Ω 草莓酱拌饭小组Ω BY单眼皮VS肿眼皮——耐住寂寞，努力沉淀，戒除浮躁

霁月难逢UID：2718354

赞眼皮~

霁月难逢UID：2718354

57# dairyman  
哼哼。。不公。。
Napery 发表于 2009-11-1 10:52

我无良的把不公看成了老公...

单眼皮vs肿眼皮UID：2705887

[追星剑特训]之笔记及读后感

1.3 1+1 得寸进尺
issue52. "Education encourages students to question and criticize, and therefore does little to promote social harmony."

题目由两部分组成。首先作者提出Education encourages这一命题，并随后therefore得出Education does little to promote social harmony。前后两部分是比较明显的因果关系——作者是这么认为。再看一个例子：
issue226. "people are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience."

前半提出了一个illusion的存在，后半提出这个illusion will eventually be dispelled. 所谓1+1与得寸进尺者，指的就是具有类似结构的题目：可以分为前后两半部分，并且可以看出作者认为两部分间有一定程度的递进关系（例如因果）。
破题的首要思路当然是对题目做出正面回应。首先作者提出Education encourages students to question and criticize这一事实性命题（注意这里不是倾向性命题，关于事实性命题和倾向性命题的关系下次专门谈），那么作为回应，必须确立自己的观点：到底我自己认为，Education是不是encourage students to question and criticize的？根据不同人的不同背景经历，立刻能够得到丰富的答案：例如，在中学或者大学度过了美好时光在专业学术上正在大展才华，因而对本校的教育很满意的人，可能就立刻回应“同意作者论点”并以自身为例；而曾饱受应试教育摧残高中摧残到考大学大学摧残到考硕士研究生外加自己颇有些愤青思想的人，可能就要趁机大骂作者胡说了；甚至更进一步的，如果有人把眼光放远些之后，例如同时考虑到各个国家之间差别及其影响时，可能就正好用上Chapter1.1里面提到过的Terminology的方法，把Education这个concept给细细梳理先——来个不同国家Education不一样，然后再确立详细的论点——不同Education做法不一样。当然还有更多的可能的态度，在此不一一列举。

前半的写法就已然如此丰富，而1+1这类题目的魅力就在于，前后两部分交叉起来，可能的论点总是花样儿层出不穷的。继续看：

同意前半Education encourage student to question and criticize的人，对后半的看法可能截然不同。例如，有人认为，按照古训，民总是愚的好，要是都enlighten了那还了得，一个个都能对社会评三评四例如对政府政策来个冷言冷语蛊惑人心的话整个社会马上就乱掉，的确是对social harmony大大的不利——这就是一种看法。与其恰好相反的看法，则是提出question and criticize是为发展带来的契机，通过发现问题解决问题整个社会得到进步，然后整体的social harmony得到促进和提高，同时再找个历史上的某个时期教育搞得好同时社会超级和谐的例子——又是一种观点。相应的，如果用Terminology的方法把social harmony给拆掉，仍然可以写得出来。

花样儿远不止这几种。对前面反对Education encourages的人而言，后面有可能继续反对，有可能反过来却去支持，有可能拆Terminology，甚至加上前面不同Education对应后面不同的与social harmony的关系，等等。统计学的乘法原理在这里一用，就会发现可能的论点是翻着番儿的增加。

而上文的issue226的破题，简单说来就是：题目前半提出人们的看法是个illusion，是吗？——是/不是/取决于历史条件/社会背景…；后半提出illusion的消除，能消掉吗？——能/不能/不一定/根本不是illusion何谈的“消”……潜在写法的丰富程度根本不亚于刚才分析的issue52，只要明确破题思路，做出正面response，找到支持你的看法的论据，一篇文章的构架就基本出来了。


1.4 Is vs should 事实与倾向
在新东方的北美范文精选上有个结论型和问题解决型的分类，我觉得is实际就相当于结论型，should相当于问题解决型。结论型的思路是分析题目观点成立的基础（原因），再提出自己的position，而问题解决型的思路是分析题目的解决方法，并提出自己的方法。

1.5 Not but 选择题
issue5. "A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."

issue193. "It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social transformations that have the most lasting significance."

