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[感想日志] 1006G[REBORN FROM THE ASHES组]备考日记 by Fancy——no pain no gain [复制链接]

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发表于 2009-12-10 16:43:58 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 fancyww 于 2010-2-5 21:55 编辑

    去年本打算出去学Linguisitics,GT都考了,不过后来一方面由于自己理论方面基础薄弱,另一方面由于自己的兴趣更多在语言教学方面吧,所以选择留在国内读对外汉语。但还是很想研究生有机会出去深造language acquisition或teaching这方面。
    刚刚忙完保研、实习、日语二级、论文开题等,清闲下来,觉得就咽不下今年6G这口气,决定再考一次,也是进一步提高英语的一个契机吧。于是打开久违的GTER,准备加一个小组,因为在准备上次6G时吃到了闭门造车的苦头,而在备战toefl时尝到了小组准备的甜头。版主大人亲自带组真让人happy呀。
    废话不多说了,表表决心吧:
    096G—1310+4.0,(笔考部分的苦水先不在这里倒了),这次作文朝着5+努力!
    Fighting!


    比各位慢了一个月,开始赶作业吧!


把一些常用链接贴过来:
总贴:https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1024091-1-1.html

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第一次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1025915-1-1.html

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第二次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1028710-1-2.html

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第三次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1029483-1-1.html
.
REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第四次作业通知.

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1030818-1-1.html


REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第五次作业通知.
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1033762-1-1.html
You may say that I'm a dreamer, but I'm not the only one.

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发表于 2009-12-10 16:48:05 |显示全部楼层
看了两位同学的备考日记发现,这楼要空是吧?

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发表于 2009-12-10 19:37:00 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 fancyww 于 2009-12-13 16:27 编辑

第一次作业



Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲(120 Questions for Writers


issue13为例,来思考这20个问题吧:Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct.



1. What does X mean? (Definition)


lesser-known language becoming lost;/ endangered languages
2. What are the various features of X? (Description)


a. fewer and fewer people are speaking them; b. they are becoming extinct.
3. What are the component parts of X? (Simple Analysis)


the people who speak X, the culture, thoughts information that X carrying,
4. How is X made or done? (Process Analysis)1
5. How should X be made or done? (Directional Analysis) same as 31
6. What is the essential function of X? (Functional Analysis)


communicate, carrying thoughts & distinctive cultures
7. What are the causes of X? (Causal Analysis) BE EACW


fewer people speak them,
8. What are the consequences of X? (Causal Analysis)


The loss of intangible cultural heritage. The loss of some unique thoughts of human   that only exist in those certain languages.
9. What are the types of X? (Classification)
10. How is X like or unlike Y? (Comparison)


Here X means the endangered languages, and assume Y is generally speaking language. X usually has no writing words; X is spoken by certain minority which does not form a country.1
11. What is the present status of X? (Comparison)


Endangered.
12. What is the significance of X? (Interpretation)
Fewer and fewer people speak them
13. What are the facts about X? (Reportage)
1Fewer and fewer people speak them
14. How did X happen? (Narration)
1Same as 8
15. What kind of person is X? (Characterization/Profile)
16. What is my personal response to X? (Reflection)
17. What is my memory of X? (Reminiscence)1
18. What is the value of X? (Evaluation)


Carrying some unique and valuable thoughts of human being; provide materials for linguistics and philosophers to study human thoughts and languages.
19. What are the essential major points or features of X? (Summary)


Unique, valuable.
20. What case can be made for or against X? (Persuasion)


Language diversities are useless, fewer languages means better communication. The government should consider the cost to save endangered languages.
(Adapted from Jacqueline Berke's Twenty Questions for the Writer)


NOTE:虽然没有拿到题就确定方向,但这么一路思考下来,却把这个题目“看透了”,了解了前因后果和来龙去脉,再来思考自己的角度就容易多了。特别是最后一个persuasion很有用,可以让我们考虑到如何让步论证。


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发表于 2009-12-10 19:40:25 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 fancyww 于 2009-12-10 19:50 编辑

第一次作业


Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲(2Writing Anxiety
-Follow a protocol you may have for organizing your time. Use a favorite pen if you have one.(回忆模板,摸摸自己的幸运物)这个不错^_^
Memo我临场时倒是不会紧张到头脑一片空白,比较anxiety的表现是东想西想,没法focus,所以这条——Consciously stop the non-productive comments(没用的思路) running through your head by replacing them with productive ones.——很重要!


Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲(3Writer's Block
Consciously stop the non-productive comments running through your head by replacing them with productive ones. 呵呵 又来了
· assure yourself that the first draft doesn't have to be a work of genius, it is something to work with.  大胆下笔写初稿,字斟句酌反倒把思路搞没了
Force yourself to write down something, however poorly worded, that approximates your thought (you can revise this later) and go on with the next idea.
MEMO很有意思的一些strategies,有两条对我很有用:一是要排除杂念;二是要大胆下笔写第一遍。


Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲(4start to write
MEMO刚好在做毕业论文,对我的论文写作很有帮助呀!

steps:

Find an writing direction around the topic (writing purpose)→the methods to achieve this writing goals→brainstorm:jot down ideas, talk to people, consider in others position →state the whole ideas briefly→outline→draft



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发表于 2009-12-11 21:11:17 |显示全部楼层

第一次作业


Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲(6TS

这一讲目前看了三遍,写一下前三遍的感想。

1.Take a clear but contestable stand. 这点在这一讲中出现过不下三次。以前拿到一个题目,总会很全面的考虑一番,这是对的;但进而会下意识地追求conclusive & comprehensive,写成balance的观点,这就容易让人觉得没有明确的TS,出现类似于这样的TS:there are some negative and positive aspects to the ***.

    于是今天才知道,TS应该是要表现出topic controversial一面的,可以让读者reasonably disagree。正因如此,才需要进行论证,否则读者就会问“so what”了。

2.由于前面一点,所以在写TS时,即使没有比较也可以造出一个“让步”(counter arguments),注意巧用一些关联词,如because,though,despite等,让TS变得更specific&manageable。

3.TS一定要避免vague,以后会尽量避免balance的立场。同时也要specific,通过一些比较、限制等,让TS变得具体。

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发表于 2009-12-11 21:18:22 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 fancyww 于 2009-12-11 21:34 编辑

第一次作业

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲(7)段落TS & Signposts
    关于Topic sentence,我最有感触的一句是:they argue rather than report。即段落TS一定要写出本段的分论点,而不是陈述一个事实。
    此外,与我以前的写法不同,这一讲说道段落TS,即我以前习惯用的view,可以是一个长句子。我原来习惯用一个简单句,接着再解释一下。不过用“how+why”的思路,写出一个长句,也未尝不可,只要思路清晰。这样还有一个优点,就是能“move from old to new information”,即有一个过渡在里面。
    写段落TS的方法中,有一个PIVOTS,我觉得一定情况下合理使用也是很好的。虽然一般段落TS在段首比较好,但遇上让步的时候,为了论证的连贯性,中间来一个“however”“yet”等,也还是比较明确的。这类似于G阅读中的很多新老观点文章。

    关于signposts,我认为是在写长论文的时候用到的吧,应为是作为各section的TS。而issue里面注意各段TS就好了。

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发表于 2009-12-12 19:19:29 |显示全部楼层
第一次作业

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲(8) & (9)

NOTE:
1.论证段落我一般就写三段,通常采用 Order of importance。
2.至于段落内部的句子,要注意采用一个合理的逻辑顺序,以及没有无关的细节。
3.要时刻让读者知道你下一步怎么写。因此一些连接和提示词很重要。

