各位童鞋帮个忙吧！argue攻击前提、论据、结论有什么本质区别啊？ [复制链接]

An argument can be broken down into three major components: premises, inferences and a conclusion.






一个argument的组成三要素premises, inferences and a conclusion在intro中是这样体现的：







• what is offered as evidence, support, or proof
• what is explicitly stated, claimed, or concluded
• what is assumed or supposed, perhaps without justification or proof
• what is not stated, but necessarily follows from what is stated










Premises are statements of (assumed) fact which are supposed to set forth the reasons and/or evidence for believing a claim. The claim, in turn, is the conclusion: what you finish with at the end of an argument. When an argument is simple, you may just have a couple of premises and a conclusion:



1. Doctors earn a lot of money. (premise)
2. I want to earn a lot of money. (premise)
3. I should become a doctor. (conclusion)




Premise的定义对应于上边引用的第一条和第二条。







Inferences are the reasoning parts of an argument. Conclusions are a type of inference, but always the final inference. Usually an argument will be complicated enough to require inferences linking the premises with the final conclusion:



1. Doctors earn a lot of money. (premise)
2. With a lot of money, a person can travel a lot. (premise)
3. Doctors can travel a lot. (inference, from 1 and 2)
4. I want to travel a lot. (premise)
5. I should become a doctor. (from 3 and 4)




Inferences的定义对应于上边引用的第三条和第四条。