一道是should题目，一道是is题目。但共同点在于，都有一个二选一的元素在题目中。仔细看，前一道的rather than，后一道的not…but…，可以说，分别指明了所讨论话题的两个极端。从这类题目开始谈谈。

观点迥异不是问题，AW考察的是逻辑，而对逻辑背后的价值观在“一定的水平上”是完全包容的。明确你的判断标准是什么，把这个标准拿去实施评价，说清楚这个“评价”的过程和结论，文章就能够写出来了。

1.6 Conditioning 拆分
Chapter1.1 Terminology讲的是对题干的进行识别分析拆分定义etc，而如果题目里面出现了详细的展开（有破折号，such as等），直接照着这个展开继续下去是个不错的思路，尤其是出现了every aspect和any field的时候。当然，手头的准备和素材要够用才行，如果没把握洋洋洒洒的展开下去，可能还是要另找入手点，把原因说清楚。

这也是我为什么把这次Chapter1.6的标题定作Conditioning而不是实际上通篇都在谈的case by case. 光知道Case不够，condition要明确。后者才是决定性的。（决定了：以后使用conditioning这个词代替case by case，nod…… ）


2.1 Education 教育
不管是认为“教育是培养人的过程”也好，不管是认为“教育的核心在于教师和学生两者”也好，只要有自己的基本观点——自己能够站得住脚，不被自己两三下就问倒的基本观点，就不会“晕”题材了。多问自己些“是什么”“为什么”的问题，就能够确定自己进行发挥和展开的基础了。【这一点很重要，多问自己what and why, 再加上how】


1.目的
   
     不论哪一类的题目，教育的目的绝对都是一个关键的话题，直接讨论的题目也不算少数。就我看来目的要分作用事物的方面来看，侧重点会不一样，而目的的实现与否，则直接关系到教育的效率。讨论的时候，既可以分开并列，也可以一层一层递进。
对社会：
我觉得有两方面，一是为社会输送有用的人才，通过他们所学得知识促进社会的进步；一是塑造人们的品德和约束他们的行为，以保证社会处在平和中而维持其稳定。
   
    对文化；
通过教育，人类的文化遗产才得以保存与流传甚至通过一定的修正才发扬光大，促使社会也进步，而对于文化中与政府所控制的社会的稳定有一定冲突的是否会会遭到抑制甚至排除我则表示保留的肯定，因为教育的施放者的关系，在不同学校，不同老师（包括家庭，社会）的情况的会略有不同。
   
102"For better or worse, education is a process that involves revising the ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past."

1．教育使得文化和知识得以延续
2．教育对学生传授知识的同时，学生被培养的自身的思想会修订这些ideas, beliefs, values
3．这些修订对社会进步的帮助。

104"It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears."

1．同上
2．教育是由政府所控制的，它当然会处于对社会目的的考虑，选择性进行教育
3．由于根深蒂固的思想，宣扬的的东西多半会被接受。不宣扬的文化就有很多被遗忘
4．（没话说再加吧，有点跑题）又由于人类好奇的天性和民主社会对怀疑的鼓励，没有被宣扬的东西，总会被一小撮人发掘，一部分颠覆了旧的过时的体系，即哪里更好的文化，一部分则威胁社会的安定。

    对学生：
通过教授课程既使学生掌握谋生的技术，又培养学生思考的能力，比如判断是非，寻找真相（逻辑啊，理智啊），还有就是完善人们的思想包括品德，行为等等（甚至可以发散到开启心灵，内心平和），对学生的作用又可以直接作用到他们的工作，作品，进而社会。这个又直接关系到教育的另两个部分，就是教育的内容和社会目的。

swolf54UID：2421931

56# 单眼皮vs肿眼皮
哇，看MJ都能想到作文题。。。。想到了一句话：优秀是一种状态！！！
向眼皮学习啊~~~~

单眼皮vs肿眼皮UID：2705887

[追星剑特训]之笔记及心得

2.3 Learning 学习
Agreement or Disagreement

1."We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."
122. "We owe almost all our knowledge not to people who have agreed, but to people who have disagreed."

两个题目基本上是互相反对的，但涉及的主题都是：AGREEMENT/DISAGREEMENT IN LEARNING 需要注意的是，无论对这两者的分析论述如何，最终都必须落到learning/knowledge上面，这也是最近几天写这个题目的习作中的通病。

001：
1）从学习知识的过程（初始阶段由无到有的过程是需要将自己已经接受的事实深化并在其基础上教新知识），DISAGREE
2）学习过程中大部分时间都是在理解和深化所学，在这个过程中，以模仿和吸收为主，与自己意见相同的，容易接受（学校的教育以介绍基本相容的理论为主）（初始阶段）
3）但随着学习的深化，和对理论的掌握，对于与其相斥的理论也会有相应的思考，从中学习（高级阶段，有极强的学习能力和判断能力后）
4）这两种都是学习知识的必经之路，要正确处理他们之间的关系，BALANCE（没有初始的理解，无法用理论反驳）
5）END