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲(10) 如何有效论证
NOTE:
1.关键是要处理好论点、论据、论证三者的关系。
First of all, th evidence should agrees with the point. Then we should connect the evidence and the point with arguementation.  也就是说要有点题之笔,不要将论点和论据孤立地放在那里。
2.其中的那个例子很好地说明了如何采用论证的语言来扩展一个简单的论据,而又不是废话。

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲 (11) Conclusion
NOTE:
    读了之后才知道,conclusion原来还有这么多讲究。原来基本就是“in conclusion”,“to sum up”,然后再将thesis 复述一下就作结了。这恰恰是非常“wooden and trite”的,一定要避免。
    写conclusion的一个核心就是要“push the ideas forward”。不是要提出新的证据或观点,而是对全文加以synthesize而非summarize,从而“leave a final impression on the reader”。
    不过这讲有个小疑问,在结尾不能有quotations吗?我以前认为结尾用一个quotation还能给人留下深刻印象,或者引发一下思考。

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲 (12)  & (13)
NOTE:
    这两讲也很重要呀。仔细一看才发现原来自己文章中常常有wordy的地方。以前已经在注意的,如:change phrases into single words, 消灭which从句,少用be动词。
    今天新学到了:avoid overusing expletives,avoiding overusing noun forms of verbs,以及一些惯用表达上的冗余。
    在proofreading中,comma的用法讲解很细致。虽然我不怎么犯这种错误,但是以前给别人讲过comma的用法,但是没讲清楚,看了之后就一清二楚了。



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发表于 2009-12-12 20:01:55 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 fancyww 于 2009-12-13 16:50 编辑

第一次作业——第二部 【SU & SY SO】
======================

自测——主谓一致
======================

选择
There __ (is)much water in the thermos.
Ten thousand tons of coal __(was/) produced last year.
Reading and writing __(are) very important.
The iron and steel industry __(is/) very important to our life.
There __(is/) a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There __(are) twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
Either you or she __(is)to go.
Here __(is)a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
The teacher together with some students __(is/)visiting the factory.
He as well as I __(wants) to go boating.
Each of us __(has/)a tape-recorder.
There __(is/)something wrong with my watch.
The Arabian Night __(is/)a book known to lovers of English.
Three weeks __(was/)allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten dollar __(is/)enough.
All __(is/)right.一切顺利。
All __(/are)present.所有人都到齐了。
His family __(is not/) very large.他家不是一个大家庭。
His family __(/are)music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
__(is/)there any police around?
A number of books __(has/lent out.
The majority of the students__(like/ ) English.
Most of his money __(is/)spent on books.
Most of the students __(are)taking an active part in sports.
Many a person __(has) read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students __(is/are)from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。

判断 (只留对的)
Between the two buildings is a big tree.V / X
The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health.V / X
There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada.V / X
I like the photos which were taken in Beijing.V / X
Maths is my favorite subject.V / X
The police are searching for the robbers.V / X

There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it?(V / X
Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV.V / X
Ten years is quite a long time.V / X
The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students.V / X
Neither you nor he has been to Beijing.V / X
This pair of trousers are very new, but Toms trousers are very old.V / X
Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult.V / X


======================
                    附加题
======================

1. Three years __has___ (have) passed since we met last time, and three years ___is____ (be) a long time.
2. ____is___ (be) everybody going to take part in the game?
3. Both men and women ____have___ (have) complained about the advertisement.
4. The family ____are___ (be) watching TV when I came into the room.
5. But not all the information __is_____ (is) good to society.
6. One evening she told me that something happened when her parents ___were____ (be) out.
7. There ___is____ (is) a table, several chairs in the old house.
8. The great writer and professor __is_____ (is) going to our school next week.
9. The scientist and the engineer ____are___ (have) invented a new machine.
10. Alice, together with her friends, __is_____ (be) punished for having broken the school rules.
11. Every girl and every boy ___has____ (have) the right to join the club.
12. --- __is_____ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?
--- Neither she nor I ___am_____be.
13. --- Is there anybody in the classroom?
--- No, the teacher as well as the students __has_____ (have) gone to the playground.
14. None of the money _____is__ (be) his.
15. A knife and fork __is_____ (be) on the table. A pen and a pencil ___are____ (be) on the desk.



