1006G[REBORN FROM THE ASHES组]备考日记 by X33 有个性有活力时尚有个人魅力的科学家

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

我喜欢给自己定计划

然后再改计划

喜欢定大目标

然后觉得大目标离自己还好远就定了一些小目标

然后又觉得小目标少完成几个也没关系

于是在本本上画了个叉

然后继续定新的计划。。

我就是这么一个常立志的无志者

细数起来20年的人生一直在走下坡路的 或者是说一直走在给自己设计好的退路上的

目标没有完成？将就一下。。

我就是这么过完我的前20年的

说说出国这档子事

决定出国 并没有一个特殊的时间点
只是大二末到大三初的这一段慢慢的让自己坚定了这个想法的

题目说我要做科学家 （由于字数限制 题目没有打全 是做一个 有个性 有活力 时尚 有个人魅力的科学家~）
这也不是玩笑

只不过我想做的是有个性有活力时尚有个人魅力的科学家。

今天下午计算化学上机课上想起来上上网 来论坛看看 才发现了这个组 之前我有好久都没有上网 晚上回来仔细看看 才发现已经晚了好几天 明天都该留第二次作业了

争取。。（习惯性的又开始定计划）尽快把第一次的作业补齐 然后后面跟上进度 一步一步踏踏实实的跟着走

介绍一下我的情况

北京 211大学 应用化学 大三

英语四级521 六级未考

G复习刚开始背单词今天背到L24

在上GRE周末走读班

3.22 AW

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

一楼留空

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

还没写笔记 先来个心情日志
心情日志均为灰色 以示区别

上了一节课就回来了 昨天没睡好 一点多电脑没电后 坐在床上心里就乱糟糟的 今天上午的这节课上更是难受
感觉一屁股的账追着自己 随便一想都是待办事项 就是不知道从哪开始办起

北京今天又下雪了 今年第三场了都

开始补第一次作业 先从 Fundamental Course of Writing 开始~

霁月难逢UID: 2718354

大雪花花的飘

总算有个北京的了

cinderella1016UID: 2666652

大雪花花的飘

总算有个北京的了
霁月难逢 发表于 2009-11-12 11:03

你relocate成功了撒？

霁月难逢UID: 2718354

这周应该就都能搞定了

P.S.别水人家的贴了 多给lz加油才行

cinderella1016UID: 2666652

这周应该就都能搞定了

P.S.别水人家的贴了 多给lz加油才行
霁月难逢 发表于 2009-11-12 11:09

你先水的嘛，州官放火，百姓不能点灯，哼~

霁月难逢UID: 2718354

啦啦啦啦 都是平民

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

二位好~

单眼皮vs肿眼皮UID: 2705887

囧死了

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（1）20 Questions for Writers 笔记
1. What does X mean? (Definition)
2. What are the various features of X? (Description)1
3. What are the component parts of X? (Simple Analysis)
4. How is X made or done? (Process Analysis)
5. How should X be made or done? (Directional Analysis)
6. What is the essential function of X? (Functional Analysis)
7. What are the causes of X? (Causal Analysis)
8. What are the consequences of X? (Causal Analysis)
9. What are the types of X? (Classification)
10. How is X like or unlike Y? (Comparison)
11. What is the present status of X? (Comparison)
12. What is the significance of X? (Interpretation)
13. What are the facts about X? (Reportage)
14. How did X happen? (Narration)
15. What kind of person is X? (Characterization/Profile)
16. What is my personal response to X? (Reflection)
17. What is my memory of X? (Reminiscence)
18. What is the value of X? (Evaluation)
19. What are the essential major points or features of X? (Summary)
20. What case can be made for or against X? (Persuasion)

个人觉得这些问题是对于所用都适用的通式，但自己写文章的时候不一定要按照这个来写，更不用按照这个顺序一个问题一个问题的回答。比较合理的使用方法是先按照自己的思路和逻辑来写文章，写完之后再反过头来看这些问题，逆向追溯一下自己刚才按照自己思路写的过程，看看有什么需要修正和补充的。
我觉得一个人的逻辑和思维模型是特别个人化的东西，所以，我一直挺反对这种类似逻辑和思维过程的套路，不过不能否定，一个人的逻辑和思维难免会有漏洞，这时候上述这类套路的东西才有用。是一个对个人已有逻辑的检测和修复的手段，不应该一上来就拿来直接用，不去考虑自己的习惯。

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（2）Writing Anxiety笔记

Coping with Writing Anxiety

Many situations or activities, such as writing, taking tests, competing in sports, or speaking before a large audience, may make us anxious or apprehensive. It's important to remember that a moderate level of anxiety is helpful and productive. That flow of adrenaline is a natural response that helps get us ready for action. Without it, we might not perform as well.