【我觉得这个观点很新颖，分阶段论述】

pooh的观点：

我认为没有任何两个人的对于同一事物的认识是完全相同的 如果观点差不多，得到的相互鼓励和信心要多一些，从而促进研究，但是也会产生一定的盲目性。 如果观点有差异，相互的交流和质疑，实际上是一个相互启发和探讨的过程，会加深对问题的认识。但是有个必不可少的前提，就是要建立在相互尊重，虚心学习的基础上，若只是为了辩论捍卫自己的观点，而对对方的观点和理由充耳不闻。这种理念的导引下不但不会有所促进，还会刚愎自用，将自己的思维限制在狭小的空间内，cause stress and inhibit learning

knowledge experience and imagine
学习题材 第二组 57 73 117 164 204
57. "The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is much richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience."
73. "In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge."
117. "The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience."
164. "Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes."
204. "We learn through direct experience; to accept a theory without experiencing it is to learn nothing at all."

前后前统计一下基本上是这几个：认为knowledge>experience的，experience>knowledge的，imagination>experience的，imagination>knowledge的。

【这里面对imagination的理解分为了两类：】

Main Entry:imagination
Pronunciation:i-*ma-j*-*n*-sh*n
Function:noun
Etymology:Middle English, from Middle French, from Latin imagination-, imaginatio, from imaginari
Date:14th century

1 : the act or power of forming a mental image of something not present to the senses or never before wholly perceived in reality
2 a : creative ability  b : ability to confront and deal with a problem : RESOURCEFULNESS  c : the thinking or active mind : INTEREST *stories that fired the imagination*
3 a : a creation of the mind;  especially   : an idealized or poetic creation  b : fanciful or empty assumption
我们可以看看W-M上对imagination的解释，尤其是第二，三个的涵义，从广义而言，可以将imagination理解为creativity/ the ability to create，关键是人们头脑create出来的东西有有用和无用之分，无用的大抵归为daydreaming或者别的空想，而有用的就可以促进知识的发展，推动社会进步。

【一是把imagination理解为与creation有关的; 一是理解为对神，神秘事件的猜测】

关于imagination我的看法
的确，in ancient times, people know little about nature. 所以often involved gods and the like.所以有些人认为是distorted reflection of reality and wish
但是，现在随着知识进步，imagination becomes more or less scientific
in fact, if man limited his mind to what he knows in reality, he could never learn anything new.


TAKING COURSES ------ SCIENCE ARTS OR ETHICS
第三组 14 34 80 106 158
14. "It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature."

34. "Instead of requiring students to take courses in a variety of disciplines—that is, courses ranging from the arts and the humanities to the physical and biological sciences—colleges and universities should allow students to enroll only in those courses that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields. Such concentration is necessary in today's increasingly work-oriented society."

80. "All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even if they have no interest in science."

106. "All students should be required to take at least one course in ethics, even if taking the course means a decreased emphasis on academic subjects."

158. The arts (music, dance, visual arts, etc.) are vitally important to students' education and should therefore receive as much emphasis as mathematics, science, reading and other mainstream subjects."

总结一下：主要观点缩水一下就是必须学SCIENCE的，必须学ETHICS的，有必要学ART的，ART暴重要应当得到提升地位的，然后只钻专业不管其它的。基本上各个方向差不多都有一些。

关于34，可以参考90题
主要涉及的课程应丰富多彩，还是应针对未来的工作（90题是兴趣vs工作）
这个问题我认为应两边兼顾
而且，学习这两类课程不是矛盾的，如只有在广泛学习个基础课后，才能找出自己的兴趣，并找到自己的就业方向【就是要在两者直接找到一个平衡点，强调某一方都有可能失之偏颇】
学校要做的就是keep the balance 问题