II.ABCD四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. E-mail, as well as telephones, ______ an important part in daily communication.   A

A. is playing B. have played
C. are playing D. play

2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _______ tired of having one examination after another.   B
A. is B. are C. am D. be

3. Either you or the headmaster _______ the prizes to these students at the meeting.   D
A. is handing out B. are to hand out
C. are handing out D. is to hand out

4. A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.   A
A. is offered. has offered
C. are offered D. have offered

5. All the employees except the manager _______ to work online at home.   A
A. encourages. encourage
C. is encouraged D. are encouraged

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发表于 2009-12-13 13:05:53 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 fancyww 于 2009-12-14 13:01 编辑

第二次作业——part 1 issue
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1040642-1-1.html
ISSUE13
Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct.


During the process of colonialism and globalization, some inferior languages are overwhelmed by dominant languages like English, and become endangered or even vanish. Some people maintains this phenomenon as natural, or even claim that fewer languages means better communication. However, such endangered languages actually carry unique cultural heritage, and their governments should take actions.

Every language has the value and reason to exist, because it carries distinctive human culture. Every group of people has adapted to unique circumstances,and their language expresses those circumstances. What we talk about, think, and believe is closely bound up with the words we have. So it is not exaggerated to say that the history of a culture can be mapped in its language. For example, the Russian word "mir" has three discrete meanings today:"commune, world, peace". There was a point in Russian history when most of the population lived in communes all their lives so that a commune was a Russian's world so long as they were at peace. If more and more languages become endangered, millions of unique cultural stories like this are at risk; the history tied up in a language will go unrecorded; the poetry and rhythm of a singular tongue will be silenced forever. While a language dies, the culture heritage will disappear, and the community which uses the language may lose its identity, which uproots the entire community in the end.

Since different languages express human's distinctive ways of perceiving the world, they can provide the linguistics and philosophers with valuable resources to study human minds and thoughts. Let's take the study of universal grammar as an example. The scientific search for the common starting point for all grammars that human children seem to be born with, depends on our knowing what all human languages have in common. The large number loss of languages that we face today will greatly restrict how much we can learn about human cognition, language, and language acquisition. That means people from other cultures are also impoverished when any language dies.

Still, some may argue that the extinction of all but a few major languages is inexorable; and the governments should consider the cost the do so. Admittedly, in the past, many languages vanished, because its speakers died out in natural disasters, wars, or diseases. This is a natural trend and their governments disappeared with them. We can do nothing about that. However, nowadays most languages die for the culture mesh and invasion. In this case, comparing the lose of language distinction with the efforts taken to save the language, any sightful government can do the math. Besides, even though some linguistics and organizations are now starting to study and preserve the endangered languages, their ability is limited and such undertaking requires the involvement of the government.  

When an endangered animal goes extinct, the world loses a unique part of our global ecosystem. When an endangered language dies, we lose cultural identities and the richness and diversity of humanity's culture heritage. It is not only affect the native speakers, but also endanger the whole human beings. The government facing such dilemma has the obligation to take actions.

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发表于 2009-12-13 16:19:13 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 fancyww 于 2009-12-14 13:01 编辑

第二次作业——part 2 argument
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1040741-1-1.html

The following appeared as a letter to the editor of a national newspaper.

"Your recent article on corporate downsizing* in the United States is misleading. The article gives the mistaken impression that many competent workers who lost jobs as a result of downsizing face serious economic hardship, often for years, before finding other suitable employment. But this impression is contradicted by a recent report on the United States economy, which found that since 1992 far more jobs have been created than have been eliminated. The report also demonstrates that many of those who lost their jobs have found new employment. Two-thirds of the newly created jobs have been in industries that tend to pay above-average wages, and the vast majority of these jobs are full-time."

