Russian national relations theory and policy changes

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the writer is the chinese academy of social sciences, eastern europe, central asia researcher at the institute covers a lot of eastern europe, central asia ethnic relations theory in the article. between china's national conditions and the agency's administrative status, please select the essence to its dross denial of the various ethnic groups increasingly close and be completely uniform and consistent, the formation of a new historical community of all ethnic groups - the soviet people tried to avoid the formulation of national self-determination and ethnic equality, to dilute the national consciousness; the harmonization of national principles that highlight the history of the theory and policy has been formed, to maintain the unified sovereignty of the russian federation; the civil rights of all ethnic groups with equality, advocating human and civil rights vindication of national rights; critical for the soviet-era national cultural autonomy theory to confirm the principle of national cultural autonomy through legislation.
key words russian national relationship between national cultural autonomy principle
[introduction] chen zhao, born in 1937, now researcher at the chinese academy of social sciences, institute of eastern europe and central asia. (100007)
is well known that the soviet union, the founding nearly 70 years, in a large-scale ethnic separatist movements in the disintegration of russia as the successor states of the soviet union, is also more than 100 ethnic composition of the federal state, the situation of ethnic relations after independence with the soviet union on the eve of broadly similar. therefore, the russian theorists and political leaders is bound to reflect on the past soviet-era ethnic relations theory and policy, publicity in the past some of the traditional ethnic relations theory point of view to be amended, trying to put forward is basically in line with the national conditions of the russian federation national relations theory and policy. first, the theoretical circles of the russian soviet era propaganda , the various national legal and de facto equality theoretical point of view of the flattening of the ethnic regions economic and cultural levels of development the relationship between rights, the status of the russian nation to discuss and put forward the basic principles and main tasks of the russian national policy.
a former soviet union, and processing of national self-determination of national self-determination and the principle of dual sovereignty countries
one of the core theory of ethnic relations, the soviet union set up the declaration and treaty, three soviet-era constitution in fact still continue to recognize the right of peoples to self-determination. at first, lenin led the russian proletarian revolution and against the tsarist autocracy struggle was oppressed peoples have the right to self-determination has three meanings: ① the oppressed nations enjoy political autonomy and independence to get rid of the tsarist autocracy, namely the establishment of the rights of their own nation-state; ② under socialist conditions, the implementation of regional ethnic autonomy is also a kind of national self-determination manifestations; ③ recognition of all ethnic groups to participate in the state and social management, including decisions and manage the national affairs, equal rights and democratic rights. this theory on the creation of the ussr, the formation of federalism and ethnic relations had a significant impact especially established in the soviet union treaties and three in the constitution not only recognizes the right of peoples to self-determination, and given the status of sovereign state republics, are free to withdraw from the union, thus forming a double principle of sovereign states, which is without precedent in world history.
russian theorists and politicians from the collapse of the soviet union learned that lenin's formulation of national self-determination means that every nation has the right to establish their own state, and only by recognizing the political independence of the nation to nation with the legal existence of the foundation, in fact, control, even control of the cultural and information space; a number of other national (small nation) will follow their uneasy at their situation and seek national self-determination under the slogan of protest, called for the establishment of their own national political organization, even engaged in ethnic separatism and violence activities in view of the russian federation and the former soviet republics are multi-ethnic country, it should be understand a country's various ethnic groups in this country is living in the country of all peoples, rather than a nation's national self-determination should be understood as ; should use the the reference to the right of union, russia theoretical circles is basically to be negative because this form of the constitution the principle of dual sovereignty, in fact fighting for independence for ethnic separation and disintegration of the soviet union to create legal basis. at present, russian theorists and politicians in public, try to avoid open to mention the right of peoples to self-determination, and gradually weakening the sense of national self-determination in the form of new legislation, the abolition of the sovereignty of the republic of the words and the free retirement league rights, for example, released in 1992 the republics of the russian federation signed a treaty to join the russian federation strongly emphasized, it should be maintain and safeguard the history of the russian federation has been formed on the reunification of the country, the implementation of national self-determination within the national territory of the russian federation, federal central federal subjects divided permissions on a voluntary basis, while the main authority of the federation within its competence and in independent implementation of power within their respective regions, in compliance with federal national sovereignty, but also to comply with the federal subjects of the sovereignty of the universal declaration of here, the sovereignty of the national republics and other federal entities have to be limiting. back in 1993, adopted in december the new russian constitution only mentioned in the preface to the reunification of the country under the premise has been formed in the maintenance history,hermes, the recognized national self-determination, not covered by the national self-determination in the formal provisions of the constitution on the issue of national sovereignty, constitutional adhere to the dominant position of the russian federation central announced the russian federation has sovereignty, and federal sovereignty over its entire territory, with the supremacy of the constitution of the russian federation and federal laws in the whole territory of the russian federation, russian federation state to protect its own territorial integrity and inviolability of the constitution of the russian federation did not explicitly said to cancel the sovereignty of the republic and other federal subjects, but this aspect of the provision in june. in 1996, russian president boris yeltsin approved the release of the russian federation state national policy concept, and the sovereignty of the federal subjects, in fact, from the legislation formally abolished the republic and the sovereign status of other federal entities, and thus provide a legal basis for the elimination of the secession of ethnic separatism.
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on the federal state system for administrative regional autonomy of ethnic regional autonomy and local-based federalism, contribute to the maintenance of the russian federation, national unity and territorial integrity, russian theoretical sector has also started a lively discussion, there are three viewpoints:
first, improvement and development of the existing federal system, federal state system of regional ethnic autonomy and local administrative autonomy, both combined with the principle, the main representative of the ethnic affairs commission of the russian federation council chairman abdul quarter bove he prove that the world and russian history. not the center of the rigid centralized unitary state but a federal state is the most stable, an important reason for the collapse of the russian autocracy and the collapse of the soviet union was highly centralized unitary system pursued by the russian empire, deprived of the right to autonomy of ethnic minorities, and the former soviet union the name of federalism but in fact the union's centralized unitary state, but also the lack of democracy and the rule of law now, in the form of centralization is not suitable for the diversity of russian culture, especially the various nationalities of the russian federation today is not the old conditions, their cultural development, living conditions have changed a lot with this, the national self-consciousness and the nation needs is growing, the rigid and centralized unitary system is not competent to manage a variety of colorful cultural functions he advocated as reasonable separation of powers between the federal central authorities and the federal subjects, and to improve the federal system as the primary means of easing ethnic conflicts and the prevention of ethnic separation, leading to the mistakes of the russian federation repeat the collapse of the soviet union.
two advocates repeal of the current federal system, the establishment of a centralized unitary state, its main representative of the president of the russian liberal democratic party vladimir zhirinovsky. he believes that russia has more than 100 ethnic groups, now that every nation has its own compromise in dissatisfaction, are trying to seek the things they need, therefore, the occurrence of ethnic c