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[问答] 请教四篇短阅读，多谢~~ [复制链接]

ruoyuxuan
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电梯直达

楼主

发表于 2011-8-12 17:09:10 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

1 Like most other coastal towns in Norway, the town of
Stavanger was quiet and peaceful until the early 1960's,
when it became Norway's center for offshore oil
exploration. Between then and now, violent crime and
vandalism in Stavanger have greatly increased.
Stavanager's social problems probably resulted from the
oil boom, since violent crime and vandalism have
remained low in coastal towns in Norway that have had
no oil boom.
5. Which of the following most accurately describes the
method of reasoning employed in the argument?
(A) Arguing that a circumstance is not a precondition
for a phenomenon on the grounds that the
phenomenon sometimes occurs where the
circumstance is not present
(B) Arguing that a circumstance is a cause of a
phenomenon on the grounds that the
phenomenon has not occurred where the
circumstance is not present
(C) Arguing that a particular thing cannot have
caused a phenomenon because that thing was not
present before the phenomenon occurred
(D) Attempting to establish a claim by arguing that
the denial of the claim is inconsistent with the
observed facts
(E) Attempting to establish that certain circumstances
that would have had to occur for a particular
explanation to be correct could not have occurred

我选了B，答案是E。。。
==================================
2 Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth's
subsurface, the seismic-reflection method remains the most
important tool in the search for petroleum reserves. In field
practice, a subsurface is mapped by line arranging a series of
wave-train sources, such as small dynamite explosions, in a
grid pattern. As each source is activated, it generates a
wave train that moves downward at a speed determined
uniquely by the rock's elastic characteristics. As rock
interfaces are crossed, the elastic characteristics
encountered generally change abruptly, which causes part
of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is
recorded by seismic instruments. The seismic records must
be processed to correct for positional differences between
the source and the receiver, for unrelated wave trains, and
for multiple reflections from the rock interfaces. Then the
data acquired at each of the specific source locations are
combined to generate a physical profile of the subsurface,
which can eventually be used to select targets for drilling.

4. According to the passage, in the seismic-reflection
method which of the following have a significant
effect on the signal detected by the seismic
instruments
A presence of unrelated wave trains
B placement of the seismic instruments
C  properties of rocks through which the wave
      train has traveled

答案是ABC，我选了AC，B指的是测震仪拜访的具体位置吗？The seismic records must
be processed to correct for positional differences between
the source and the receiver
这句话有指的是测振仪的placement？

========================================
3 Scholars often fail to see that music played an important
role in the preservation of African culture in the United States.
They correctly note that slavery stripped some cultural
elements from Black people-their political and economic
systems-but they underestimate the significance of music in
sustaining other African cultural values. African music, unlike
the music of some other cultures, was based on a total vision
of life in which music was not an isolated social domain. In
African culture music was pervasive, serving not only religion,
but all phases of life, including birth, death, work, and play.
Music, like art in general, was so inextricably a part of African
culture that it became a crucial means of preserving the
culture during and after the dislocations of slavery.

10. In the argument given , the two highlighted portions
play which of the following roles? （高亮的是头尾两句）
○ A The first sentence introduces the topic of the
passage and the last one summarizes the passage.
○ B The first sentence presents a thesis and the last one
further develops the thesis.
○ C The first sentence summarizes the main idea of the
passage and the last one paraphrases it literally.
○ D The first sentence presents a context for the
discussion of the passage and the last one
summarizes the discussion.
○ E The first sentence presents the negative thesis of the
passage and the last one presents the positive thesis.

我选了A，答案怎么会是E呢。。。
===================================
4 Researchers are finding that in many ways an individual
bacterium is more analogous to a component cell of a
multicellular organism than it is to a free-living,
autonomous organism. Anabaena, a freshwater bacteria is a
case in point. Among photosynthetic bacteria, Anabaena is
unusual: it is capable of both photosynthesis and nitrogen
fixation. Within a single cell, these two biochemical
processes are incompatible: oxygen produced during
photosynthesis, inactivates the nitrogenase required for
nitrogen fixation. In Anabaena communities, however,
these processes can coexist. When fixed nitrogen
compounds are abundant, Anabaena is strictly
photosynthetic and its cells are all alike. When nitrogen
levels are low, however, specialized cells called heterocysts
are produced which lack chlorophyll (necessary for
photosynthesis) but which can fix nitrogen by converting
nitrogen gas into a usable form. Submicroscopic channels
develop which connect the heterocyst cells with the
photosynthetic ones and which are used for transferring
cellular products between the two kinds of Anabaena cells.