The speaker quotes a recent report on the United States economy to contradicts the editor's view about the influence of downsizing on laid-off competent workers. However, none of the information from the report can directly and convincingly refutes the editor's view. The irrelevant evidence renders the speaker's point unconvincing

First of all, the fact that more jobs have been created than been eliminated does not means that these new jobs are created for workers who lost jobs in downsizing. It is possible that job seekers are also increasing year by year, and even in a more fast speed. There might be larger shortage in job market, and the competition is becoming more fierce. So the competent workers can find it harder to find jobs as well paid as old ones. Without considering the possible increasing of unemployed people, the speaker cannot draw the conclusion that more created jobs leads to better conditions for laid-out workers in downsizing.

Secondly, although the report mentioned that many of those who lost their jobs have found new employment, it omits important information about their incoming from new jobs. Without such details, it is highly possible that these unemployed are forced to take some poorly-paid jobs for a living. As a result, they certainly make less than before, and face serious economic hardship for years, before they find other "suitable jobs", which can offer them equally or more wages than former jobs. If this is true, then it just accords with the editor's view and weaken the speaker's point.

Thirdly, the fact that two-thirds of the newly created jobs are well-paid and the majority of them are full-time does not indicate the laid-off workers can weather their economic crisis. The speaker misses several possibilities between the two facts, which could cause them completely irrelevant. For instance, it is possible that the total quantity of newly created jobs is far smaller than the numbers of laid-off workers and newly appeared job-seekers. So two-thirds can be a real insignificant amount. For another example, the speaker does not mention the new jobs' wages are how much higher than average. Because we can see that the laid-off workers are all quite competent in their former companies, they may make much more than the average wage line. So these new jobs still cannot help them go through economic hardship. Even if the amount of newly created jobs are large enough, and their wages are high above-average, we do not know that whether these new jobs are just suitable for those workers or not.

In conclusion, the speaker casts doubts on the editor's view with vague and rough information from the report. Without further details, the speaker's point is unfounded and unconvincing.

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发表于 2009-12-13 16:28:27 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 fancyww 于 2009-12-14 12:17 编辑

第三次作业 AWINTRO翻译
    今天读了5页,大有醍醐灌顶的感觉。捶胸顿足问自己第一次考时怎么没好好读一遍,尽看各种参考书、帖子去了,简直是本逐末呀。ETS清清楚楚地把考什么、怎么考、怎么准备都告诉我们了,自己还在暗骂别人BT,看来这样考不好也是情有可原的了。
    虽然已经比较晚了,但还是按捺不住激动地心情呀,赶紧翻译了第一页,并谈了下自己的感受。贴上来,明天继续。

Page 3

分析性写作部分概览

  

    分析性写作部分是GRE考试从200210月新引入的一个部分,这个部分考察你的批判性思考能力和分析性写作技能。它评价你清楚地表达并支持一个复杂观点的能力,评价你分析一个论证过程、并且用语言支持一个有重点、有条理得论述的能力。它并不考察专业的知识。

    分析性写作部分包括两个分开计时的分析性写作任务:


1. 45分钟的“针对一个话题提出你的见解”任务;(我发现以前看的北美范文把issue定为是非问题,现在想来似乎欠妥。如果说是“是非问题”的话,给人一种一定要选择同意或不同意立场的感觉。但实际上,awintro接下来说道,“each (issue topic) states an opinion on an issue of broad interest and asks you to discuss the issue from any perspective”。也就是说不一定是“是”或“非”)

2.30分钟的“分析一个论点及论证”任务


    你将可以有两个话题选择。每一个话题陈述了一个关于某个大问题的观点,并且要求你从任何一个你喜欢的角度来讨论这个话题,只要你提供了相关的理由和例子来解释并支持你的观点。

    在论证分析写作中,你没有选择余地。这个论证分析写作提出了一个与话题写作不同角度的挑战:它要求批判一个论证过程,依据你对这个论证合理性的判断。你需要考虑这个罗正的逻辑周到性,而不需要赞同或不赞同这个论证的立场。(重点要观察claimevidence之间的关系,即论据自己的问题和论证过程的问题)

