1006G[REBORN FROM THE ASHES组]备考日记 by 豆腐店的86——越来越快（新）

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

由于帖子丢失，以及无法发新帖，特开新楼来记录备考
   1.11月23日-12月7日 一共14天，其中两天空缺（12.7日，另外一日具体忘记了）。
   2.每天至少一贴，每帖涵盖内容比较多（5框题左右）因为习惯在记事本中记录完，然后一次性发帖
   3.第五次作业看到的晚，询问草木兄，结果没有活干了，第六次，第七次作业接收并完成了
   4.这段时间正好是校parliamential Debate  的时间，现挺入四强，继续加油
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REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第一次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1025915-1-1.html

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第二次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1028710-1-2.html

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第三次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1029483-1-1.html
.
REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第四次作业通知.
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1030818-1-1.html

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第八次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1037661-1-1.html

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新一轮的作业
COMMENTS活动的说明&汇总
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1042733-1-1.html

ARGUMENT翻译修订
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1042763-1-1.html

新年前十天！
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1046838-1-1.html

过AW题库，之前说过的，检验备考充分与否很重要的一条就是对题库的熟悉程度，建议大家先从argument看起。argument题库共有242道，建议不要细水长流，争取在两到三天内就过一遍，如此两遍作为最开始的熟悉过程。应当如何过题库：

第一遍：看题目（英文）>>>在自己的脑子里对自己重述一遍题目讲的是什么>>>在本子上记录自己认为题目说的有错、看得很别扭、看不懂的地方、灵感

第二遍：看题目（英文）>>>在自己的脑子里重述题目>>>在本子上记录自己认为题目说的有错、看得很别扭、看不懂的地方、灵感、认为可以证明推理存在漏洞的他因、题目之间的关联

第三遍至第六遍等下下次留作业的时候再告诉你们，请注意，第一遍和第二遍中要求的每个细节都是由其独特意义的，好好做，用心做。


噼里啪啦看Issue——Issue系列难题讨论第一期任务书
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1050549-1-1.html

arguement
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=968840&page=1&extra

ISSUE
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-959513-1-1.html

I+A
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1059492&extra

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规划一下圣诞-寒假要赶的事~~

基础部分---单词+eco每日阅读不能少（comments 改变策略：减少生词部分，着重留意写作上能被用到的好词，重点加强summary+comments的练习！这样可以省下一部分时间！）
知识理论---- 入门+精华帖，做好笔记啊·~ https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=23&filter=digest
阅读提高 ----  难度+速度+越障 https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=910464&

PS: 陡然发现这是第八次作业所要求的内容，心里一寒·~~ 从今天开始，做起来！ 每天一小时！

这样看来，每天需要1个小时做“难度+速度+越障” 1小时做 comments  利用空暇时间看精华帖并笔记！还要背单词！

加油吧，精选阶段，就要有精选的样子！！
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习作汇总
ARGUMENT143
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1041267&highlight
ISSUE13
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1041052&highlight
ISSUE125
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1052140&highlight
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G友强帖，要顶要学习！
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1022563-1-1.html

https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=920961&highlight

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1066616-1-1.html

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-808128-1-1.html

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Active and Passive Voice
Active Versus Passive Voice
Using active voice for the majority of your sentences
makes your meaning clear for readers.
Too much use of passive voice can cloud the meaning of
your sentences.
Sentences in active voice are also more concise .
Reasons to Generally Avoid Passive Voice
Overuse of passive voice throughout an essay can cause
your prose to seem flat and uninteresting.
Sometimes writers find using an indirect expression is
rhetorically effective in a given situation, so they
choose passive voice.
Passive voice makes sense when the agent performing the
action is obvious, unimportant, or unknown or when a
writer wishes to postpone mentioning the agent until
the last part of the sentence or to avoid mentioning
the agent at all.
Further Suggestions for Using Passive and Active Voices
1. Avoid starting a sentence in active voice and then
shifting to passive.
He tried to act cool when he slipped in the puddle, but
he was still laughed at by the other students.
He tried to act cool when he slipped in the puddle, but
the other students still laughed at him.
2. Avoid dangling modifiers caused by the use of
passive voice.
Seeking to lay off workers without taking the blame,
consultants were hired to break the bad news. Who was
seeking to lay off workers? The consultants?)
Seeking to lay off workers without taking the blame,
the CEO hired consultants to break the bad news.
Verbs- Voice and Mood
Active and Passive voice:
Verbs in the active voice show the subject acting.
Verbs in the passive voice show something else acting
on the subject.
---------------------------------------------
Apostrophe & Hyphens
The Apostrophe
The apostrophe has three uses:
1.to form possessives of nouns
2.to show the omission of letters
3.to indicate certain plurals of lowercase letters
Hyphen Use
1.Use a hyphen to join two or more words serving as a
single adjective before a noun:
a one-way street
chocolate-covered peanuts
2.Use a hyphen with compound numbers:
forty-six
3.Use a hyphen to avoid confusion or an awkward
combination of letters:
re-sign a petition (vs. resign from a job)
semi-independent (but semiconscious)
4.Use a hyphen with the prefixes ex- (meaning former),
self-, all-; with the suffix -elect; between a prefix
and a capitalized word; and with figures or letters:
self-assured
all-inclusive
mayor-elect
anti-American
pre-Civil War
mid-1980s