单眼皮vs肿眼皮UID：2705887

针对我的思维跳跃的问题，挖到imong一篇好文章
https://bbs.gter.net/showthread.php?s=&threadid=162385

从coherence出发谈到了不少东西，最后不妨还是回到coherence上面。我目前想到的tips其实不多，也就是两三点：
1．说完了上句说下句，而不是说下下句，或者下下下句。（当然更不能说前句或者前前句）不要以为下句可以默认就直接说下下句，要是你默认了人家默认不过来，人家就只好犯嘀咕了。【我就是经常默认。。。】
2．注意transition的使用。不要吝啬手里的Therefore啦，yet啦，however啦，这些词很多的，用到正点儿上，把前后给穿插组织起来，安排好，well-organized。（当然有两件事情绝对禁止：第一，通篇全是because，都该以为你连since都不会用了，拜托花样多一点；第二，不管三七二十一前面是我睡觉后面就therefore我吃饭，这样写的话谁看谁跳楼的。）
3．前后句的意群要能联系起来。例如这种第一句是地球，第二句是蚂蚁，第三句变成Matrix III的肯定不行。例如一开始说帅，就从帅说下去。第一句说帅是重要因素，那下一句肯定还是和帅挂钩的，例如帅的程度，帅的评定，目前谁帅谁不帅，等等。一环扣一环，行文是有结构而紧凑的，而不是下跳棋。举个小例子，你的第一句说到了某个关键字，第二句有时候就会有this，that指代上去，一定程度上表明了you are still staying around the certain topic.当然，这一点不是绝对的，只是一个个例，但从一定程度上能说明问题。

【说一件事，就围绕着这件事来谈，如果脑子闪现过其他念头，跳到那个念头上的话，也许要给听众一点提示，不能默认听众是跟着你跳的。这也许就是transition过渡过去；还有，就是说事情，一定要说重点，无关紧要，东拉西扯的事情扯进来，当然比较乱了】

单眼皮vs肿眼皮UID：2705887

对于issue7 的最初的乱七八糟的想法，提纲还没列。
I7 ''The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.''

1. 题目要说明的是VC more important than W
2. VC的好处：
     1）相比W而言，更能全面，准确的还原所记录的事件的本身；
     2）客观；W则带有作者的主观意识；VC多方面记录事件，从图形，声音
     3）易保存，节省空间，查询方便；W容易坏，易丢失
     4）VC可以动态的记录
3. 在其他condition下，W又有VC所不能及的优点
     1）方便，快速记录，精简，浓缩
     2）VC 必须得从头记到尾，比较费时，费耗材（比如胶带，U盘。。。）
4. 上升的角度想：VC代表科技的一种进步，W代表旧的文化，传统习惯——document的记录，也经历了原始到科技的过程，比如原始社会，用扎绳的方法，垣壁上刻字的方法；因此VC比W进步，因此也会越来越重要；【但我想，要这样写，会不会有些偏题】

dairymanUID：2683905

非常不错的提纲，小眼皮子厉害啊，我对于这个issue始终没有太多思路呢，最要命的是，科学地叙述各种好处，比如易保存，节省空间，查询方便，感觉用英语说出来内容特别少，没什么篇幅和说服力似的

单眼皮vs肿眼皮UID：2705887

非常不错的提纲，小眼皮子厉害啊，我对于这个issue始终没有太多思路呢，最要命的是，科学地叙述各种好处，比如易保存，节省空间，查询方便，感觉用英语说出来内容特别少，没什么篇幅和说服力似的
dairyman 发表于 2009-11-2 19:59

感觉用英语说出来内容少
这个确实是一个bug，我回去好好想了想~。。。即使内容很好，还要再经历将中文转换成英文的过程，先不说语言驾驭能力得多强，还要你的读者能够明白你的意思，你的闪光点，ms很难滴。
于是今天尝试着定义题目中的几个关键词，用英文来搜索，google，wiki都是很不错的东东，一下就搜到我想要的，表达也在那里，不用我再去中文转换成英文，弄巧成拙导致中文读者不明白，英文读者也困惑。
难怪，总是听前辈们说，要用英文来思考问题，直接用google.com来搜索英文的题材，我当时还不以为然——乃们的英语那么好了，我基础那么差，搜到的材料都读不懂，光理解材料就花N多时间，还写毛啊！
现在看来，也不尽然。搜到自己感兴趣的题材，然后发散出去，就是很好的一篇有别于他人思想的issue。【跟着奶男一起YY一下】
成文还得等到下午，让我们拭目以待吧！↖(^ω^)↗

dairymanUID：2683905

我们么么就快了，来嘛来嘛，我们和小爪子一起么么

单眼皮vs肿眼皮UID：2705887

说到关键词，我感觉我上面列的似乎有些跑题嘞。。。o(︶︿︶)o唉

单眼皮vs肿眼皮UID：2705887

今天又重读追星剑系列的Terminology了，感受又不一样，颇得些灵感——对I7的分析。希望下次开会的时候草莓MM不要再发火了，搞得人好怕怕！其实周二的开会，我直接失眠，所以第二天re-meeting也没好好再分析。

单眼皮vs肿眼皮UID：2705887

That vs. Which

Rule 1.	Who refers to people. That and which refer to groups or things.
	Examples:	Anya is the one who rescued the bird.
		Lokua is on the team that won first place.
		She belongs to an organization that specializes in saving endangered species.