    这两个任务是互补的,因为一个要求你通过表明立场和提出证据来支持你的观点,以此建立一个论证过程;而另外一个则要求你通过考察别人的论点、论据和论证过程来对其进行分析和批判。



如何准备分析性写作


    每个人——即使是最熟练和自信的写作者——应该花一定时间来准备分析性写作。做到以下几点很重要:阅读所考察的技巧,该部分的评分标准,评分指导,各级评分意见,话题范例,评分范例,写作范例及评分者的评语ETS其实非常厚道,都指明了该如何准备,真遗憾当初没有一一做到这些点)



    分析性写作中的话题涉及各个学科——从艺术到人文学科再到社会和自然科学——但是没有任何话题要求专业的知识。实际上,每个话题都经过实地测试来保证它包括以下几个特点:


1.不论考试者的专业或兴趣方向,都能理解这个话题,并且对此发表意见;


2.这个话题能够引发各种各样的复杂思辨和有说服力的写作,而这正是大学老师认为对于成功的研究生阶段学习所必不可少的(拿到一个issue觉得思绪如麻是正常的,它其实就是要让你面对一个复杂的问题,所以首先要冷静,淡定)


3.考试者的回答内容根据其论证的方式可以各式各样。(结论和论证可以多样化,可以从多角度思考一个话题,不用追求周遍性,貌似感觉你写了这个题目后别人就没得可写的了,相反应当承认自己的立场是controversial的,正因如此才需要进行论证)


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发表于 2009-12-14 12:14:38 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 fancyww 于 2009-12-14 12:17 编辑

第三次作业——翻译awintro

PAGE 4-5

分析性写作考试技巧


    合理安排时间很重要。在话题写作45分钟的时间限制内,你要有足够的时间来从两个话题中选一个,思考你所选择的话题,打个草稿,然后完成你的文章。在论证分析写作的30分钟之内,你需要好好分析这个论证,想好怎要批驳,并且完成你的文章。尽管GRE的阅卷者理解你是在时间限制的压力下写出的文章,从而会把你的文章看做一个初稿,但你仍然要使其成为你写作水平尽可能好的代表,从而证明你能再考试时间压力的情况下写作。


    在每个部分最后留出几分钟时间来检查一些明显的错误。尽管偶尔出现的拼写和语法错误不会影响你的得分,严重和连续性的错误会影响你文章的整体效果,从而降低你的得分。


    在分析性写作结束后,你会有10分钟的休息时间。在其他考试部分之间有1分钟的休息时间。你可以利用这个休息时间更换新的草稿纸。



分析性写作部分是如何打分的


    每篇文章都依据GRE分析性写作评分标准(见2728页)在一个6分的标准上全面地来打分。全面地评分意味着你的文章是以一个整体来评价的:阅卷者不会把文章分成独立的部分,以特殊的标准来评价轻重一些元素如观点、结构、句子、语言。相反,阅卷者会依据文章的整体表现来打分,以一种综合的方式来考量不同的要点。比如说,优秀的文章结构和较差的文章结构会成为阅卷者整体印象中的一部分,从而对分数产生影响;但文章结构,最为一个单独的要点,不会有特殊的比重。


    通常情况下,GRE的阅卷者都是大学老师,他们擅长教授侧重批判性思维和逻辑思考的课程。所有的GRE阅卷者都经过仔细的训练,通过了严格的GRE资格考试,并且展现出能够保持阅卷准确的能力。


    为了确保阅卷的公正与客观:

1.阅卷者所批阅的试卷时随机分配的;

2.阅卷者考不到考试者的个人信息了;

3.每份试卷由两名阅卷者批阅;

