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电梯直达

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发表于 2004-7-18 14:11:34 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

说明：限于时间，狒狒仅对训练做浅层次的研究，并将摘录重点于下。该研究报告将保持更新状态，会根据作业例文进行不断的填充和完善，有任何建议和意见的朋友请跟贴，更欢迎大家参加训练，完成训练的题目供狒狒当作利文使用。谢谢！

1。1略

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1。2
两个都好不等于两个一样好（1。2）
人家既然提出more来了，你不可能不去对比。至于比出来是不是把more给比成equal了，人家无所谓也不管——只要比了就行（1。2）

菠萝的特训作业
issue192 "Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful and cautious planning."

The speaker asserts people are more likely to attain success when taking chances or risks than planning carefully and cautiously. However, after comparing the characteristics of careful planning and taking chances, I strongly hold that they are of the same importance in the pursuit of success.(很清晰而且概括性很强的简练开头但就全面性考虑，所比较的characteristics是否能和body中做比较的各方面的加和作为全等，这也就和我做的280解析之一的处处呼应，等同之处产生了小问题。)

In competitive sports（方面1）, while making appropriate training plans and effective competition strategies constitute necessary conditions of winning the matches, taking risks is almost inevitable when athletes or their coaches confront a sudden matter that might influence the course of a match and that has not been taken into consideration beforehand.（两者等同重要。那么其中有一个问题：a sudden matter出现的概率要小的多，那么如何能够比较出等同重要来？所以狒狒认为，这里的sudden matter用得不好。竞技体育的出乎意料性并非是突发事件的结果。可以改换一下） In modern competitive sports, it is widely acknowledged that scientific and effective training contributes to athletes’ better performance during matches. Good competition strategies, on the other hand, resulting in the better allocation of physical force, better use of skills or the higher rate in scoring, also play a vital role. However, when the star players of a soccer team or a basketball team are off the game or fail to implement their chief coach's strategic intention, leaving the whole team in adverseness, the coach faces the choice whether to substitute he/she or not. No doubt substituting a star player with a bench player means taking risk because the bench player may not perform as good as the star player and may make matters worse. If this happens, the substitution will incur discontentment of the players and critique from the team's fans, media and the boss（罗嗦了）. The capability of the coach may then be suspected and he/she may even be fired. Nevertheless, if the coach dares not to take the risk to substitute a poorly performed star player, his/her team will probably lose the game. Taking chances and risks is reasonable when one is dealing with something that has not been taken into consideration previously. So, in competitive sports, planning and risking are both necessary.（狒狒认为，例子给的不好。教练不可能总是换下明星队员，那么概率问题又产生了，不冒险赢十场，冒险赢一场，那么两者就作用一样了吗？很难得出结论来。）

In academic fields（方面2）, careful and cautious planning is required for large projects and application disciplines while revolutionary scientific breakthroughs are almost impossible without taking chances or risks（狒狒感觉方面2比方面1选取的好）. Before starting the research project on human genome, scientists had already made plans on the content and method of the research（比较方之一）. They did not have to take any chances or risks because all they should do have already been carefully planned（不敢苟同）. There were no technical obstacles that had not been solved. Therefore, they just followed the plan step by step and accomplished the project in the end（我晕。。有这么顺利吗？尽管例子要做到为我所用，但也不能这样写吧~）. As for significant scientific breakthroughs, they are the important discoveries and theories that disaccord, at least to some extent, with established principles or our intuitions, such as the Theory of Relativity and quantum mechanics. One has no choice but to take chances because established theories may not be applicable on the boundary of what is known and what is unknown. Only after being examined through experiments, practices and observations, can they be confirmed or belied. In a word, planning and taking chances or risks are different means for different levels of academic researches.（结论得出来了，但是否符合thesis所说的of the same importance呢？显而易见，两者是不全等的）

In the business world（比较方面3）, cautious planning contributes to the long-term development of a company and at the same time, risking is imperative for a company to survive, develop and thrive in the highly competitive society. Planning carefully on inquiring market, training stuff and manufacturing products ensure a company's long-term development by keeping its profit increasing or at least not declining. On the other hand, taking risks, such as incorporating with another company, involving in the market fields that have already been occupied by other enterprises or involving in the market fields that are not considered so profitable, is also necessary because these may save the company from the adversity or help to set foot in new businesses. Clearly, in the business field, planning and risking complement each other.（问题同body2）

To conclude, success in any realm of life comes equally from taking chances or risks and from careful and cautious planning. In most cases, they complement each other and pave the way towards success.

