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本帖最后由 周九 于 2011-1-29 11:36 编辑
PAGE 7
topic asks you to consider whether it is important for government to provide financial support for art museums. If your position is that government should fund art museums, you might support your position by discussing the reasons art is important and explain that museums are public places where art is available to anyone. On the other hand, if your position is that government should not support museums, you might point out that, given limited governmental funds, art museums are not as deserving of governmental funding as are other, more socially important, institutions. Or, if you are in favor of government funding for art museums only under certain conditions, you might focus on the artistic criteria, cultural concerns, or political conditions that you think should determine how—or whether—art museums receive government funds. It is not your position that matters so much as the critical thinking skills you display in developing your position.
解释了思考过程:
情况1:If your position is -------------, you might support your position by discussing the reasons --------------------explain that----------------.
if your position is that ---------------------, you might point out that, given-------------, ----------are -------------.
同意,不同意,都可以采取如上思考,先表明立场,英语文章很少会出现立场不明的情况,可能和事老型的文章不符合他们的性格习惯,之后,by 和 given引导出了你之所以选择这样立场的原因,我觉得很多文章(我自己的和好多其他同学的)都止于提供原因,而且写了很多很有说服力,(有的时候都有柯南的感觉,一下子感觉发现了真相),但这样的response是不符合ets的期望哒,思考提示中,原因只用介词短短引导下,重头戏是explain that,和 are,就是为什么这个原因导致了这个结果,也就是柯南每次在找到凶手之后,解释的那番话,如果只是说凶手就是xxx,然后都没说怎木就是他呢,估计再也不会有人看柯南了,这个过程,就是ets所说的development and support。无论多好的原因没有合理的development和support,都无法达到issue 要求的critically thinking。
但感觉这种方式不太符合我们的写作习惯,至少不符合我的写作习惯。。。如此完美的原因已经呈现在眼前,其他多余的话都是画蛇添足,只可意会不可言传。。。改正这种习惯需要注意再注意,5分的那篇issue,我觉得立足点普通,文章语言也只能算流畅,但却得到5分,原因应该在于它中规中矩的进行了development和support,非常符合critically thinking的要求。
情况2: if you are in favor of ---------------only under certain conditions, you might focus on the ------------conditions that you think should determine how—or whether-----.
这种思考过程,就是部分同意部分不同意,所以在表面如此立场后,就要说明什么情况下是同意的,什么情况下市不同意,据此例,在分情况后,具体论述了下此情况下该事件的面目。
An excellent way to prepare for the Issue task is to practice writing on some of the published topics. There is no "best" approach: some people prefer to start practicing without regard to the 45-minute time limit; others prefer to take a "timed test" first and practice within the time limit. No matter which approach you take when you practice the Issue task, you should review the task directions, then
• carefully read the claim made in the topic and make sure you understand the issue involved; if it seems unclear, discuss it with a friend or teacher
审题,题不明白,还写个什么劲儿呀
(这两天看到了几篇经验贴,感觉很大一部分功夫都在审题这儿)
• think about the issue in relation to your own ideas and experiences, to events you have read about or observed, and to people you have known; this is the knowledge base from which you will develop compelling reasons and examples in your argument that reinforce, negate, or qualify the claim in some way
时时刻刻都在说reasons and examples, 不仅要有reason还要有解释reason的examples,切记切记~~~
reinforce, negate or qualify,同意不同意,分情况,这三个词用得真好哇
• decide what position on the issue you want to take and defend—remember you are free to agree or disagree completely or to agree with some parts or some applications but not others
• decide what compelling evidence (reasons and examples) you can use to support your position
evidence是什么,reasons和examples
Remember that this is a task in critical thinking and persuasive writing. Therefore, you might find it helpful to explore the complexity of a claim in one of the topics by asking yourself the following questions:
• What, precisely, is the central issue?
现在还是弄不清抓住的到底是不是central issue。。。
• Do I agree with all or with any part of the claim? Why or why not?
• Does the claim make certain assumptions? If so, are they reasonable?
assumption,if 之后的then到底合理不
• Is the claim valid only under certain conditions? If so, what are they?
ets很钟情于对情况的描述哇
• Do I need to explain how I interpret certain terms or concepts used in the claim?
narrow down general words,防偷换概念
• If I take a certain position on the issue, what reasons support my position?
• What examples—either real or hypothetical—could I use to illustrate those reasons and advance my point of view? Which examples are most compelling?
上下内容不仅对issue有指导意义,对argu也是指路明灯哇!
上面说的是如何建立自己的argument,下面将的是如何捍卫,感觉对analyze ets 的argu也很有帮助嘛,比如,ets的argu说了什么事儿(central issue),它同意不同意,它做了if then了吗(通常argu都在这儿给提供了好几天挑错的素材),它的论述在各个情况下都成立吗(当然不,要不怎木找茬呀),它在讨论中有没有偷换概念呢(通常都有),支持论据的理由充分吗(不充分),举例compelling吗(一般都是调查研究,一律被打成不 compelling at all)。
下面说我们审视argu的时候,有原因可以去攻击题目的position吗(当然有), 它本该如何acknowledge or defend自己的argu呢,这不就是作文书里说的可实行的合理化建议。
Once you have decided on a position to defend, consider the perspective of others who might not agree with your position. Ask yourself:
• What reasons might someone use to refute or undermine my position?
• How should I acknowledge or defend against those views in my essay?
To plan your response, you might want to summarize your position and make brief notes about how you will support the position you're going to take. When you've done this, look over your notes and decide how you will organize your response. Then write a response developing your position on the issue. Even if you don't write a full response, you should find it helpful to practice with a few of the Issue topics and to sketch out your possible responses. After you have practiced with some of the topics, try writing responses to some of the topics within the 45-minute time limit so that you have a good idea of how to use your time in the actual test.
It would probably be helpful to get some feedback on your response from an instructor who teaches critical thinking or writing or to trade papers on the same topic with other students and discuss one another's responses in relation to the scoring guide. Try to determine how each paper meets or misses the criteria for |
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