4.阅卷者不知道另一个阅卷者会给多少分

5.阅卷程序要求两个阅卷者能给出相同或接近的分数;差异较大的试卷会由第三名阅卷者来判定。



    两部分的得分的平均数会成为最后的分数。29页上的得分描述告诉你怎样解释你分析性写作部分的得分。分析性写作部分给分最重要的点是批判性思维和分析性写作技巧。


(再次强调了考察的两个要点)


    在阅卷过程中,你的文章会被ETS的“文章相似性检测”软件阅读。由于美国大院研究生院非常重视独立思考,所以当有证据证明考试者的回答有以下情况是,ETS有权取消考试者的成绩:


1.试卷和GRE考试的其他时间相似;

2.没有指明出处地引用发表或未发表的材料、观点,或者对其加以换种说法;

3.没有注明合作者就引用合作研究的成果;

4.文章是从别处抄袭的或者是别人写的。


(貌似现在ETS不常取消成绩了,转而采用给低分的策略。所以issue的材料还是要有个性,用得很滥的材料最好还是避免)


当出现以上一或多种情况,根据ETS的专业判断,并没有反应你的独立的、分析的写作技巧,以及其他一些考试所要考察的能力。因此,ETS必须取消你的成绩,并且不能报告GRE考试中的任何一部分成绩。


被取消成绩的考试场将不能要回考试费,再次考试时需要再交费。在将来送给大学的成绩单上

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发表于 2009-12-15 23:02:14 |显示全部楼层
上午思考论文 下午见导师 晚上新东方助教培训  没抽出时间学习  哎。。。
明天补上!

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发表于 2009-12-16 23:09:08 |显示全部楼层

第三次作业——翻译awintro

PAGE 6-7




就一个话题陈述你的观点


了解话题写作任务
“就一个话题陈述你的观点”考察你关于一个话题或较宽泛问题的批判性思考能力,并且在写作中清楚的表达你的观点的能力。每一个在引号中的话题,都对一个问题发表了观点,考试者可以从各个角度来讨论这个问题,并且把这个观点放入各种不同的条件和背景之下。你的任务是为你自己的立场进行有说服力的论证。请一定要仔细阅读题目观点,并且从不同的角度来思考,要考虑到这个问题的复杂性。接下来,把你选择的立场和观点写下来,并把能够支持这个观点的原因和例子写下来。

话题写作这个部分允许地一定程度的宽泛的回答。尽管你的回答要关注话题的核心,但你可以选择你所希望的任何一个角度来进行写作。比如,你可以:
1. 完全同意、不同意、部分同意话题观点;
2. 质疑观点的前提;
3. 对话题中的某些术语进行限制,如果你对术语的限制有助于你论证你的观点;
4. 指出话题观点在哪些方面是正确的而在哪些方面不是;
5. 考察与你自己立场相对的观点;
6. 用相关例证所支持的论点来论证你自己的观点;(这两点不是太明白)


GRE阅卷者不会依据答案是否“正确”来给分。实际上,并没有一个正确的立场。相反,阅卷者考察的是就考试者就话题提出自己的观点并清楚论证的能力。

了解写作的语境:
话题写作是在批判性思维和议论文方面的练习。它的,目的是考验你是如何用有力的论证来支持你自己在某一问题上的观点,并在写作中有效地将其传达给一个学术方面的读者。你的读者包括大学教员,他们都经过乐GRE阅卷者的严格训练,他们都能根据评分标准给出成绩。
要想明白GRE阅卷者是怎样根据评分标准而打分的,你需要阅读评分作文范例和评卷人的评语。范例文章,尤其是56分的文章,将会给你展示组织、发展、完成一个有力论证的不同技巧。阅卷者的评语设计乐分析和写作的一些细节,如举例,发展和支持,组织,语言流畅性,词语选择。每个评语都指出了非常有说服力的地方,以及影响文章整体有效性的地方。