9.The author uses the example of Anabaena to illustrate
the
(A) uniqueness of bacteria among unicellular organ-
isms
(B) inadequacy of an existing view of bacteria
(C) ability of unicellular organisms to engage in
photosynthesis
(D) variability of a freshwater bacteria
(E) difficulty of investigating even the simplest
unicellular organisms

答案是B，我不知道该选什么。。

请高手指教。

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ruoyuxuan
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沙发

发表于 2011-8-12 17:12:47 |只看该作者

哦，还有一道~~
5 Over the last 40 years there has been a great increase not
only in the number of agricultural pesticides in use but also
in the care and sophistication with which they are used by
farmers. Nevertheless, the proportion of agricultural crops
lost to certain pests worldwide has increased over the same
period, even when the pests concerned have not developed
resistance to existing pesticides

7. Which of the following, if true. best explains how
improvements in pesticide use have been
accompanied by greater losses to certain pests?
(A) Some dangerous but relatively ineffective
pesticides common 40 years ago are no longer in
widespread use.
(B) As pesticides have become increasingly pest-
specific, controlling certain pests with pesticides
has turned out to cost more in many cases than
the value of crop losses caused by those pests.
(C) Because today's pesticides typically have more
specific application conditions than did
pesticides in use 40 years ago, today's farmers
observe their fields more closely than did farmers
40 years ago.
(D) Certain pest-control methods that some farmers
use today do not involve the use of chemical
pesticides but are just as effective in eliminating
insect pests as those that do.
(E) Forty years ago, much less was known about the
effects of pesticides on humans and other
mammalian species than is now known.

文章说使用的杀虫剂多了，但是crop loss也多了，为什么？
我不知道改选啥，想来想去选了C，也许以前也有Loss但是没有观察到吧。。
答案是B。。。

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ruoyuxuan
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板凳

发表于 2011-8-12 22:30:16 |只看该作者

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地板

发表于 2011-8-13 00:14:10 |只看该作者

lz 想和你讨论阅读，想加你qq，可以吗？我的是568300214

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萝卜须根多
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5楼

发表于 2011-8-13 08:30:47 |只看该作者

1，这个题我觉得也很疑惑，B是说环境是现象的起因，因为当某种环境不存在的时候某现象就不会发生；而E是说一个为了使某种解释正确而不得不存在的环境是可以不存在的。放在这里似乎都可以说得通，你是不是回去看看整篇文章，看看作者的意图是什么，单从这里看，我也无法辨别。也许别的同学能帮个忙。
2，是的，有的，positional differences between the source and the receiver，就是说地震震源和接受者（即这个机器）的位置不同
3，文章第一句是说学者没有发现音乐在保护在美国的非洲文化中起的重要作用(negtive)，结尾是说音乐在废除奴隶制期间及之后都对文化保护起相当大的作用(positive)，中间是说非洲音乐、文化的一些特点。基本上，最后一句不太能说是总结，比较像一个顺成关系。
4，从开头几句Researchers are finding that in many ways an individual bacterium is more analogous to a component cell of a multicellular organism than it is to a free-living, autonomous organism. Anabaena, a freshwater bacteria is a case in point.看出，A就是用来说明主旨句的。不过这里我有点疑问，全文有没有意向表明这个句子是对细菌认识的不足，如果没有，真是迷惑啊
5，感觉是逻辑判断啊，选项不是文中提到的，而是要你判断如果选项是真的，那么就会怎样怎样。

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6楼

发表于 2011-8-13 11:32:21 |只看该作者

感谢萝卜~~！！
1. 恩，我跟你想的一样
2.OMG，我怎么总是会无端地无视一些词汇。。。比如这个receiver。。。太蠢了。。
3.谢谢，明白了~！
4.我跟你想的一样，因为全文都没有说“不足”，所以这题我选不来。。。不知道哪位同学能看出哪句话表示出了“不足”的意向
5.如果B是真的，也就是说杀虫剂变得更加贵了，比虫害会造成的loss还贵。所以引发推理，农民甚至都放弃用杀虫剂了，就让虫害盛行，所以产生了文中所说的结果？对吗？

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7楼

发表于 2011-8-14 17:30:01 |只看该作者

1.我也选的B。
4.我也选的A，而且B答案明显是有一些语句歧义。
以上几题，文章内容比GRE阅读的文章要拖沓、逻辑性也不是很清晰。

补充，个人感觉，这几篇阅读是中国人拿了一些英文的篇章，自己编的题目，编的答案。
这样的问题和答案并不太严谨，也有一些语法问题。
个人不建议在复习GRE期间，使用中国人编写的题目。