ISSUE88球拍

hudu464UID: 2512268

ISSUE88

"Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."

Ever since our ancestors invented the first hunting tool, technologies came into being; social customs and ethics have not only been influenced but actually determined by the invention and adoption of the technology.

The primary purpose of technologies is to help people firstly adapt to their environment and then make use of resources provided in this environment. This process of adapting and finally being able to make use of the environment composes a significant portion of early stories of the mankind, during when social customs formed and some of them persist throughout the history. In another word, many social customs and ethics that we still believe and practice actually could originate from the remote history of technological development. Gender roles we have been assigned from birth, for example, are derived from how our early ancestors invented and adopted spear and needle and reinforced by labor distribution came along with that. Admittedly, genetic and physical differences between male and female held some responsibilities for the formation of gender roles. Nevertheless, divergent technologies each gender adopted from the very beginning of human history are inescapable and fundamental reason that men and women still cannot achieve an identical status in every realm of our society. We are too familiar with the picture in history book showing the captain of a tribe brought back prey to his women and children, in which case he carried his spear everywhere to hunt food and protect his families. Accordingly, now a man signifies bravery, aggressiveness, and the primary breadwinner and protector in his families. On the other hand, women, who were fed and protected by men, gradually and progressively invented different tools to make better use of the prey. They found that meat roasted tastes better and the skin of the prey could keep them warm. Still, modern women are expected to be better at cooking and stitching than men. Some may argue that people in modern times do not strictly perceive male and female according to stereotypes they have in mind and feminists made significant stride in achieving gender equality. Gender roles invented from the very appearance of technologies, as a social custom, are still with us to some extent.

While some long-existing and deeply embedded social customs could be associated from the advent of certain technologies, the development of technology, as well as society, is a dynamic one. Far from being detached from it, changes in social customs and ethics are very much part of it, members in the society feel the tension and strains caused by the rapid technological development. The social customs and ethics implied in getting a job, for example, are almost reshaped given the technologies that made automatization and outsourcing possible. Since the first Industrial Revolution, machines are replacing workers in manufacturing and then brought the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the challenge of traditional norm. Workers have to compete with machines in terms of productivity. Moreover, with the rapid development of communication tools, jobs in service industry have been outsourced to countries with lower salary demand. People today are not only finding a job that they could make a living, they have to make sure that job would not be automatized or outsourced, which is subject to the vicissitude of technological development.

While I am certainly not a zealot of technology, I do see the deciding impact of technologies imposed in social customs and ethics. From long-existing social customs like gender roles to the most recent trend in job market, the advent and changes of social customs are not only influenced but also determined by the appearance and development of technologies.

plukaUID: 2721764

"Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."

Ever since our ancestors invented the first hunting tool, technologies came into being; social customs and ethics have not only been influenced but actually determined by the invention and adoption of the technology.

The primary purpose of technologies is to help people firstly adapt to their environment and then make use of resources provided in this environment. This process of adapting and finally being able to make use of the environment composes a significant portion of early stories of the mankind, during when social customs formed and some of them persist throughout the history. In another word, many social customs and ethics that we still believe and practice actually could originate from the remote history of technological development. （举例开始）Gender roles we have been assigned from birth, for example, are derived from how our early ancestors invented and adopted spear and needle and reinforced by labor distribution came along with that. （让步）Admittedly, genetic and physical differences between male and female held some responsibilities for the formation of gender roles.（再次确认观点） Nevertheless, divergent technologies each gender adopted from the very beginning of human history are inescapable and fundamental reason that men and women still cannot achieve an identical status in every realm of our society.（解释） We are too familiar with the picture in history book showing the captain of a tribe brought back prey to his women and children, in which case he carried his spear everywhere to hunt food and protect his families. Accordingly, now a man signifies bravery, aggressiveness, and the primary breadwinner and protector in his families. （该部分的时间线索是古代男人-现代男人-古代女人-现代女人。个人觉得可以就分古代男女角色-现代男女角色两个时间段，因为看到still cannot achieve...时以为下面会说现代，看完now a man句时又以为会接着继续讲now a women...时态变动多了有时会引起不适）On the other hand, women, who were fed and protected by men, gradually and progressively invented different tools to make better use of the prey. They found that meat roasted（roasted meat） tastes better and the skin of the prey could keep them warm. Still, modern women are expected to be better at cooking and stitching than men. Some may argue that people in modern times do not strictly perceive male and female according to stereotypes they have in mind and feminists made significant stride in achieving gender equality（这个argue貌似可要可不要。如果要保留的话，也可以继续做文章曰是现代科技让女性从繁重的家务等中解放以追求自己的权利，所以正是现代科技带来了女权运动风潮。保留但不做解释，效果会打点折扣。）. （however）Gender roles invented from the very appearance of technologies, as a social custom, are still with us to some extent.
本段指出许多社会风俗源自古老的技术发展，例子是原始社会男女分配到的工具与技术角色的差异演变为今日的性别角色分化。这个例子挺不错的~很可以阐述主题。

While some long-existing and deeply embedded social customs could be associated from the advent of certain technologies, the development of technology, as well as society, is a dynamic one. Far from being detached from it, changes in social customs and ethics are very much part of it,（这两个it都是指代tech development么，道德变化是科技发展的一部分...理解不能...另，前面用代词，后半句又出现了本体tech development...读着有些不适） (as)members in the society feel the tension and strains caused by the rapid technological development. The social customs and ethics（carp一下：工作道德...这一点在后文提到的貌似很少） implied in getting a job, for example, are almost reshaped given the technologies that made automatization and outsourcing possible. Since the first Industrial Revolution, machines are replacing workers in manufacturing and then brought the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the challenge of traditional norm. Workers have to compete with machines in terms of productivity. Moreover, with the rapid development of communication tools, jobs in service industry have been outsourced to countries with lower salary demand. People today are not only finding a job that they could make a living, they have to make sure that job would not be automatized or outsourced, which is subject to the vicissitude of technological development.
本段指出社会风俗与道德的变化是科技发展的一部分（？），社会成员因飞速发展的科技而感到压力和紧张，如当前的就业customs。觉得custom的变化发展了，ethics的貌似很难发展……另，若要强调reshap的话，提一下传统的custom，今昔对比一下是否会更forceful呢。

While I am certainly not a zealot of technology, I do see the deciding impact of technologies imposed in（on) social customs and ethics. From long-existing social customs like gender roles to the most recent trend in job market, the advent and changes of social customs are not only influenced but also determined by the appearance and development of technologies.
结构：T（科技发展不止影响而且决定了社会风俗与道德）——>B1（性别分化源自科技发展）——>B2（工作习惯决定于科技发展）——>结论
全文提出了两个方面，性别与工作，以阐述科技如何决定这两个领域的起源与变迁。觉得这两个领域都选的挺不错~ 只要能讲清楚题目，从什么角度入手都可以嘛。