准备话题写作
由于话题写作考察的是你在你的受教育过程中议论文(不知道这么翻对不对),所以并不需要特别的专业知识或训练。
许多关于写作的大学课本会提供关于议论文的建议,这会对你有用。但即使是这些建议都会比在话题写作中你说需要的技巧更加专业。你不需要知道专业的批判性思维写作术语或技巧。相反,你要能运用理由,证据,以及例子来支持你关于这个话题的立场。比如,有个话题让你思考政府财政支持艺术博物馆是否重要。如果你的观点是政府应当资助艺术博物馆,你可以通过如此来论证:艺术很重要,并解释博物馆是公共场所,在那里任何人都能观赏艺术。相反,如果你的观点是政府不应该支持博物馆,你刻意指出如下几点:由于政府的资助有限,艺术博物馆不想别的社会机构那样急切地需要得到政府的帮助。

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发表于 2009-12-19 23:16:02 |显示全部楼层
AWINTRO看完了  但是还没翻译完。
现在进行第四次作业的评作文工作~

第四次作业——第一篇

TOPIC: ARGUMENT206 - The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Parkville Daily Newspaper.
自己先分析一下题目~
"Throughout the country(以下信息都来源于全国的情况,和parkville相比是一般与特殊) last year, as more and more children below the age of nine(又是一个特殊段) participated in youth-league softball and soccer, over 80,000 of these young players(数字不代表比例) suffered injuries. When interviewed for a recent study, youth-league softball players in several major cities(特殊) also reported psychological pressure from coaches and parents to win games. Furthermore, education experts say that long practice sessions(特殊) for these sports take away time that could be used for academic activities. Since the disadvantages apparently outweigh any advantages(没有提及任何), we in Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competitionfor children under nine." (完全扩大范围的结论)

WORDS: 384

TIME: 00:30:00
DATE: 2009-8-1 13:58:06


In this argument, the author concludes that Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine. To support his conclusion, the author points out that over 80,000 of young players suffered injuries throughout the country last year. And he also cites that youth-league softball players reported pressure form coaches and parents in several big cities and these sports take away time for academic activities. However, the argument suffers a few flaws. (很套路很废话的开头,虽然很标准,但基本说了等于没说吧)

To begin with, the author falsely assumes that children under nine in Parkville suffer injuries just like those throughout the country.
First, the child in Parkville may have different interests in sports, such as basketball. Second, the author fails to provide the number of children who is under nine and suffered injuries throughout the country last year. Perhaps only a few children under nine suffered from injuries. Third, the author fails to prove that the children get injuries because of taking sports rather than other possibilities. All these scenarios, if true, will undermine the author's conclusion.


In addition, the author unjustifiably claims that children in Parkvill receive pressure from coaches and parents. The study is interviewed in several big cities, we are not informed whether Parkville is a big city. Even assuming that it is a big city, the author still cannot apply the study to Parkville. There are maybe differences between Parkville and other cities. Perhaps Parkville has stricter regulations to coaches, or perhaps the competition in Parkville is not so serious.

Furthermore, it is unwarranted to claim that these sports take away time from academic activities. First, we are not informed how many hours are used for sports and academic activities. Perhaps sports time is far less than the time for academic activities. Second, sports may help to do academic activities better. Without ruling out these possibilities, it is unwise to discontinue organized competition.

Last but not least, the author suggests too hastily to discontinue all the competition. Even if some competition is dangerous, some others may be good for children. Common sense tells me that children need to take sports. The disadvantage of discontinue may outweigh the advantage.(感觉这个是最直接的、应该摆在第一个)

To sum up, the author fails to substantiate the conclusion that Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine. The author need further information and reliable study to make the conclusion convincing.


作者找的几点都是对的,但似乎在个点之间缺乏逻辑联系,批驳地有点散乱。这也是我比较困扰的问题,就是如何在发现了argue很多毛病之后,有针对性连贯性得指出来,而不是老套用一些模板,说些无关痛痒的话。



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RE: 1006G[REBORN FROM THE ASHES组]备考日记 by Fancy——no pain no gain [修改]

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