1006G[REBORN FROM THE ASHES组]备考日记 by X33 有个性有活力时尚有个人魅力的科学家

番茄斗斗UID: 2720914

大家都好水哦。。。我是给LZ的宣言给吸引进来的，嘿嘿～～加油加油哦！

tracywlzUID: 2522388

我很赞lz的志向
lz加油加油~

中原527UID: 2707367

无语....

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

18# 中原527 敢不敢不用白色的字。。。

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

16# 番茄斗斗
嗯 现在我身边的人跟我打招呼都是 HI~科学家~。。。。
另 怎么水了？。。。

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

17# tracywlz
呵呵 谢谢谢谢~~

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【09-11-12】
日志 小心情儿
今为了尽快赶完作业第一次的作业 中午没吃饭 晚上没去洗澡都一直在宿舍看这些东西
刚刚晚上才把今天的list看了 还差4页没看完被从图书馆轰出来了
今天上午还写了N份作业
下午一直在实验室呆着 现在看来实验室真是我最喜欢的地方了 笔记起来在实验室真轻松 跟老师还有学姐们也越来越融洽
为了防止电脑过快没电 晚上从图书馆出来把 【FUNDAMENTAL COURSE OF WRITTING】后面几个文档打出来了 一会看完再开电脑写电子版

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【09-11-13】
刚给实验室的老师打了点东西 纯英文录入。。。打了好半天 2000多字 我怎么打英文这么慢呢。。。
继续补作业。。。这次居然就要开始写argument和issues了。。。我小心灵受不了了快。。

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（6）thesis statement笔记

（这次只摘抄我认为有用的部分 和我的想法）

The thesis statement is typically located at the end of your opening paragraph. (The opening paragraph serves to set the context for the thesis.) 注意，这里明确的指出了，主题句（thesis statement）必须出现在开头段（opening paragraph）的最后！
【上课的时候阅读老师和写作老师都是这么说的 个人认为很有用】

Make it clear, strong, and easy to find.使主题句清晰！


An argumentative thesis statement will tell your audience:
·
your claim or assertion
·
the reasons/evidence that support this claim
the order in which you will be presenting your reasons and evidence


Attributes of a good thesis:
·
It avoids vague language (like "it seems").
It avoids the first person. ("I believe," "In my opinion") （强烈注意，不要使用第一人称！！！！）
【这两点以前一直没有特别注意过】

（不要说那些大家都知道的废话，要有可质疑性，可辩论性．）
【我特别烦看这样的文章听这样的话 但是自己做的时候却没有注意】

"Tell me something new about something I care about."
【经典 写作文的时候想想这句话能给自己一些提示】


总结一下：
主题句的dos and don’ts
Dos:
表明立场，具体，并且中心明确，表明自己的观点和结论，出现在开头段的末尾，同时提示读者作者的行文思路．
Don’ts:
不要说废话，说空话，说大话，不要出现第一人称，不要含糊不清．
【‘同时提示读者作者的行文思路’这一条是否必要？】

Specific topic + Attitude/Angle/Argument = Thesis
What you plan to argue + How you plan to argue it = Thesis


【主题句中避免绝对的论调！】

【后面的部分需要结合自己今后的写作实践再看几遍 比较自己的思维和实践过程与之有何不同 一定要多看多比较】

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（7）段落TS和逻辑顺序标志词笔记

Topic sentences
reveal the main point of a paragraph. They show the relationship of each paragraph to the essay's thesis.
They argue rather than report.

Sometimes topic sentences are actually two or even three sentences long. If the first makes a claim, the second might reflect on that claim, explaining it further.
【这个以前从来没想过】

This sentence employs a useful principle of transitions:always move from old to new information.
【阅读老师说ETS喜新厌旧且喜欢标新立异 。。】

３．Bridge sentences.
Like questions, "bridge sentences" (the term is John Trimble's) make an excellent substitute for more formal topic sentences. Bridge sentences indicate both what came before and what comes next (they "bridge" paragraphs) without the formal trappings of multiple clauses: "But there is a clue to this puzzle."
【不要光用什么on the other hand 之类没有技术含量的简单连接词 试着写一些承上启下的句子或段落】

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（8）段落间的关系 笔记

items are arranged from least important to most important.