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Parallel Structure
Words and Phrases With the -ing form (gerund) of words:
Parallel: Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling.
With infinitive phrases:
Parallel: Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a
bicycle.
OR Mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a bicycle.
Do not mix forms.
Not Parallel:
The teacher said that he was a poor student because he
waited until the last minute to study for the exam,
completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and
his motivation was low.
Parallel:
The teacher said that he was a poor student because he
waited until the last minute to study for the exam,
completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and
lacked motivation.
Clauses
A parallel structure that begins with clauses must keep
on with clauses. do not change to another pattern or
changing the voice of the verb(from active to passive
or vice versa)
Not Parallel:
The salesman expected that he would present his product
at the meeting, that there would be time for him to
show his slide presentation, and that questions would
be asked by prospective buyers. (passive)
Parallel:
The salesman expected that he would present his product
at the meeting, that there would be time for him to
show his slide presentation, and that prospective
buyers would ask him questions.
Lists After a Colon
Be sure to keep all the elements in a list in the same
form.
Not Parallel:
The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find
word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and
looking up irregular verbs.
Parallel:
The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find
word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and
irregular verbs.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Commas
2. Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b)
phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause.
While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door.
Because her alarm clock was broken, she was late for
class.
If you are ill, you ought to see a doctor.
When the snow stops falling, we'll shovel the driveway.
Commas vs. Semicolons in Compound Sentences
A group of words containing a subject and a verb and
expressing a complete thought is called a sentence or
an independent clause. Sometimes, an independent clause
stands alone as a sentence, and sometimes two
independent clauses are linked together into what is
called a compound sentence. Depending on the
circumstances, one of two different punctuation marks
can be used between the independent clauses in a
compound sentence: a comma or a semicolon. The choice
is yours.
Comma (,)
Use a comma after the first independent clause when you
link two independent clauses with one of the following
coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, so,
yet. For example:
I am going home, and I intend to stay there.
It rained heavily during the afternoon, but we managed
to have our picnic anyway.
They couldn't make it to the summit and back before
dark, so they decided to camp for the night.
Semicolon (;)
Use a semicolon when you link two independent clauses
with no connecting words. For example:
I am going home; I intend to stay there.
It rained heavily during the afternoon; we managed to
have our picnic anyway.
They couldn't make it to the summit and back before
dark; they decided to camp for the night.
You can also use a semicolon when you join two
independent clauses together with one of the following
conjunctive adverbs (adverbs that join independent
clauses): however, moreover, therefore, consequently,
otherwise, nevertheless, thus, etc. For example:
I am going home; moreover, I intend to stay there.
It rained heavily during the afternoon; however, we
managed to have our picnic anyway.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Dangling Modifiers
Incorrect:Without knowing his name, it was difficult to introduce him.
Revised:Because Maria did not know his name, it was difficult to introduce him.
Incorrect: After reading the original study, the article remains unconvincing.
Revised: After reading the original study, I find the article unconvincing.
Incorrect: Relieved of your responsibilities at your job, your home should be a place to relax.
Revised: Relieved of your responsibilities at your job, you should be able to relax at home.
Incorrect: The experiment was a failure, not having studied the lab manual carefully.
Revised: They failed the experiment, not having studied the lab manual carefully.
---------------------------------
Capital Letters
Proper nouns (the names of specific people, places, organizations, and sometimes things)
Worrill Fabrication Company
Golden Gate Bridge
Supreme Court
Livingston, Missouri
Atlantic Ocean
Mothers Against Drunk Driving
The names of God, specific deities, religious figures, and holy books
God the Father
the Virgin Mary
the Bible
the Greek gods
Moses
Shiva
Buddha
Zeus
Directions that are names (North, South, East, and West when used as sections of the country, but not as compass directions)
The Patels have moved to the Southwest.
Jim's house is two miles north of Otterbein.
Periods and events (but not century numbers)
Victorian Era
Great Depression
Constitutional Convention
sixteenth century