（从菠萝的文章看imong的特训1。2，感觉不是很成功。比较了两者，那么得出等同重要这个结论之前还缺少了一些东西。换言之：做了比较，为什么，如何，他们就同等重要了呢？这个问题狒狒认为只是回避了，而没有确切实际的讨论。另外，几乎三个body的结论都不直接支持thesis，也就是说，没有达到3者加起来就是thesis的要求，另外，any realm是否可以就这三个realm来作为充分的代表？狒狒不得不再次质疑。）

（针对imong特训报告之1）

推广问题待详议……

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1.3
所谓1+1与得寸进尺者，指的就是具有类似结构的题目：可以分为前后两半部分，并且可以看出作者认为两部分间有一定程度的递进关系（例如因果）。

……所以说，这类题目实际上相当的好写。实际上我认为这类题目除了前后均同意原题的时候可能展开还略费心神之外，只要前后出现一处反对或者拆分关键字，那就根本不愁展开了，明确论点例证（或理证）支持一篇文章很轻松就能出来。今天特地把1+1这类题目挑出来说，不仅是为这个类型的题目做一个概括性的分析，同时也是借机体现一下破题和构思中的发散思维与brainstorm.

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1。4
1．倾向不能拿来证明事实
2．不涉及价值判断的事实不能拿来证明倾向

（事实和倾向性命题：是哪中命题，我们就应该立出哪种相应的立意来，立意和命题必须做到相符。也就是说，事实性命题对事实性立意：这种事实是否属实。倾向性的，立意应该围绕是否要采取这种倾向，所举的事实例子是否能够体现出倾向来）

Issue174 特训作业之Chap1_4 by sarahong
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=207358

174 "Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places."
（题目大体看来是个倾向性的题目，从特训角度来看。狒狒这样破题：法律不应当a，相反，法律应当b[a的对立面]来满足1.2.3。思考：现状[事实性]——法律是否是a, 是a,则如何不能满足1.2.3;不是a[即b]则如何能够满足1.2.3；[倾向性]——情况1：事实a的话不能满足1.2.3所以采取b；事实b的话，如果a则不能满足1.2.3，所以采取b正确）
（总：题目不太难写，且给出了三个conditioning的具体，关键在于破题时写作者的观点，并由此而立论）

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1。5

AW考察的是逻辑，而对逻辑背后的价值观在“一定的水平上”是完全包容的。明确你的判断标准是什么，把这个标准拿去实施评价，说清楚这个“评价”的过程和结论，文章就能够写出来了。
破解和回应的思路并不存在固定的套路和模式，无论怎么写，只要自己先明确：我为什么支持/反对？我的判断标准是什么？就好。而当你能够再进一步，分析出你的对立观点背后的价值标准的时候，就可以把它拿出来放到文章里面去批判了。

该核心是一个判断标准价值标准的问题。之所以上升到了这样一个高度，狒狒不得不提醒考生，AWA考的是思维而不是纯粹的作文，也就是说，你所写的要是你所想的，而不能流于形式而没有思想。狒狒多次在修改作文时提到：你的论证是否能够说服你自己？问题就在于好多作文不是一个思想表达的过程，切记：AWA是一个说理的过程，辩论的过程。明确了这些，才能上升一个高度来谈论和参与追星剑的特训

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1。6

如果题目里面出现了详细的展开（有破折号，such as等），直接照着这个展开继续下去是个不错的思路，尤其是出现了every aspect和any field的时候。当然，手头的准备和素材要够用才行，如果没把握洋洋洒洒的展开下去，可能还是要另找入手点，把原因说清楚。

怎么写”成case analysis. 正确的做法应当是：明确对case进行区分和界定的这个“纲”，并且严格按照“纲”来展开分析。例如上面的No matter what the situation，如果从这里入手，肯定是提出situation不同。有的人可能写成：Thesis : Different situations different conclusions, for example when A … how ever when B的样子。而同样的内容有的人可能写成：Thesis: The conclusion depend on a specific quality of the situation. When quality=A ….. However when quality=B … 在这里：后者对situation的quality的明确，对文章有很大的提升和帮助，效果就比前者大为加强。可以看出，前者只是识别了不同的场合下的happening，而后者从开始就提出场合不同背后实质性的性质差异，然后依照这一差异进行展开。

新手的问题之一是字数上不去，或者不知道如何展开。这片讲拆分把以往诸多这方面的问题解决得很不错了。其实无论分方面还是分条件来讲，定下一个区分度之后（相同的分类标准）展开来问题不是很大，其间又涉及到了新手和熟手写同一个拆分的高度不同，其实很简单，一层纸说明说破就好~这个可以强化的注意，写的时候形成习惯就好

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1。7略

具体的练习~~
详情见 https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=203950

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[追星剑特训] 针对imong特训报告chapter1部分[Update：07/19/2004] [复制链接]

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