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grammar
数词
九.与数词相关的主谓一致原则
1)当名词词组中心词为表示时间、路程、金钱或重量等复数名词时,往往根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看做一个整体,谓语采用单数形式。如:
Twenty dollars is not enough.
Two months has passed before we realized.
但是如果“数词”单用,表示人或物,谓语动词一般用复数。如:
Three were killed and ten were missing in that accident.
2)如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数+of-词组”,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of-词组中名词或代词的单、复数形式:如果of-词组中名词或代词是单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;如果of-词组中名词或代词是复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。如:
Two thirds of the earth is covered with water.
Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.
3)如果主语是many a,more than one+单数名词构成,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:
Many a student in this class has hoped a long break.
4)a+单数名词+or two做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。one or two+复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
A word or two is missed in the sentence.
One or two words are missed in the sentence.
7. _______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting.
A.An;an;a B.The;/;an C.The;/;a D.The;/;the
11.They made him _______ king.
A.a B.the C.an D./
7.D。第一个空填 the,是特指那个“白发老太太”;第二个空不填冠词,是因为在语言名称前面一般不加冠词。English 后面如有 language,就得说 the English language。“在会议上”应为 at the meeting。
11.D。表示某人的职位时可用"零冠词"。
3.Bill said they were going to have _____ holiday。
A.a two-weeks’
B.a two-week
C.two weeks’
D.two weeks
3.B。holiday是个可数名词,所以前面不能丢了冠词;形容词放在a holiday的中间,这个形容词由数词和名词复合而成,复合后名词不能加s,two-week——“两周的”。
虚拟语气
3、对将来事实的虚拟
基本形式:If + should do…, …would /could /should /might + do; 意思类似汉语中的“万一”
If + were+ 不定式…, …would+ do;
Should+ 动词原形
例句:If he should forget the date, I might teach him a good lesson.
(事实上:他不大可能忘记那个日期)
If it should snow this afternoon, we could make a snowman.
(事实上不大可能会下雪)
4、虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。
例句:Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
6、比较if only与only if:
only if表示"只有";if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。
例句:I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
7、It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。
例句:It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
8、need "不必做"和"本不该做"
didn't need to do表示:
过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。.
needn't have done表示:
过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
例句:John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。)
9、as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构。
例句:Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
注意1:部分动词的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气,形式为should do, 其中should常被省略。
此类动词有:insist, demand, suggest, propose, order, require, decide, ask, request, command等表示命令、建议、要求等.
例句: We all insist that we (should) not rest until we finish the work..
The professor suggests that the students (should) collect enough materials before they work on this project.
上面的动词如果以名词形式出现(如以表语从句,同位语从句形式出现)时,后面的that从句仍然要采用虚拟语气
例句:He gives me the suggestion that I (should) eat breakfast every morning.
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
注意2:在一些惯用语之后经常需要用虚拟,来表示与事实相反或者难以实现的事情
这类习语有:as if , as though, but for, otherwise, without, wish, if only, for fear that, unless, in case, lest等
例句: But for your help, I would not have arrived here in time.
(如果没有你的帮助,我就不能准时到达)
Without your help, I would not arrive here in time.
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。
The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
注意3:在下列形容词引导的that从句中必须要用虚拟语气(should) do,但是由于 should经常被省略,所以实际上用的就是动词原形。
这类形容词有: It is important/ necessary/ proper/ imperative/ essential/ advisable等 + that
例句:It is necessary that he (should) realize his situation.
注意4:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,
即在从句中be用were代替。
例句:If I were you, I would go to look for him. (如果我是你,就会去找他。)
If he were here, everything would be all right. (如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。)
* 注意5:如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
例句:The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. |
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