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Spelling
Affect, Effect
·affect = verb meaning to influence:
Will lack of sleep affect your game?
·effect = noun meaning result or consequence:
Will lack of sleep have an effect on your game?
·effect = verb meaning to bring about, to accomplish:
Our efforts have effected a major change in university policy.
A memory-help for affect and effect is RAVEN: Remember, Affect is a Verb and Effect is a Noun.
Conscious, Conscience
·conscious= adjective meaning awake, perceiving:
Despite a head injury, the patient remained conscious.
·conscience = noun meaning the sense of obligation to be good:
Chris wouldn't cheat because his conscience wouldn't let him.
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Higher Order Concerns (HOCs) and Lower Order Concerns (LOCs)
The most important parts of your paper, often called "Higher Order Concerns (HOCs)," are the "big picture" elements such as
thesis or focus
·Does the paper have a central thesis?
·Can you, if asked, offer a one-sentence explanation or summary of what the paper is about?
·Ask someone to read the first paragraph or two and tell you what he or she thinks the paper will discuss.
audience and purpose
·Do you have an appropriate audience in mind? Can you describe them?
·Do you have a clear purpose for the paper? What is it intended to do or accomplish?
·Why would someone want to read this paper?
·Does the purpose match the assignment?
organization
·Does the paper progress in an organized, logical way?
·Go through the paper and jot down notes on the topics of the various paragraphs. Look at this list and see if you can think of a better organization.
·Make a brief outline. Does the organization make sense? Should any part be moved to another part?
development.
·Are there places in the paper where more details, examples, or specifics are needed?
·Do any paragraphs seem much shorter and in need of more material than others? (For more help, see our handout on paragraphing.)
·Ask someone to read the paper and comment if something is unclear and needs more description, explanation, or support.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

个人猜想是不是因为自己一次性发帖帖子内容太多，导致无法显示，所以从今开始，分开发！
^^

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Sentence Clarity
Improving Sentence Clarity
Go from old to new information
Introduce your readers to the "big picture" first by giving them information they already know. Then they can link what's familiar to the new information you give them.

Transitional words
Be careful about placement of subordinate clauses
subordinate clause at the end or beginning

Use active voice

Use parallel constructions

Avoid noun strings

Avoid multiple negatives

Choose action verbs over forms of be
Unclear (overuse of be verbs):
One difference between television news reporting and the coverage provided by newspapers is the time factor between the actual happening of an event and the time it takes to be reported. The problem is that instantaneous coverage is physically impossible for newspapers.
Clearer:
Television news reporting differs from that of newspapers in that television, unlike newspapers, can provide instantaneous coverage of events as they happen.

Avoid unclear pronoun references

Sentence Fragments
不要把短语当句子！

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

业要抓紧！！
时刻提醒自己！

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第一次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1025915-1-1.html

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第二次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1028710-1-2.html

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第三次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1029483-1-1.html
.
REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第四次作业通知.
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1030818-1-1.html

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第八次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1037661-1-1.html

