheless(然而/用于句首连词), the first opinion I want to argue with the speaker is about the illogically presumption(不符合逻辑的假定). The speaker considered that we can get the results of research before investing on them and it is a illogical hypotheses. On the contrary/Oppositely(相反的), research must explore those unknown/uncharted and unpredictable realm(未知的和不可预测的领域) if it has value. In fact, whether researches, which have predictable and certain value, are possible to create breakthrough is a problem, or if they can be called as “research” is a problem.
Although we should invest research without considering controversial results it brings, meanwhile, we should be circumspect/cautious about(谨慎的) those researches, whose destinations/objectives are vague and benefits are much indefinite/speculative. After all, the money, spending on researches, can be used in solving the much more emergent/immediate social problems(紧要的社会问题) while these researches might be unnecessary. In terms of this respect(从这个角度来说), opportunity costs(机会成本) of expensive researches are high. One apt example(有一个适当的例子), which is about the defensive plan of “Star War” in 1880s supported by Reagan administration(里根政府) can be help to prove it. The failure of the strategy wasted a large number of money of taxpayer dollars(纳税人的钱). I consider that there would be few people objecting to spend the money on solving the social problems at that time such as the missing children events and enhancing the recognize and education of AIDS and so on. As the fact proved/, the flaw of the STAR WAR plan left society tremendous robbery and spreading quickly of AIDS and deficit federal finance.
The opinion of the speaker has other two vague respects. Firstly, more researches cannot resolve the problems of wars and violence and poverty, which exist in our society for a long time, because all of them are aroused by the aggressive and greedy of human beings(人类的侵略性和贪婪). Despite gene research might be helpful to eliminate the flaw of personality ultimately, however, at the same time, releasing the problems relies on our economists and diplomatists and socialists and legalists instead of laboratory. Secondly, every breakthrough of research which can help to release the misery of patients tends to be the factor enhancing the suffering of human beings. For instance, those physical experts, who researched how to use atomic energy, might consider that they had provided human beings with a new choice of resource named “Peace defensive”, however, they neglected thousands of innocent people losing their lives during the atomic explosion and nuclear disclosing accidents. Additionally, after this research realized the commitment of “chemistry brings us much better life.”, it also brought the chemical weapons for massacring human. In all, the “progresses” researches bring to us tend to be our pure losses.
As a conclusion, the speaker missed the fact that whether we should invest for those researches whose results might be controversial, because only after we invest researches can we know that whether it will product the controversial results or not. I agree with the general/broader assertion(总体的观点) of the speaker which supports rational investments on researches generally because that is an investment for not only improving the process of human knowledge but also exploring imagination and mental of human beings. Nevertheless, when we have no definitely destinations of researches, we will risk dangerous of wasting resource which can be used to releasing the sufferings from depressions and poverty and inferior and unfair rights. In a word, under the situation of limited financial resource, we must keep the balance when we assign resource to several social objects which are mutual controversial.

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9楼
发表于 2010-5-16 12:10:13 |只看该作者
貌似是我第一次把范文整体中译英~ 花的时间要比想象的多得多得多得多！！！咕~~(╯﹏╰)b~
不过总体而言，看了中文都能一一翻成英文，但是词汇多变性和丰富性明显与范文插一大截。总的来说，这次翻译花的时间让自己很失望。
归结主要原因可能有以下几点：1，键盘打字速度没有达到要求；2，根据给定的长且复杂的中文语句组织到英文语句不熟练，有的时候需要反复斟酌，从而浪费不少时间；3词汇精准应用欠缺

看来翻译的训练的确让我暴露了不少问题！

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10楼
发表于 2010-5-16 14:46:12 |只看该作者
苹果总结！！

太多错别字，打错、拼错的都是一大堆，真是崩溃撒。。。
恩恩，和原文对比，还是差一大截的，要好好学习原文的表达。

问题：
第一：In the very notion of ... also lies my first point of contention with the speaker.这句话里，第一个in应该是跟后面的 lie in 搭配的吗？
第二：...money ...could have a long way toward addressing pressing social problems就是说投资星球大战计划的钱如果用于解决当时社会的一些紧迫问题会将更有用武之地。这个表达（文章第3短倒数第4行）是不是有特殊的语法啊？我对语法一窍不通。。。望指点！

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发表于 2010-5-16 21:21:48 |只看该作者
1.I agree with the speaker’s broad assertion that money spent on research is generally money（这个可不可以去掉，没看明白什么意思） well invested.