If we let our anxiety overwhelm us, it can cause problems. If we control that anxiety, however, we can make it work for us. One way to do that is to use some of the coping strategies listed below.1

Coping Strategies:

Focus your energy by rehearsing the task in your head.

Consciously stop the non-productive comments（没用的思路） running through your head by replacing them with productive ones. 【我背单词的时候老有这种感觉。。。不知不觉就想起一堆乱七八糟的事情】

If you have some "rituals（仪式）" for writing success, use them. 【。。。这个有点搞 。。？rituals？上个厕所先吧~】

Examples:

-Follow a protocol you may have for organizing your time. Use a favorite pen if you have one. （回忆模板，摸摸自己的幸运物）【诶诶~这个我有这毛病 写东西时必须用一个手感好的笔】

-Spend a few minutes doing some relaxation exercises. （做运动）【哎呦我天 至于么。。这么兴师动众的 伸个懒腰做个深呼吸足够了】

-Take a break: physically walk away from the situation for a few minutes if you can. （溜达溜达）

Relaxation Strategies

Stretch伸展! If you can't stand up, stretch as many muscle groups as possible while staying seated. （不要吓到邻座...）

Try tensing and releasing various muscle groups. Starting from your toes, tense up for perhaps five to ten seconds and then let go. Relax and then go on to another muscle group.

Breathe deeply. Close your eyes; then, fill your chest cavity slowly by taking four of five short deep breaths. Hold each breath until it hurts, and then let it out slowly.

Use a calming word or mental image to focus on while relaxing. If you choose a word, be careful not to use an imperative. Don't command yourself to "Calm down!" or "Relax!" 【以中国学生的丰富应试经历来说 没必要这么兴师动众的做这么多放松吧 我觉得越这样越心慌 做个深呼吸是我一般的选择】

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（3）Writer's Block笔记

Symptoms and Cures for Writer's Block  对于神经性写作便秘的症状介绍及治疗建议

Because writers have various ways of writing, a variety of things can cause a writer to experience anxiety, and sometimes this anxiety leads to writer's block. Often a solution can be found by speaking with your instructor (if you are in school), or a writing tutor. There are some common causes of writer's block, however, and when you are blocked, consider these causes and try the strategies that sound most promising:

Symptom

You have attempted to begin a paper without doing any preliminary work such as brainstorming or outlining...

Possible Cures

Use invention strategies suggested by a tutor or teacher

Write down all the primary ideas you'd like to express and then fill in each with the smaller ideas that make up each primary idea. This can easily be converted into an outline

Symptom

You have chosen or been assigned a topic which bores you....

Possible Cures

Choose a particular aspect of the topic you are interested in (if the writing situation will allow it...i.e. if the goal of your writing can be adjusted and is not given to you specifically, or if the teacher or project coordinator will allow it)

Talk to a tutor about how you can personalize a topic to make it more interesting

Symptom

You don't want to spend time writing or don't understand the assignment...

Possible Cures

Resign yourself to the fact that you have to write

Find out what is expected of you (consult a teacher, textbook, student, tutor, or project coordinator)

Look at some of the strategies for writing anxiety listed below

Symptom

You are anxious about writing the paper...

Possible Cures

Focus your energy by rehearsing the task in your head. 【这一条会使我更紧张 因为总觉得有个声音在耳边叨咕】

Consciously stop the non-productive comments running through your head by replacing them with productive ones.

If you have some "rituals" for writing success (chewing gum, listening to jazz etc.), use them.

Symptom

You are so stressed out you can't seem to put a word on the page...

Possible Cures

Stretch! If you can't stand up, stretch as many muscle groups as possible while staying seated.

Try tensing and releasing various muscle groups. Starting from your toes, tense up for perhaps five to ten seconds and then let go. Relax and then go on to another muscle group.

Breathe deeply. Close your eyes; then, fill your chest cavity slowly by taking four of five short deep breaths. Hold each breath until it hurts, and then let it out slowly.