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Relative Pronouns
Usage in Defining Clauses
Relative pronoun used as a subject:
This is the house that had a great Christmas decoration.
Relative pronoun used as an object:
1) As can be seen from the table, referring to a person or thing, the relative pronoun may be omitted in the object position:
This is the man (who / that) I wanted to speak to and whose name I'd forgotten.
2) whom:
In American English, whom is not used very often. Whom is more formal than who and is very often omitted in speech:
Relative pronoun used as a possessive:
Whose is the only possessive relative pronoun is in English. It can be used with both people and things:
The family whose house burnt in the fire was immediately given a suite in a hotel.
The book whose author is now being shown in the news has become a bestseller.
Relative Pronouns in Non-Defining Clauses
a.Relative pronoun used as a subject:
The writer, who lives in this luxurious mansion, has just published his second novel.
b.Relative pronoun used as an object:
The house at the end of the street, which my grandfather built, needs renovating.
c.Relative pronoun used as a possessive:
William Kellogg, whose name has become a famous breakfast foods brand-name, had some weird ideas about raising children.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Use Articles
use the before:
·names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Nile, the Pacific
·points on the globe: the Equator, the North Pole
·geographical areas: the Middle East, the West
·deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas: the Sahara, the Persian Gulf, the Black Forest, the Iberian Peninsula
Omission of Articles
Some common types of nouns that don't take an article are:
·Names of languages and nationalities: Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian
·Names of sports: volleyball, hockey, baseball
·Names of academic subjects: mathematics, biology, history, computer science
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Non&Count Nouns
Some/Any:  
·"There is some water on the floor."
·"There are some Mexicans here."
·"Do you have any food?"
·"Do you have any apples?"
Little modifies only uncountable nouns.
·"He had little food in the house."
·"The doctor had little time to think in the emergency room."
Few modifies only countable nouns.
·"There are few doctors in town."
·"Few students like exams."
A little bit of is informal and always precedes an uncountable noun.
·"There is a little bit of pepper in the soup."
·"There is a little bit of snow on the ground."
Little, Quite a little, Few, Quite a few
Little and quite a littlemodify only uncountable nouns.
We had a little ice cream after dinner.
They offered little help for my problem. (meaning "only a small amount")
They offered quite a little help for my problem. (meaning "a large amount") (See quite a bit of, below.)
Few and quite a few modify only countable nouns.
A few doctors from the hospital play on the softball team.
Few restaurants in this town offer vegetarian dishes. (meaning "only a small number")
Quite a few restaurants in this town offer vegetarian dishes. (meaning "a large number")
Plenty of
This term modifies both countable and uncountable nouns.
There are plenty of mountains in Switzerland.
She has plenty of money in the bank.
No
This word modifies both countable and uncountable nouns.
There were no squirrels in the park today.
We have no time left to finish the project.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

In/Dependent Clauses

Independent Clause
An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. An independent clause is a sentence.
Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz.

Dependent Clause
A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word.
When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz . . . (What happened when he studied? The thought is incomplete.)\ it was very noisy.
Some common dependent markers are: after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while.

Connecting dependent and independent clauses
1. Coordinating Conjunction
The seven coordinating conjunctions used as connecting words at the beginning of an independent clause are and, but, for, or, nor, so, and yet.
2. Independent Marker Word
An independent marker word is a connecting word used at the beginning of an independent clause. These words can always begin a sentence that can stand alone. When the second independent clause in a sentence has an independent marker word, a semicolon is needed before the independent marker word.
Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz; however, it was hard to concentrate because of the noise.
Some common independent markers are: also, consequently, furthermore, however, moreover, nevertheless, and therefore.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Adjective or Adverb

Adjectives modify nouns,generally speaking, adjectives answer the following questions:
·Which?
·What kind of?
·How many?

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
The most common question that adverbs answer is how.

Most of the time, adjectives come before nouns. However, they come after the nouns they modify, most often when the verb is a form of the following:
·be
·feel
·taste
·smell
·sound
·look
·appear
·seem

Avoiding Common Errors

Sure or Surely?
Sure is an adjective, and surely is an adverb. For example:
o"He is sure about his answer." Sure describes he.
o"The Senator spoke out surely." Here, surely describes how the senator spoke.
N.B. Surely can also be used as a sentence-adverb. For example, "Surely, you're joking." Here, surely describes the entire sentence "you're joking." The sentence more or less means, "You must be joking.

Near or Nearly?
Near can function as a verb, adverb, adjective, or preposition. Nearly is used as an adverb to mean "in a close manner" or "almost but not quite." Here are some examples that demonstrate the differences between various uses of near and nearly.
o"I'll be seeing you in the near future." Here, near describes the noun "future."
o"The cat crept near." Near is an adverb that describes where the cat crept.
o"Don't worry; we're nearly there." Here, nearly describes how close we are.
Near can also be used as a verb and a preposition.
o"My graduation neared." Here, neared is the verb of the sentence.
o"I want the couch near the window." Near is a preposition at the head of the phrase "near the window."

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Appositives
An appositive is a noun or pronoun — often with modifiers — set beside another noun or pronoun to explain or identify it.
EX.
Your friend Bill is in trouble
The chief surgeon, an expert in organ-transplant procedures, took her nephew on a hospital tour.
The popular US president John Kennedy was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches.
John Kennedy, the popular US president, was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches.
John Kennedy the popular US president was quite different from John Kennedy the unfaithful husband.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

一篇一篇的看 一篇一篇的记录·~~
很多都是身熟悉的知识点，但是再看一看 可以明确使用方法
很有收获