这个MONEY 不能省 这句话具有对称美~~~后面的词都是修饰词~~

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12楼
发表于 2010-5-16 21:28:34 |只看该作者
10# grassfree
第一个问题我也没弄懂~~
我请教一下别人，明天回复哦~~:)

第二个问题

and few would dispute谓语 that the exorbitant amount of money devoted to the initiative 分词作定语 could 从句中的谓语 have gone a long way toward addressing pressing social problems-bla bla..

我是这样子理解的

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发表于 2010-5-17 09:08:50 |只看该作者
观点句 学习句词
I190
1. a society where some people go without food, jobs, and basic survival skills.

2.It might be tempting to agree with the speaker on the basis that
3. Fundamental human need
4. However, the speaker overlooks certain economic and other societal benefits that accrue when, government assumes an active role
in supporting the arts.


5.The implicit rational behind the speaker's statement seems to be that
cultural enrichment pales in importance compared to food, clothing and shelter.


6. Accordingly, I concede that when it comes to the use of public resources it is entirely appropriate to assign lower priority to the arts than to these other pressing social problems


7.Yet, to postpone public arts funding until we completely eliminate unemployment and hunger (对失业，饥饿的另一种表达）would be to postpone arts funding forever.


8.any informed person who believes otherwise （写不出来这样的表达）is envisioning a pure socialist state where the government provides all the needs of their citizens' -- a vision which amount to fantasy.


9. This argument has conciderable merits, in three respects.
10.it seems ill-conceived to do 在31中也用到过


11.private charity and philanthropy appear to active and well 也可以用到教育，社会问题上


12. On the other hand are two compelling arguments that public support for the arts is desirable, whether or not the unemployment and hunger have
been eliminated.


13Consider可以引出例子 Candada's film industry, which is heavily subsidized by Canadian government, and which provides countless job for film-industry workers as a result.


14.provide various incentives for sb to do sth 可以用到教育 社会中


15.Stimulating job growth and wealth that can be applied toward education, job training and social programs.
16.The function and ultimate objectives of art
把art换成history, education 就可以用在历史，教育等方面了
17.A more charitable society
18.With a heightened sensitivity to the human condition, we become more others-oriented, less self-centered, more giving of ourselves.
19.At the heart of this specious argument lies 可用于对一个实例的分析后引出一个小观点
20.Seek to discourage