In this pattern, then, you decide what is most important and put it at the beginning or the end; next you choose what is second most important and put it at the end or the beginning (whichever remains); the less important or powerful items are then arranged in the middle.
【今天阅读课老师还讲到这个问题 说是这样的 先写重要的这点是由老外的思维模式决定的 中国人说这句话是“你要是需要我帮忙 我肯定会帮你的”但老外说的就是“I will help you, if...” 同理在写单独一段的时候也因该是先结论后举例】

对应连接词：
more importantly; best of all; still worse; a more effective approach; even more expensive; even more painful than passing a kidney stone; the least wasteful; occasionally, frequently, regularly
【平时多读读这类东西 自己写文章的时候不要总用第一反应反应出的那个 要做适当的变化】


if you use up the good stuff early, you’ll have little left to keep the reader interested in the rest of what you have to say.
【时刻记得reader的想法 记得替reader考虑】


If you are comparing or contrasting two or more viewpoints, there are basically two ways to go about it.
If the two views you are discussing are relatively simple to explain and analyze, try a longitudinal method by which you discuss all aspects of view A and then moved on to discuss all aspects of view B. Suppose, for example, you were dealing with two views on the issue of cloning – Go Ahead and Wait A Minute – What Do You Think You’re Doing?
Your outline might look like this:
Introduction
The Go Ahead Position
All Science is Legitimate.
We Can Trust Scientists Not To Put Us At Risk.
The Benefits Outweigh The Risks.
The Wait A Minute Position
Is all Science Legitimate?
Can We Trust Scientists Not To Put Us At Risk?
Do The Benefits Outweigh The Risks?
Conclusion
【这一段非常值得借鉴！多看几遍】
Thus the Go Ahead Position will be described as objectively as possible. The analysis will come with The Wait A Minute Position.

Another way to organize is by cause and effect: if A caused B, discuss A first, then B.
【先因后果】

Begin your next sentence like this: "To be convinced by my claim, the first thing a reader needs to know is . . ." Then say why that's the first thing a reader needs to know, and name one or two items of evidence you think will make the case. This will start you off on answering the "what" question. (Alternately, you may find that the first thing your reader needs to know is some background information.)
【这个以前也没考虑过写的文章需不需要介绍背景知识 这又涉及到了那个GRE考试中作文写作的假想受众是谁的问题。】
【由此还想到一点 作文老师曾经说 举例一定要简单介绍一下这个人或事再用 不能假定是美国的事或是著名的事他都一定能知道】

【注意不要写成堆积型那段再好好看看 自己的文章时常不小心就写成那样】

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（9）段落内部的句子结构和句子连接 笔记

这里注意段落基本的三要素：
一个独立的观点－和Thesis密切相关
一个合理的逻辑顺序
没有无关细节

一、段落的组成结构：
１．The topic sentence:
有两个作用：首先它实际上是你本段话题的Thesis,起到和全文的Thesis一样的作用。其次，它是全文的Thesis的进一步的推广和具体化；一般来说，TS总是在文章的开头的第一或者第二句话，很少可以见到在文章的最后出现，并且最好不要这样使用！
２．Supporting evidence/analysis:
由论据和论证组成，为了合理的论证观点TS.必须在论据和论证之间找到一个平衡！
３．The conclusion(observation):
结论句总是在文章的最后一句或者倒数第二句！结论句除了总结上文的论述，还要在此总结上做好向下一个分论点的过度。


一、段落组成的内容：
内容基本原则——要不停的让读者知道你的下一步怎么写
【这点我以前一直不在意 甚至有时觉得没必要 不过现在换位思考一下 如果我是读者 还是读这种能猜到作者继续怎么写的文章比较舒服】