Use a calming word or mental image to focus on while relaxing. If you choose a word, be careful not to use an imperative. Don't command yourself to "Calm down!" or "Relax!"

Symptom

You're self-conscious about your writing, you may have trouble getting started. So, if you're preoccupied with the idea that you have to write about a subject and feel you probably won't express yourself well...

Possible Cures

Talk over the subject with a friend or tutor.

assure yourself that the first draft doesn't have to be a work of genius, it is something to work with.

Force yourself to write down something, however poorly worded, that approximates your thought (you can revise this later) and go on with the next idea.

Break the task up into steps. Meet the general purpose first, and then flesh out the more specific aspects later. 【有的A的题目可以跟同学讨论讨论 上走读班坐我旁边的同学就特别喜欢批判老师的说法，几乎对每一个题都有自己的见解，当然不一定对，我们下课就讨论一下刚才的题目，通过这个讨论的过程使人思路变得更加清晰，同时也是一个互相提示的头脑风暴的过程，能想出好多你自己一个人的时候想不明白的东西。所以，多讨论。】

Try one of the strategies on the next page of this resource.

Other Strategies for Getting Over Writer's Block If you have tried the other strategies and are still having problems, try some of these general techniques for getting over writer's block. These strategies will prove more helpful when you're drafting your writing.

Begin in the MiddleStart writing at whatever point you like. If you want to begin in the middle, fine. Leave the introduction or first section until later. The reader will never know that you wrote the paper "backwards." Besides, some writers routinely save the introduction until later when they have a clearer idea of what the main idea and purpose of the piece will be.
Talk Out the Paper Talking feels less artificial than writing to some people. Talk about what you want to write someone—your teacher, a friend, a roommate, or a tutor. Just pick someone who's willing to give you fifteen to thirty minutes to talk about the topic and whose main aim is to help you start writing. 【找身边的各种G友 尤其那种爱辩论的】Have the person take notes while you talk or tape your conversation. Talking will be helpful because you'll probably be more natural and spontaneous in speech than in writing. 【非常同意~本来觉得自己思路一团乱麻 跟人一说 说着说着就好了】Your listener can ask questions and guide you as you speak, and you'll be more likely to relax and say something unpredictable than if that you were sitting and forcing yourself to write.
Tape the Paper Talk into a tape recorder, imagining your audience sitting in front of you. Then, transcribe the tape-recorded material. You'll at least have some ideas written down to work with and move around.

Change the Audience Pretend that you're writing to a child, to a close friend, to a parent, to a person who sharply disagrees with you, or to someone who's new to the subject and needs to have you explain your paper's topic slowly and clearly. Changing the audience can clarify your purpose and can also make you feel more comfortable and help you write more easily.【在GRE写作中应该把受众想成什么呢？a person who sharply disagrees with you比较好吧 也许~ 求大家意见~~】

Play a Role Pretend you are someone else writing the paper. For instance, if you have been asked to write about sexist advertising, assume you are the president of the National Organization of Women. Or, pretend you are the president of a major oil company asked to defend the high price of oil. Consider being someone in another time period, or someone with a wildly different perspective from your own. Pulling yourself out of your usual perspective can help you see things that are otherwise invisible or difficult to articulate, and your writing will be stronger for it.【这个以前没考虑到过诶 有机会试一试】

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（4）start to write笔记

Planning (Invention): when you start to write

You can try the textbook formula:

I. State your thesis.

II. Write an outline.

III. Write the first draft.

IV. Revise and polish.

. . . but that often doesn't work!

Instead, you can try one or more of these strategies:

Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject.

There are many "correct" things to write about for any subject, but you need to narrow down your choices. For example, your topic might be "dorm food." At this point, you and your potential reader are asking the same question, "So what?" Why should you write about this, and why should anyone read it?

Do you want the reader to pity you because of the intolerable food you have to eat there?

Do you want to analyze large-scale institutional cooking?

Do you want to compare Purdue's dorm food to that served at Indiana University?

Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose.

How, for example, would you achieve your purpose if you wanted to describe some movie as the best you've ever seen? Would you define for yourself a specific means of doing so? Would your comments on the movie go beyond merely telling the reader that you really liked it?【我写作过程中虽然没忽略这一点 但总是没有足够重视把握好行文的主线 以致写的东西东一句西一句 想表达的意思没有那么有效地表达出来】

Start the ideas flowing

Brainstorm. Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts, etc. as you can. Perhaps some friends can join in. Jot down everything that comes to mind, including material you are sure you will throw out. Be ready to keep adding to the list at odd moments as ideas continue to come to mind.

Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone -- or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different points of view). What questions would the other person ask? You might also try to teach the subject to a group or class.

See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like. For example, if you are writing about violence on television, is that violence like clowns fighting in a carnival act (that is, we know that no one is really getting hurt)?

Take a rest and let it all percolate.

Nutshell your whole idea.

Tell it to someone in three or four sentences.

Diagram your major points somehow.

Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have. You may discover the need for more material in some places.【我觉得这点比较有用 写出来 并通过一定形式表现出他们之间的关系之后再去找相关材料才有针对性也不容易在找材料的过程中因为迁就材料而改变了最初想表达的意思。另外 列出所有这些以后也方便自己做一个宏观的取舍。我当初有一阵写作文的时候就是写的过程想起什么觉得好像能用上就写上了，结果写完发现有些并不是那么合适的】

Write a first draft.

Then, if possible, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if you were someone else. Watch especially for the need to clarify or add more information.

You may find yourself jumping back and forth among these various strategies.

You may find that one works better than another. You may find yourself trying several strategies at once. If so, then you are probably doing something right!

【看的过程中就觉得这个太耽误时间了啊 各种写草稿类的东西 然后再写文章。后来反应过来这个过程其实不是应试的时候用的，目前联系阶段是这样的，毕竟GRE作文的题库我们是知道的，前期准备好就是了。】

xiguan_33UID: 2641018

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（5）Writing With Computers笔记

Writing With Computers

Using word processing software on a computer is an efficient way to write. You can delete, revise, and cut and paste with great ease and speed, without having to retype, and you will find your drafts easier to read as you revise. Even if you cannot type well (and many successful computer users can't), a computer can be both a convenience and an aid throughout the writing process. But remember to save your files often and make a backup copy of the file, even when you've carefully saved it. Disks can fail and not open, and files can be deleted or lost.

Word processing software can aid your efforts in all aspects of the writing process:【真贴心。。】

Planning

Free writing

If free writing or brainstorming is a useful invention strategy for you, do either invention strategy on a computer using word processing software. You can then cut and paste parts of those planning notes into a draft as needed. Some writers find that they can free write more easily by turning down the computer screen, so they cannot see what they type. You may also want to create separate files for different topics discovered while free writing.【free writing对我来说比较困难 没有个题目给我很难让我自己主动写点东西出来 这可能与我尤其讨厌两个中国人互相说英文以及动不动写东西就带出点英语词有关 英语并不是目前在国内的我们需要用来交流的工具 更不应该用来表达我们的感情 中文多好 呃 跑题了。。】

writing an e-mail message

As you think about your assignment or topic, try writing an e-mail message to a friend, to someone in your class, or to a Writing Lab tutor . Use that e-mail message to test ideas as you would in a conversation with peer group members or a tutor. Encourage the person who receives the e-mail to ask you questions that help you clarify your ideas.【找几个G友作文互该比这个来的更直接更有效吧】

making an outline

Set up headings for an outline in large bold letters. Later, as you go back and fill in the subheadings and sub points, you will be able to see the larger structure of the paper. Some word processing programs either outline for you or permit you to indicate the outline headings in a way that allows you to go back and forth between a screen showing only the headings and screens showing the detailed material within sections.

planning visually

Use a drawing or painting program to do some visual planning. To do some clustering, put a topic word or phrase in a circle in the middle of the page and then surround that circle with clusters of related ideas (also in circles). Use lines to connect these ideas to the main idea or to other sub-ideas. To try branching, another visual planning strategy, put the main idea at the top of the page and then list sub-ideas underneath the main idea with related points for each sub-idea branching off.【在前期练习的时候用来积累素材我觉得很有用】

keeping a journal

If keeping a journal helps you, start a journal file for each assignment and include thoughts and questions that occur to you as you proceed through the writing. Include a plan for how you will proceed through the assignment, and if there are stages or steps to complete, write a "to do" list. Include phrases and ideas that occur to you and that may fit into the paper later with some cutting and pasting from one file to another. You may want to insert page breaks for different sections or thoughts.【这是我在我小本上干的事 这个不光用在准备作文上 平常怕自己忘事也把各种“to do”都列在上面 做完一个划掉一个】