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AlanYLp
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14楼
发表于 2010-5-17 09:26:53 |只看该作者
Issue190
The speaker considered that it is unreasonable to utilize public resource supporting arts for a society which has starving, unemployment and lack of basic living skills. Because of the fact that arts aren’t the fundamental requirement of human beings, in terms of the motives and means of supporting the arts, government tends to be unreliable. So, the assertion of the speaker might be accepted by others. Nevertheless, the speaker neglected the economical and social benefits from the government approving of arts actively.
The potential theory fundament of the speaker’s statement seems that contracted to the consequence of feeding, sheltering and living, the importance of the culture became tiny. It is absolutely true that those basic needs are indeed fundamental requirement. After all, would a starving person want a wonderful picture instead of a meal?  Thereby, .admittedly, it is total apt to considering that when we assign the public resource, we should give the privilege to those immediate social problems before arts. However, it is impossible to erect the fund of public arts after eliminating all of the unemployment and starving. Any intellect, who considered the fact is not like that, is conceiving a pure Socialist country where the government can meet all the requirements from the public, which is a daydream.
Basing on the fact that supporting arts is not a certain and necessary responsibility or reliability, the assertion of the speaker can be conceded easily. This opinion has considerable value in three respects. Firstly, giving the decisions and choices rights of fund proving to arts to the minor bureaucrats is inadvisable. They probably tend to make decisions according to their own thoughts and that they are easy to be influenced by affects around. Secondly, nowadays, private charities are well-done and active. For instance, under the help of private foundations and personal donations, public broadcast system can be survival and even become stronger and stronger increasingly. Thirdly, a large number of taxation from our pockets dropped into the governmental fund, which reduced the money we can support arts career. Moreover, the supports we could have done can be more direct and valid than any bureaucrat.
On the other hand, there are other two persuading opinions which consider the public supports to arts career is almost crucial whether the problems of unemployment and starving are solved or not. One is assigning the public resource to arts career which is actual benefit to help us to resolving those problems. Referring from the Canadian films industry, we found that their films industry obtained large subsidy from the government, which turned out that the industry provided a lot of employment opportunities. These inspiring measures added energy for the Canadian economy, furthermore stimulating the enhancing of employments and accumulating of finance and these money also can be applied in education, career training and social construction. The example of Canada proved that arts career is also benefit to those social problems which the speaker concerned.
The second opinion is concerned about functions and ultimate destinations of arts career. Art can be used to upgrade sprits of human beings, which make us close to our feelings, soft plots and fate, in a word, which means be much closer to our nature. With the increasing of sensitive to the living stage, our sense of always be around ourselves become less and less, considering much more for others and willing to denote ourselves. In another word, we have more affections and helpful to the society and those unfortunate people. Certainly, the speaker might argue that when we help them, they probable are hurt because they must survive relying on us. Nevertheless, this indicated the indifferent and lacking of sympathy and in my view, any society should eliminate that. Additionally, this issue must lead to some political, philosophical and mortal problems, which can not be solved in this article.
As a conclusion, beneficiaries of public arts capital are not only elites those who wonder among the museums and so on. Assigning the public resource to the art career create more employment opportunities and provide job chances for those who living with vivid and rich culture, and it also cultivate the love hearts for those starving, helpless and unfortunate persons.

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elvisxiao
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15楼
发表于 2010-5-17 11:54:23 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 elvisxiao 于 2010-5-17 11:57 编辑

1.The speaker asserts that using public resources to support the arts is unjustifiable in a society where some people go without food, jobs and basic survival skills.
2.It might be tempting(引诱，吸引) to agree with the speaker on the basis that art isnot a fundamental human need, and that government is not entirelytrustworthy when it comes to its motives(动机，主旨) and methods.
3.However, the speaker overlooks certain economic and other societal benefits thataccrue（产生，积累） when government assumes an active role in supportingthe arts.
4.The implicit（暗示的，含蓄的） rationale（基本原理） behind the speaker'sstatement seems to be that cultural enrichment（丰富） pales in importancecompared to food, clothing, and shelter.

5.  That the latter needs are more fundamental is indisputable（不容置疑的）

6.Iconcede that when it comes to the use of public resources it is entirely appropriate to assign a lower priority to the arts than to these other pressing socialproblem.

7.any informed（有学问的） person who believes otherwiseis envisioning（想象） a pure socialist state where the government provides for allof its citizens' needs--a vision which amounts to fantasy.

8.The argument has considerable merit , in three respects.
9.First, it seems ill-conceived to relegate（放逐）decision and choices about arts funding to a handful of bureaucrats, who are likely to decidebased on their own quirky notions about art, and whose decisions mightbe susceptible to influence-peddling（以权交易）.
10.On the other hand are two compellingarguments that public support for the arts is desirable,whetheror not unemployment and hunger have been eliminated.
11.the Canadian government also providesvarious incentives（刺激） forAmerican production companies to film and produce their movies in Canada.
12.A second argument against the speaker'sposition had to do with the function and ultimate objectivesof art
13.Art serves to lift the human spirit and toput us more in touch with our feelings, foibles,and fate-in short, with our own humanity.
14.However,at the heart of this specious（似是而非） argument liesa certain coldness and lack of compassion that, in my view,anysociety should seek to discourage.
15.In the final analysis, the beneficiaries（受益者） ofpublic arts funding are not limited to the elitists（杰出者） who stroll through big-city museums and attendsymphonies and gallery openings, ad the speaker might have us believe.

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