Rule 2.	That introduces essential clauses while which introduces nonessential clauses.
	Examples:	I do not trust products that claim "all natural ingredients" because this phrase can mean almost anything.
		We would not know which products were being discussed without the that clause.
		The product claiming "all natural ingredients," which appeared in the Sunday newspaper, is on sale.
		The product is already identified. Therefore, which begins a nonessential clause.
	NOTE:	Essential clauses do not have commas surrounding them while nonessential clauses are surrounded by commas.

Rule 3.	If this, that, these, or those has already introduced an essential clause, you may use which to introduce the next clause, whether it is essential or nonessential.
	Examples:	That is a decision which you must live with for the rest of your life.
		Those ideas, which we've discussed thoroughly enough, do not need to be addressed again.
	NOTE:	Often, you can streamline your sentence by leaving out which.
	Example:	That is a decision which you must live with for the rest of your life.
	Better:	That is a decision you must live with for the rest of your life.

单眼皮vs肿眼皮UID：2705887

真是愁，我一点都找不出scandals的useful function来呢？
昨天写了I185，可是今天回头看，真想撕了它。语言干瘪，无例子支撑，逻辑混乱。:dizzy:
找了几个网上的——
The people who benefit from scandalsPolitical sex scandals can bring down careers and ruin reputations — but there's always someone who wins in the end. In many cases, former staffers, ex-lovers and turncoat friends have not only come away from a scandal with higher profiles and fatter wallets. Be it through book deals, contracts, pay-offs, or lawsuits, the hangers-on find ways to cash in.

Doug Hampton

Hampton had been working Sen. John Ensign to get as much out of this scandal as possible before it broke in the national media last month. So far, he and his wife, Cynthia Hampton - both formerly close with the senator - have been given $96,000 worth of "gifts" from Ensign's parents. Both Hamptons and their son, Brandon Hampton, were on Ensign's and the National Republican Senatorial Committee's payroll while the affair was going on. Cynthia Hampton's salary reportedly doubled during that time, as well, though Ensign's camp says she also took on additional duties.

Levi Johnston

Johnston, the 19-year-old father of Bristol Palin's baby, took to the national stage to air grievances against the Palins soon after the November 2008 election. On "The Tyra Banks Show," he claimed that the Palins were keeping him away from his baby boy - and said that he and Bristol had practiced safe sex "most of the time." Weeks later, he graced the pages of GQ magazine with his young son, all the while continuing his media sprint by appearing on "Larry King Live" and "Good Morning America." Johnston, who is pursuing modeling contracts and a book deal, invited reporters to a meeting on Thursday to explain his theory for the Alaska governor's recent resignation: greed.


Linda Tripp

Tripps's taped phone calls with Monica Lewinsky were the centerpiece of the case against President Clinton. Her 15 minutes of fame were spent being prominently featured in articles and on cable news shows — for more than a year. In 2003, she pocketed a $595,000 settlement from the U.S. government, which had leaked details from her security file to the media during the course of the Clinton investigation. That same year she appeared on "Larry King Live," sporting a major makeover, to discuss her battle with breast cancer and to revisit her role in the Lewinsky scandal.

Andrew Young

The former aide who initially took the fall for John Edwards's philandering is now alleging victimization at the hands of the media and the Edwards family. Young, who says he was paid to take in a pregnant Rielle Hunter, is now at odds with the Edwards family and plans to air his grievances in a tell-all book that he is peddling to publishers.

Ashley Alexandra Dupre
After this call-girl was caught with former governor Eliot Spitzer, she shared her thoughts on "20/20" - and now has a record contract and rumors of television show in the works. In the weeks after The New York Times revealed her name to the public, she is expected to have made thousands from a downloadable song. Both Hustler and Penthouse have offered her as much as $1 million to pose for their publications.
Kristin Davis

Davis — known as the Manhattan Madam — has illustrated her entrepreneurship and written an exposé that shares secrets about her high priced Manhattan prostitution ring. The website promises plenty of dish: "Find out the dirty secrets of Kristin's celebrity, politician, and Wall Street clients. You'll be shocked and amazed by who used her services, and what they requested!" The book is available only on-line through her website, http://www.manhattanmadam.com/books , is available for $9.99 in electronic form or $12.99 in paperback.

Read more: http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0709/24800.html#ixzz0WBQRtNdc

StefanaUID：2143510

很久不见。小眼皮最近怎么样？
加油加油，哇咔咔。