【这篇文章特别重要 剩下没摘抄的地方就是特别需要多读精读的部分 尤其表格里的各类词汇 用来做写作时候的第一反应替换词很有用】

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（10）如何有效使用论据论证 笔记
In order to use evidence effectively, you need to integrate it smoothly into your paragraph(为了使这些论据流畅的结合在一起，应该：)
o State your claim.
o Give your evidence, remembering to relate it to the claim.
o Comment on the evidence to show how it supports the claim
【先结论后解释型思路 先重点后次重点的思维模式的广义推广】

Discussing your evidence’s significance develops and expands a paper，Remember that your job during the course of your essay is to persuade your readers that your claims are feasible and the most effective way of interpreting the evidence
【reader的重要性！】

Questions to Ask Yourself When Revising Your Paper
1) Do I avoid generalizing in my paper by specifically explaining how my evidence is representative?
2) Have I offered my reader evidence to substantiate each assertion I make in my paper?
3) Do I thoroughly explain why/how my evidence backs up my ideas?
4) Do I provide evidence that not only confirms but also qualifies my paper’s main claims?
5) Do I use evidence to test and evolve my ideas, rather than to just confirm them?
6) Do I cite my sources thoroughly and correctly?
【写完之后按照这个检查一下 看看问题出在哪里 进而确定是不是自己思维和逻辑上的错误导致 改之】

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【09-11-15】
昨天没有写心情日志
光把之前看完的作文部分的指导打成电子版的贴上来了
昨天弄到1点多电脑没电 然后有写实验报告 可能写得太亢奋了 将近3点躺下的时候居然不困。。
今天该交ISSUE和ARGUMENT的作业了
刚尝试写ARGUMENT了 然后 我就严重受挫了 感觉自己跟大家水平差太多了
现在这水平可能就写个四级作文还凑乎 用词水平还是高考水平
真受挫。。。
呃。。
好吧
我缓一缓
再坚持写一会
下午还得去上XDF。。

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（11）Strategies for writing a conclusion笔记

Conclusions are often the most difficult part of an essay to write,（注意结论的重要性！） and many writers feel that they have nothing left to say after having written the paper. A writer needs to keep in mind that the conclusion is often what a reader remembers best. Your conclusion should be the best part of your paper.【自己的问题就是这个‘many writers feel that they have nothing left to say after having written the paper’】

A conclusion should

stress the importance of the thesis statement, （重现主题句）
give the essay a sense of completeness, and （完善全文）
leave a final impression on the reader.（给读者一个深刻的印象）【final impression.. 从来没想过还有这么个东西】【】

Suggestions

Answer the question "so what"

【显示出文章的意义 说的不是废话是有意义的 对文章进行一个提升】

Synthesize, don't aummarize

【同这篇笔记中第一段写得意思差不多 最后是要做一个提炼一个升华的】

Redirect you readers
【“think globally”这点很重要 在前面论述过程中也因该考虑到】
Creat a new meaning
You don't have to give new information to create a new meaning. By demonstrating how your ideas work together, you can create a new picture. Often the sum of the paper is worth more than its parts.
这段不是很理解 求助~ 】
Point to broader implications
【这一点我觉得在我最近看的好多文献中体现的特别明显 好多文献最后一部分都是这个作用 尤其综述类的文献。。】

Strategies

Echoing the introduction: （呼应开头）

【这个如果第一段有按前面讲的写法写的话 提出了thesis 那么结论必然与之有呼应】

Challenging the reader:（挑战读者的思维）

【这个我觉得对我来说实际操作起来比较困难】

Looking to the future:（展望未来）

Posing questions:（提出问题）

Strategies to Avoid

Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as "in conclusion," "in summary," or "in closing." Although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as wooden and trite in writing.（很重要！）【嗯 自己以前没注意过这点 写文章好多地方显得口语化】

Stating the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion.

Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion.【这个必然不会啦】

Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any substantive changes.【要有升华~】

Making sentimental, emotional appeals (out of character with the rest of an analytical paper).

Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.