Drafting

creating a scrapfile

As you start an assignment, make two separate files, one for the assignment itself and the other for scraps of writing that you will be collecting. As you write (or plan) use the scrap file to cut and paste anything that doesn't seem to fit in as you write. This scrap file can be a very useful storage space for material that should be deleted from the paper you are writing now but that may be useful for other writing assignments. You may also want a separate file for keywords, words that come to mind and that can be used when needed or phrases that may come in handy as section headings in your paper.

splitting screens

If you are using a Macintosh or Windows, you can have multiple files visible on your screen at the same time. Consider this strategy if it helps you to look at one bit of information while trying to create another. One box on the screen can display your outline or visual planning while another can display your draft. Or, you can keep your scrap file visible while writing a draft. Remember that you can cut, copy, and paste between files.

adding notes

As you gather material from your reading (or want to save comments to yourself about something you've written), develop a method to store this kind of material that you may or may not use. For example, put parentheses around material that might not stay in a later draft, or use bold lettering, or make use of a word processing feature that permits you to store material as notes. Be sure to delete this material when you are sure you no longer want it.

Organizing

mixing up the order of paragraphs or sentences

Make a new copy of your file. Then, in the new file, use the cut-and-paste feature to move paragraphs. You may see a better organizing principle than the principle you had been using. Do the same with sentences within paragraphs.【个人觉得这一步在前面列提纲时就应该已经做好了】

checking your outline

Look again at the bold-lettered headings of the outline you made during planning (or create one now), and reassess whether that outline is adequate or well organized.

staying on topic in every paragraph

Put your topic sentence at the top of each paragraph to keep the sentence in mind and not lose track of your topic.

Revising

starting at the beginning of the file

Each time you open a file, you are at the beginning of the draft. Start there when you are drafting and revising and read until you come to a section where you will be working. That rereading has several advantages for you. It helps you get back into the flow of thought, and it permits you to review what you've written so that you can revise as you read forward. But be careful not to get caught up in endless revising of the beginning of the paper, especially if like some writers, you find that you need to write the whole paper before you can write the introduction.【有时觉得有一堆要说的但又不知如何下笔的时候就可以先不管顺序先顺着把自己想到的都写出来 然后再慢慢梳理】

renaming a file

Each time you open your file, save it as a different file so that you always know which is the most recent version you've worked on. If your first draft is Draft I, the next time you open that file, save it as Draft II.

saving copies of material to cut and paste

When you are moving large blocks of text, highlight what you are going to move and make a copy for your clipboard before moving. if you lose the portion you are moving, you still have a copy available.

printing out hard copies to read

It may help you to look at a printed copy of your paper as you revise, so you can see the paper's development and organization.

resisting the neat appearance of a printout

If you print out a draft of your paper, resist the temptation to hand in that draft because it looks neat and seems to have a finished appearance.【？？】

using page or print view to check paragraphs

Switch to the page or print view so that you can see the whole view of each page on screen. Do the paragraphs look to be about the same length? Does one look noticeably shorter than the others? Does it need more development? Is there a paragraph that seems to be disproportionately long?

highlighting sentence length

Make a copy of your main file and, using that copy, hit the return key after each sentence so that each looks like a separate paragraph. Are all of your sentences the same length? Do they all start the same way and need some variety?【作文老师告诉我们 作文中句子要适度复杂 多变】

Editing and Proofreading

using online tools

A number of online tools exist, such as spell checkers, grammar checkers and style analyzers, but grammar and style checkers are not effective. Distinguishing between appropraite advice and inappropriate advice is difficult and a styke checker relies on rules you may not be familiar with. Some word processing programs include a thesaurus which is useful for looking up synonyms for words you've been using too much or for finding more specific words than the ones you have used.

changing the appearance of key features of your writing

Change active verbs to bold letters, put passive constructions in italics, use larger fonts for descriptive words, underline your thesis statement, and so on. By changing the appearance of these features, you may see that you have too many passives or that you don't have many descriptive words.

editing on hard copy

It may be easier for you to print out a draft and mark it for editing changes. If you do, put marks in the margins to indicate lines where changes are to be made, so you can easily find them again.

【我觉得我现在就是功利性很强的在学习 对于那些较长线的方法会比较不感冒。。如果能从容不迫的学习 真正只是为了提升自己而学习是个多么美好的事情啊~】